International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems 8th Edition Franklin Solutions ManualDakotaFredericks
Full download : https://alibabadownload.com/product/feedback-control-of-dynamic-systems-8th-edition-franklin-solutions-manual/ Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems 8th Edition Franklin Solutions Manual
Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems 8th Edition Franklin Solutions ManualDakotaFredericks
Full download : https://alibabadownload.com/product/feedback-control-of-dynamic-systems-8th-edition-franklin-solutions-manual/ Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems 8th Edition Franklin Solutions Manual
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Supersymmetric E6 Models with Low Intermediate Scalesiosrjce
We propose supersymmetric E6 models with intermediate Left-right symmetry as a result of
spontaneous compactification of E8 theory in a ten dimensional space. We show that much lower value of Leftright
symmetry breaking scale and consistent unification scale can be achieved in presence of some appropriate
light multiplets resulting from spontaneous compactification of higher dimensions at the Planck scale. In the
model we could successfully lower the intermediate Left-right symmetry breaking scale MR up to 105 GeV. With
such a lower value of MR, we can easily accommodate low scale leptogenesis in tune with gravitino constraint.
The model can also predict desired value of neutrino mass that can be tested at LHC.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.04370
A concept of quantum computing is proposed which naturally incorporates an additional kind of uncertainty, i.e. vagueness (fuzziness), by introducing obscure qudits (qubits), which are simultaneously characterized by a quantum probability and a membership function. Along with the quantum amplitude, a membership amplitude for states is introduced. The Born rule is used for the quantum probability only, while the membership function can be computed through the membership amplitudes according to a chosen model. Two different versions are given here: the "product" obscure qubit in which the resulting amplitude is a product of the quantum amplitude and the membership amplitude, and the "Kronecker" obscure qubit, where quantum and vagueness computations can be performed independently (i.e. quantum computation alongside truth). The measurement and entanglement of obscure qubits are briefly described.
FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF 3-DOF HUMAN LOWER LIMBSIJCI JOURNAL
Frequent and prolonged expose of human body to vibrations can induce back pain and physical disorder
and degeneration of tissue. The biomechanical model of human lower limbs are modeled as a three degree
of freedom linear spring-mass-damper system to estimate forces and frequencies. Then three degree of
freedom system was analysed using state space method to find natural frequency and mode shape. A
program was develop to solve simplified equations and results were plotted and discussed in detail. The
mass, stiffness and damping coefficient of various segments are taken from references. The optimal values
of the damping ratios of the body segments are estimated, for the three degrees of freedom model. At last
resonance frequencies are found to avoid expose of lower limbs to such environment for optimum comfort.
Can Jupiter effect on the Earth Moon? (III)Gerges francis
Paper hypothesis
The Earth Moon is a unique Planet In The Solar System
i.e.
The Earth Moon practices a great effect on the solar system geometry more than any other moon in the solar group.
Paper Objective
The paper tries to prove that –
The Earth Moon Orbit Is Created By A Force has Geometrical Features can't be produced by The Masses Gravity
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
On the existence properties of a rigid body algebraic integralsMagedHelal1
In this article, we consider kinematical considerations of a rigid body rotating around a
given fixed point in a Newtonian force field exerted by an attractive center with a rotating
couple about their principal axes of inertia. The kinematic equations and their well-known
three elementary integrals of the problem are introduced. The existence properties of the
algebraic integrals are considered. Besides, we search as a special case of the fourth algebraic
integral for the problem of the rigid body’s motion around a fixed point under the action of a
Newtonian force field with an orbiting couple. Lagrange’s case and Kovalevskaya’s one are
obtained. The large parameter is used for satisfying the existing conditions of the algebraic
integrals. The comparison between the obtained results and the previous ones is arising. The
numerical solutions of the regulating system of motion are obtained utilizing the fourth order
Runge-Kutta method and plotted in some figures to illustrate the positive impact of the
imposed forces and torques on the behavior of the body at any time.
This paper summarizes the main questions in following:
From Paper No. 54
Kepler 3rdLaw Explanation (Part No.2)
To paper No. 27
Uranus Position In The Sky
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Rotation in 3d Space: Euler Angles, Quaternions, Marix DescriptionsSolo Hermelin
Mathematics of rotation in 3d space, a lecture that I've prepared.
This presentation is at a Undergraduate in Science (Math, Physics, Engineering) level.
Please send comments and suggestions to solo.hermelin@gmail.com. Thanks!
Fore more presentations, please visit my website at
http://www.solohermelin.com/
Exploring the Potentials of blacksmithing for Rural Industrialization in Bau...IJMER
Nigeria like any other developing country is being faced by a number of developmental
challenges, such as social, economic and technological. The country is blessed with numerous resource
potentials one of which is the human resource, where in 1996 it was estimated to have a population of
nearly 170 million people. This abundant human resource could effectively be harnessed for the
technological advancement of the country through the utilization of indigenous technologies for the
adaptation and imitation of technologies of advanced countries. This paper presents the status of
indigenous technology and the role of blacksmithing on technological development in Bauchi State. The
paper explores the available skills of the existing blacksmiths of Bauchi State for rural
industrialization. Results show that production of agricultural tools is more prominent in the Northern
zone of the state, while the Southern zone specializes in the production of industrial tools. It is
recommended that if the enabling environment is provided this human resource potential could be
adopted for rural industrialization through the establishment of specialized small scale industries for
the production of high quality tools and products for use in various sectors of the economy. This will
provide employment opportunities for the people of the state as well as contributing to industrial
development of Nigeria.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Supersymmetric E6 Models with Low Intermediate Scalesiosrjce
We propose supersymmetric E6 models with intermediate Left-right symmetry as a result of
spontaneous compactification of E8 theory in a ten dimensional space. We show that much lower value of Leftright
symmetry breaking scale and consistent unification scale can be achieved in presence of some appropriate
light multiplets resulting from spontaneous compactification of higher dimensions at the Planck scale. In the
model we could successfully lower the intermediate Left-right symmetry breaking scale MR up to 105 GeV. With
such a lower value of MR, we can easily accommodate low scale leptogenesis in tune with gravitino constraint.
The model can also predict desired value of neutrino mass that can be tested at LHC.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.04370
A concept of quantum computing is proposed which naturally incorporates an additional kind of uncertainty, i.e. vagueness (fuzziness), by introducing obscure qudits (qubits), which are simultaneously characterized by a quantum probability and a membership function. Along with the quantum amplitude, a membership amplitude for states is introduced. The Born rule is used for the quantum probability only, while the membership function can be computed through the membership amplitudes according to a chosen model. Two different versions are given here: the "product" obscure qubit in which the resulting amplitude is a product of the quantum amplitude and the membership amplitude, and the "Kronecker" obscure qubit, where quantum and vagueness computations can be performed independently (i.e. quantum computation alongside truth). The measurement and entanglement of obscure qubits are briefly described.
FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF 3-DOF HUMAN LOWER LIMBSIJCI JOURNAL
Frequent and prolonged expose of human body to vibrations can induce back pain and physical disorder
and degeneration of tissue. The biomechanical model of human lower limbs are modeled as a three degree
of freedom linear spring-mass-damper system to estimate forces and frequencies. Then three degree of
freedom system was analysed using state space method to find natural frequency and mode shape. A
program was develop to solve simplified equations and results were plotted and discussed in detail. The
mass, stiffness and damping coefficient of various segments are taken from references. The optimal values
of the damping ratios of the body segments are estimated, for the three degrees of freedom model. At last
resonance frequencies are found to avoid expose of lower limbs to such environment for optimum comfort.
Can Jupiter effect on the Earth Moon? (III)Gerges francis
Paper hypothesis
The Earth Moon is a unique Planet In The Solar System
i.e.
The Earth Moon practices a great effect on the solar system geometry more than any other moon in the solar group.
Paper Objective
The paper tries to prove that –
The Earth Moon Orbit Is Created By A Force has Geometrical Features can't be produced by The Masses Gravity
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
On the existence properties of a rigid body algebraic integralsMagedHelal1
In this article, we consider kinematical considerations of a rigid body rotating around a
given fixed point in a Newtonian force field exerted by an attractive center with a rotating
couple about their principal axes of inertia. The kinematic equations and their well-known
three elementary integrals of the problem are introduced. The existence properties of the
algebraic integrals are considered. Besides, we search as a special case of the fourth algebraic
integral for the problem of the rigid body’s motion around a fixed point under the action of a
Newtonian force field with an orbiting couple. Lagrange’s case and Kovalevskaya’s one are
obtained. The large parameter is used for satisfying the existing conditions of the algebraic
integrals. The comparison between the obtained results and the previous ones is arising. The
numerical solutions of the regulating system of motion are obtained utilizing the fourth order
Runge-Kutta method and plotted in some figures to illustrate the positive impact of the
imposed forces and torques on the behavior of the body at any time.
This paper summarizes the main questions in following:
From Paper No. 54
Kepler 3rdLaw Explanation (Part No.2)
To paper No. 27
Uranus Position In The Sky
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Rotation in 3d Space: Euler Angles, Quaternions, Marix DescriptionsSolo Hermelin
Mathematics of rotation in 3d space, a lecture that I've prepared.
This presentation is at a Undergraduate in Science (Math, Physics, Engineering) level.
Please send comments and suggestions to solo.hermelin@gmail.com. Thanks!
Fore more presentations, please visit my website at
http://www.solohermelin.com/
Exploring the Potentials of blacksmithing for Rural Industrialization in Bau...IJMER
Nigeria like any other developing country is being faced by a number of developmental
challenges, such as social, economic and technological. The country is blessed with numerous resource
potentials one of which is the human resource, where in 1996 it was estimated to have a population of
nearly 170 million people. This abundant human resource could effectively be harnessed for the
technological advancement of the country through the utilization of indigenous technologies for the
adaptation and imitation of technologies of advanced countries. This paper presents the status of
indigenous technology and the role of blacksmithing on technological development in Bauchi State. The
paper explores the available skills of the existing blacksmiths of Bauchi State for rural
industrialization. Results show that production of agricultural tools is more prominent in the Northern
zone of the state, while the Southern zone specializes in the production of industrial tools. It is
recommended that if the enabling environment is provided this human resource potential could be
adopted for rural industrialization through the establishment of specialized small scale industries for
the production of high quality tools and products for use in various sectors of the economy. This will
provide employment opportunities for the people of the state as well as contributing to industrial
development of Nigeria.
Crack in component if undetected may lead to catastrophic failure of the component. The
cracked rotor problem received the first attention in 1970 and after that the interest among the
researchers started. The vibration behavior of cracked structures, in particular cracked rotors, is
important to study as the introduction of the crack alters the vibration characteristics of the structure.
The problem of damage and crack detection in structural components has acquired important role in past
few years. However, cracked rotor studies are mainly deals with single crack. For multiple cracked
structures the problem of crack sizing and location becomes more complex. Only few authors have
pointed out the multiple crack assessment in the rotor. The proposed work is on vibration analysis of
multiple cracked shaft beam. An Euler Bernoulli beam fixed at one end with two transverse cracks is
considered. The vibration characteristics of the shaft are studied using Experimental Modal Analysis and
Finite Element Analysis. The mode shapes and natural frequencies of the beams are studied and their
variation with change in position and depth of the crack is also studied. The study shows good agreement
of the results obtained using Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Modal Analysis.
Experimental Study of the Fatigue Strength of Glass fiber epoxy and Chapstan ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
On ranges and null spaces of a special type of operator named 𝝀 − 𝒋𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏. – ...IJMER
In this article, 𝜆 − 𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 has been introduced which is a generalization of trijection
operator as introduced in P.Chandra’s Ph. D. thesis titled “Investigation into the theory of operators
and linear spaces” (Patna University,1977). We obtain relation between ranges and null spaces of two
given 𝜆 − 𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 under suitable conditions
Management operation system techniques (MOST) replaces PERT and CPM in constr...IJMER
The Management Operation System Technique (MOST) invented in 1961, replaces PERT and
CPM on construction projects and in program management. Since its inception, MOST has gained
popularity and is now widely used in both large and small construction projects. Its use has been
equally effective on projects ranging from several thousand dollars to $193 million so far. It is a
combination of several traditional and modern planning techniques like bar chart, Gantt chart, CPM
and PERT. The advantages of these have been extracted and disadvantages have been eliminated. Few
of the advantages are: it is very helpful for repetitive works in both real and infrastructure projects and
uses backward integration which helps in knowing the ground realities very easily. It gives the project
manager visibility and identifies potential trouble areas requiring management action. This paper deals
with application of MOST for construction activities of a 25 Kms Road project and drawing of MOST
schedules. In the end the limitations of MOST are mentioned
Network Forensic Investigation of HTTPS ProtocolIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Education set for collecting and visualizing data using sensor system based o...IJMER
This article presents the issues of the wireless sensor measuring systems design which might
be used in education process of computer science faculty. The work shows the integration of a simple
measuring system, data management system, visual system and the hardware. Education set is designed
to consolidate knowledge in many fields of computer science and the interdependence between them, as
programming techniques, database, Web server, communications protocols, software and hardware.
Presented measuring sensor system consists of a number of measurement nodes, whose role is to
provide information about certain desirable characteristics, warning against natural hazards or
violation of the physical safety. An important part of the sensor system is a measuring subsystem and
the collecting measurement data subsystem. The article presents the temperature measurement sensor
system concepts and measurement data storage and visualization methods
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Periodic material-based vibration isolation for satellitesIJERA Editor
The vibration environment of a satellite is very severe during launch. Isolating the satellitevibrations during
launch will significantly enhance reliability and lifespan, and reduce the weight of satellite structure and
manufacturing cost. Guided by the recent advances in solid-state physics research, a new type of satellite
vibration isolator is proposed by usingperiodic material that is hence called periodic isolator. The periodic
isolator possesses a unique dynamic property, i.e., frequency band gaps. External vibrations with frequencies
falling in the frequency band gaps of the periodic isolator are to be isolated. Using the elastodynamics and the
Bloch-Floquet theorem, the frequency band gaps of periodic isolators are determined. A parametric study is
conducted to provide guidelines for the design of periodic isolators. Based on these analytical results, a finite
element model of a micro-satellite with a set of designed periodic isolators is built to show the feasibility of
vibration isolation. The periodic isolator is found to be a multi-directional isolator that provides vibration
isolation in the three directions.
Periodic material-based vibration isolation for satellitesIJERA Editor
The vibration environment of a satellite is very severe during launch. Isolating the satellitevibrations during
launch will significantly enhance reliability and lifespan, and reduce the weight of satellite structure and
manufacturing cost. Guided by the recent advances in solid-state physics research, a new type of satellite
vibration isolator is proposed by usingperiodic material that is hence called periodic isolator. The periodic
isolator possesses a unique dynamic property, i.e., frequency band gaps. External vibrations with frequencies
falling in the frequency band gaps of the periodic isolator are to be isolated. Using the elastodynamics and the
Bloch-Floquet theorem, the frequency band gaps of periodic isolators are determined. A parametric study is
conducted to provide guidelines for the design of periodic isolators. Based on these analytical results, a finite
element model of a micro-satellite with a set of designed periodic isolators is built to show the feasibility of
vibration isolation. The periodic isolator is found to be a multi-directional isolator that provides vibration
isolation in the three directions.
Is ellipse really a section of cone. The question intrigued me for 20 odd years after leaving high school. Finally got the proof on a cremation ground. Only thereafter I came to know of Dandelin spheres. But this proof uses only bare basics within the scope of high school course of Analytical geometry.
Gravitational lensing for interstellar power transmissionSérgio Sacani
We investigate light propagation in the gravitational field of multiple gravitational lenses. Assuming these lenses are sufficiently spaced to prevent interaction, we consider a linear alignment for the
transmitter, lenses, and receiver. Remarkably, in this axially-symmetric configuration, we can solve
the relevant diffraction integrals – result that offers valuable analytical insights. We show that the
point-spread function (PSF) is affected by the number of lenses in the system. Even a single lens is
useful for transmission either it is used as a part of the transmitter or it acts on the receiver’s side.
We show that power transmission via a pair of lenses benefits from light amplification on both ends
of the link. The second lens plays an important role by focusing the signal to a much tighter spot;
but in practical lensing scenarios, that lens changes the structure of the PSF on scales much smaller
than the telescope, so that additional gain due to the presence of the second lens is independent of its
properties and is govern solely by the transmission geometry. While evaluating the signal-to-noise
ratio (SNR) in various transmitting scenarios, we see that a single-lens transmission performs on par
with a pair of lenses. The fact that the second lens amplifies the brightness of the first one, creates a
challenging background for signal reception. Nevertheless, in all the cases considered here, we have
found practically-relevant SNR values. As a result, we were able to demonstrate the feasibility of
establishing interstellar power transmission links relying on gravitational lensing – a finding with
profound implications for applications targeting interstellar power transmission.
Why Does the Atmosphere Rotate? Trajectory of a desorbed moleculeJames Smith
As a step toward understanding why the Earth's atmosphere "rotates" with the Earth, we use using Geometric (Clifford) Algebra to investigate the trajectory of a single molecule that desorbs vertically upward from the Equator, then falls back to Earth without colliding with any other molecules. Sample calculations are presented for a molecule whose vertical velocity is equal to the surface velocity of the Earth at the Equator (463 m/s) and for one with a vertical velocity three times as high. The latter velocity is sufficient for the molecule to reach the Kármán Line (100,000 m). We find that both molecules fall to Earth behind the point from which they desorbed: by 0.25 degrees of latitude for the higher vertical velocity, but by only 0.001 degrees for the lower.
Bound State Solution of the Klein–Gordon Equation for the Modified Screened C...BRNSS Publication Hub
We present solution of the Klein–Gordon equation for the modified screened Coulomb potential (Yukawa) plus inversely quadratic Yukawa potential through formula method. The conventional formula method which constitutes a simple formula for finding bound state solution of any quantum mechanical wave equation, which is simplified to the form; 2122233()()''()'()()0(1)(1)kksAsBscsssskssks−++ψ+ψ+ψ=−−. The bound state energy eigenvalues and its corresponding wave function obtained with its efficiency in spectroscopy.
Key words: Bound state, inversely quadratic Yukawa, Klein–Gordon, modified screened coulomb (Yukawa), quantum wave equation
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
risky jobs and also to increase productivity. Using a single robot for a single operation proves to be
expensive. Hence for cost optimization, multiple guns are mounted on a single robot and multiple
operations are performed. Robot Gun structure is an efficient way in which multiple welds can be done
simultaneously. However mounting several weld guns on a single structure induces a variety of
dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
force loads in FEA. This approach will be on the conservative side, and will be saving time and
subsequently cost efficient. The approach of the paper is towards creating a standard operating
procedure when it comes to analysis of such structures, with emphasis on deploying various technical
aspects of FEA such as Non Linear Geometry, Multipoint Constraint Contact Algorithm, Multizone
meshing .
Static Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis by Analytical and Solid Works SimulationIJMER
This paper aims to do modelling, simulation and performing the static analysis of a go
kart chassis consisting of Circular beams. Modelling, simulations and analysis are performed using 3-D
modelling software i.e. Solid Works and ANSYS according to the rulebook provided by Indian Society of
New Era Engineers (ISNEE) for National Go Kart Championship (NGKC-14).The maximum deflection is
determined by performing static analysis. Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation,
where it is found that the location of maximum deflection agrees well with theoretical approximation but
varies on magnitude aspect.
In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
carbon émission and BS Séries limitd speed availability vehicle in the market and causing of
environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
pedal assembly and variable speed gearbox such as planetary gear optimise speed of vehicle
with variable speed ratio.To increase the efficiency of bicycle for confortable drive and to
reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
throgh Chain Drive (i.e. Sprocket )to rear wheel with help of Epicyclical gear Box to give
number of différent Speed during driving.To reduce torque requirent in the cycle with change in
the pedal mechanism
Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
The proposal of this paper is to present Spring Framework which is widely used in
developing enterprise applications. Considering the current state where applications are developed using
the EJB model, Spring Framework assert that ordinary java beans(POJO) can be utilize with minimal
modifications. This modular framework can be used to develop the application faster and can reduce
complexity. This paper will highlight the design overview of Spring Framework along with its features that
have made the framework useful. The integration of multiple frameworks for an E-commerce system has
also been addressed in this paper. This paper also proposes structure for a website based on integration of
Spring, Hibernate and Struts Framework.
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation SystemIJMER
Microcontroller based Automatic Sprinkler System is a new concept of using
intelligence power of embedded technology in the sprinkler irrigation work. Designed system replaces
the conventional manual work involved in sprinkler irrigation to automatic process. Using this system a
farmer is protected against adverse inhuman weather conditions, tedious work of changing over of
sprinkler water pipe lines & risk of accident due to high pressure in the water pipe line. Overall
sprinkler irrigation work is transformed in to a comfortableautomatic work. This system provides
flexibility & accuracy in respect of time set for the operation of a sprinkler water pipe lines. In present
work the author has designed and developed an automatic sprinkler irrigation system which is
controlled and monitored by a microcontroller interfaced with solenoid valves.
On some locally closed sets and spaces in Ideal Topological SpacesIJMER
In this paper we introduce and characterize some new generalized locally closed sets
known as
δ
ˆ
s-locally closed sets and spaces are known as
δ
ˆ
s-normal space and
δ
ˆ
s-connected space and
discussed some of their properties
Intrusion Detection and Forensics based on decision tree and Association rule...IJMER
This paper present an approach based on the combination of, two techniques using
decision tree and Association rule mining for Probe attack detection. This approach proves to be
better than the traditional approach of generating rules for fuzzy expert system by clustering methods.
Association rule mining for selecting the best attributes together and decision tree for identifying the
best parameters together to create the rules for fuzzy expert system. After that rules for fuzzy expert
system are generated using association rule mining and decision trees. Decision trees is generated for
dataset and to find the basic parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference
system. Membership functions are generated for the probe attack. Based on these rules we have
created the fuzzy inference system that is used as an input to neuro-fuzzy system. Fuzzy inference
system is loaded to neuro-fuzzy toolbox as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for
outcome of neuro-fuzzy approach. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were
done with NSL-KDD intrusion detection dataset. As the experimental results, the proposed approach
based on the combination of, two techniques using decision tree and Association rule mining
efficiently detected probe attacks. Experimental results shows better results for detecting intrusions as
compared to others existing methods
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process
sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer
language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as
personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the
question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to
explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages
and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby
machine learning as whole?” .
Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
analysis and software development. Currently there are enormous number of software development
process exists which can be implemented to stabilize the process of developing a software system. But no
perfect system is recognized till yet which can help software developers for opting of best software
development process. This paper present the framework of skillful system combined with Likert scale. With
the help of Likert scale we define a rule based model and delegate some mass score to every process and
develop one tool name as MuxSet which will help the software developers to select an appropriate
development process that may enhance the probability of system success.
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
opportunities in industrial processes. The project carried out studies on various energy conservation
measures application in areas like lighting, motors, compressors, transformer, ventilation system etc.
In this investigation, studied the technical aspects of the various measures along with its cost benefit
analysis.
Investigation found that major areas of energy conservation are-
1. Energy efficient lighting schemes.
2. Use of electronic ballast instead of copper ballast.
3. Use of wind ventilators for ventilation.
4. Use of VFD for compressor.
5. Transparent roofing sheets to reduce energy consumption.
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An Implementation of I2C Slave Interface using Verilog HDLIJMER
The focus of this paper is on implementation of Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol
following slave module for no data loss. In this paper, the principle and the operation of I2C bus protocol
will be introduced. It follows the I2C specification to provide device addressing, read/write operation and
an acknowledgement. The programmable nature of device provide users with the flexibility of configuring
the I2C slave device to any legal slave address to avoid the slave address collision on an I2C bus with
multiple slave devices. This paper demonstrates how I2C Master controller transmits and receives data to
and from the Slave with proper synchronization.
The module is designed in Verilog and simulated in ModelSim. The design is also synthesized in Xilinx
XST 14.1. This module acts as a slave for the microprocessor which can be customized for no data loss.
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One PreyIJMER
This paper investigates the dynamical behavior of a discrete model of one prey two
predator systems. The equilibrium points and their stability are analyzed. Time series plots are obtained
for different sets of parameter values. Also bifurcation diagrams are plotted to show dynamical behavior
of the system in selected range of growth parameter
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
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2. Heatmap utilization for testing
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4. Demo
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UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3
Stability of the Equilibrium Position of the Centre of Mass of an Inextensible Cable - Connected Satellites System in Circular Orbit
1. www.ijmer.com
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-3060-3062
ISSN: 2249-6645
Stability of the Equilibrium Position of the Centre of Mass of an
Inextensible Cable - Connected Satellites System in Circular Orbit
Vijay Kumar 1 , Nikky Kumari 2
*(Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Saharanpur,India )
** (Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, India)
ABSTRACT: In this paper we have studied the motion and stability of the centre of mass of a system of two satellites
connected by inextensible cable under the influence of air resistance and magnetic force in the central gravitational field of
oblate earth in circular orbit. We have obtained an equilibrium point which has been shown to be stable in the sense of
Liapunov.
Keywords: Perturbative forces, stability, interconnected satellites, Equilibrium point, and Circular orbit.
I.
INTRODUCTION
This paper is devoted to study the equilibrium position under the influence of air resistance and magnetic force of
oblate earth in case of circular orbit of the centre of mass of the system.
For this, firstly we have derived equations of motion in case of circular orbit of the centre of mass of the system
under perturbative forces mentioned above and then Jacobian integral for the problem is obtained. Equilibrium Position has
been obtained shown to be stable in the sense of Liapunov. This work is direct generalization of works done by V.V.
Beletsky; R. B. Singh; B. Sharma; S. K. Das; P. K. Bhattacharyya and C.P.Singh.
II.
EQUATIONS OF MOTION OF ONE OF THE TWO SATELLITES IN ELLIPTIC ORBIT
The equations of motion of one of the two satellites when the centre of mass moves along a keplerian elliptical orbit
in Nechvill's co-ordinate system have been derived in the form.
x " 2 y ' 3 x 4 x
4 Ax
B cos i
f '
A
B 'cos i
y " 2 x ' 4 y y
f 2
2
A
B '
1
z " z 4 z z cos v w
3 p3 2 E sin v w sin i
P
E
Where,
l
0
p3
……........ (2.1)
p3 m1 m2
: being Lagrange’s multiplier's and m1, m2 being masses of two satellites.
l0 m1m2
being the length of cable connected by two satellites
R
1
; p being focal parameter and e eccentricity of the orbit of centre of mass
p 1 e cos v
R = Radius vector of the centre of mass from the attracting centre
v = True anomaly of the centre of mass
i = Inclination of the orbit of centre of mass with the equatorial plane of the earth
A
k2
= oblateness force parameter
p2
B=
m1
m1 m2
f
Q1 Q1 E
= magnetic force parameter
m1 m2 p
a1 p 3
= Air resistance force parameter
p
Here, dashes denote differentiations w.r. to true anomaly v.
The condition of constraint is given by
x2 y 2 z 2
1
................... (2.2)
2
www.ijmer.com
3060 | Page
2. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-3060-3062
ISSN: 2249-6645
Since the general solution of the system of differential equations given by (2.1) is beyond our reach so we restrict ourselves
to the case of circular orbit of the centre of mass of the system in equatorial plane (i = 0) and hence we get from (2.1) on
putting.
1
= 1 , ' 0 and i 0 (for equatorial plane)
1 e cos v
x " 2 y ' 3 x x 4 Ax B
y " 2 x ' y Ay f
z " z z Az
….................. (2.3)
The condition of constraint given by (2.2) takes the form
x2 y 2 z 2 1
................... (2.4)
Thus if inequality sign holds in (2.4) then the motion takes place with loose string and the motion is called free motion. If the
equality sign holds in (2.4), then the motion takes place with tight string and the motion is called constrained motion.
We are actually interested in stability due to constrained motion. Thus, motion takes place on unit sphere given by -
x2 y 2 z 2 1
.................. .(2.5)
Differentiating (2.5), we get
xx1 yy1 zz1 0
................... (2.6)
To obtain Jacobian integral of the problem, we multiply the first, second and third equation of (2.3) by x', y' and z'
respectively and add them together, we get after integrating on using (2.5) and (2.6)
x '2 y '2 z '2 3x2 z 2 5 Ax2 2Bx 2 fy h
................... (2.7)
Which is known as Jacobian integral and can be interpreted as energy equation with modified potential given by
V
1
5A 2
3x 2 z 2
x Bx fy
2
2
................... (2.8)
Differentiating (6) with respect to v, we get
x '2 y '2 z '2 xx " yy " zz "
................... (2.9)
Multiplying the first, second and the third equations of (2.3) by x, y and z respectively and adding we get on using (2.5)
xx " yy " zz " 2 xy ' x ' y 3x 2 z 2 5x 2 1 A Bx fy
Using (2.9) in (2.10), we get
x '2 y '2 z '2 2 xy ' x ' y 5x 2 1 3x 2 z 2 Bx fy .
To simplify (2.7) and (2.8), we use spherical polar coordinate on unit sphere:
x cos cos : y cos sin and z sin
Using (2.12), (2.7) and (2.8) become respectively
................ (2.10)
................. (2.11)
................... (2.12)
'2 '2 cos2 3cos2 1 cos2 5 A cos2 cos2 2B cos cos 2 f cos sin h1
................... (2.13)
Where,
h1 h 1 and
,
V , 3cos2 1 cos2 5 A cos2 cos2 2B cos cos 2 f cos sin
III.
............... (2.14)
PARTICULAR SOLUTION AND STABILITY
For equilibrium positions, (2.14) can be taken as modified potential energy.
The equilibrium positions are given by the stationary values of
v , and hence, we have
V
0
V
0
Differentiating (2.14) partially with respect to
................... (3.1)
................... (3.2)
and using (3.1), we get
Sin = 0 i.e. = 0
Also, we have
........................(3.3)
www.ijmer.com
3061 | Page
3. www.ijmer.com
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-3060-3062
ISSN: 2249-6645
0
V
3cos 0 sin 0 5 A cos 0 sin 0 B sin f cos 0
0
................... (3.4)
For smallest value of 0 , we have from (3.4) on putting cos 0 =1 and sin 0 = 0
0
f
3 5A B
................... (3.5)
Thus, the equilibrium point is given by
= 0 = 0
and
0
f
3 5A B
................... (3.6)
To test the stability to the equilibrium position given by (2.6), we have
0
2V
2 3cos 2 0 1 10 A cos 2 2 B cos 0 2 f sin 0
2
................... (3.7)
0
0
2V
6 cos 2 0 10 A cos 2 0 2 B cos 0 2 f sin 0 .
2
0
.................. (3.8)
and
0
0
2V
2V
0
0
0
................... (3.9)
For equilibrium point given by (3.6) to be stable in the sense of Liapunov, we have to show that
0
2V
2
0
0
2V
0
0
2V
0
>0
0
2V
2
0
................... (3.10)
Using (3.7), (3.8) and (3.9) in (3.10) it can be easily seen that (3.10) is positive if 5A + B < 3. .
Conclusion: we conclude that the equilibrium point
0 0 ;
0
f
3 5A B
is stable in the sense of Liapunov if 5A + B < 3.
REFERENCE
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
V. V. Beletsky, About the relative motion of two connected bodies in orbit, Kosmicheskiye Isseldovania,vol.7, No. 6 (1969),827840(Russian)
R. B. Singh, The three dimensional motion of two connected bodies in an elliptical orbit, Bulletin of Moscow state university,
Mathematic-Mechanics. No.4, 59-64, 1973(Russian)
B. Sharma, The motion of a system of two cable - connected satellites in the atmosphere, Ph.D. Thesis submitted to B.U.
Muzaffarpur. (1974).
S. K. Das, and P. K .Bhattacharya, Effect of magnetic force on the motion of a system of two cable connected satellites in orbit,
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. India. (1976), 287-299
C. P Singh, Motion and stability of inter-connected satellites system in the gravitational field of oblate earth. Ph.D. Thesis
submitted to B.U. Muzaffarpur (1983)
V. Kumar and N. Kumari, Stability of Equilibrium point of the centre of mass of an extensible cable connected satellites system
in case of circular orbit in three dimensional, IJSER,Vol-4,Issue 9, (2013),1802-1808
www.ijmer.com
3062 | Page