The paper was presented international conference in Uinversity of Kerela,Thiruvananthapuram,India regarding Culture,language,anld globalization.February,2008.
Definition....differences...Factors....how does language vary....kinds of social dialect....sociolect in England and Bangladesh..... importance of social class in social dialect.....
Definition....differences...Factors....how does language vary....kinds of social dialect....sociolect in England and Bangladesh..... importance of social class in social dialect.....
Globalization (or globalization) describes the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of political ideas through communication, transportation, and trade.
The term also refers to the transnational circulation of ideas, languages and popular culture.
Globalization…refers to the growing interconnectedness of different parts of the world, a process which gives rise to complex forms of interaction and interdependency
Integrating currency, challenge and cultureZahra Mottaghi
Created by: Tahere Pormooz
Sources:
Mishan, F. (2005). Designing authenticity into language (pp. 44-66). Bristol: intellect. (The pedagogical rationale for authentic texts)
Mishan, F. (2005). Designing authenticity into language (pp. 67-94). Bristol: intellect. (Authentic texts and tasks)
Communicative language teaching must be intercultural. Cross-cultural
communication is not new: as long as people from different cultures have been
encountering one another there has been cross-cultural communication. Nowadays,
however, the growing globalisation of the world’s economic markets, increased
travel opportunities and better communication facilities have created a situation
in which people from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds need to
communicate with each other more often than ever. Although communication
across cultures has become very important in our age, only a few English teachers are aware of the fact that their task is not only to teach English, but they also have to increase their students’ cross-curricular awareness. The teachers of English as a
foreign language have to teach language with a strong wish of education
changing their students’ attitude towards different cultures and different nations.
The Nature of CultureThe Brief DefinitionCulture i.docxcherry686017
The Nature of Culture
The Brief Definition
Culture is that which is learned, shared,
and transmitted
– Learning: we are taught culture, as opposed
to it being instinctual or purely biological
– Shared: culture is a characteristic of groups.
An individual’s learned behaviors are not
cultural unless others share them.
– Transmitted: Cultural behaviors are multi-
generational, often lasting for hundreds or
thousands of years.
A Brief History of Culture
Since Homo habilis, if not before, hominins
have been cultural (over 2 million years)
Culture was, and is a means of adaptation
Culture is, to some extent, a solution to
problems and cultural differences
throughout the world are rooted in different
problems and/or different solutions to
similar problems
Culture is learned
The process of learning culture is called
“Enculturation”
The “Mama Theory”: culture is how your
mama raises you
Human behavior is malleable and any
infant can be enculturated into any culture
Culture is Shared
By definition culture is about groups of people
Those groups can be of varying scales
– Societies: a group of people who interact with each
other on a regular basis
Societies are groups, culture is something that binds them
together
– Smaller groups: ethnic groups, religious groups, kin
groups
– These smaller groups may possess distinctive forms
of behavior, belief, speech, etc. that we can define as
a sub-culture
Sub-Cultures
Sub-cultures always stand in a relationship to
the broader (society-wide) dominant culture
Examples: In greater LA we might
(hypothetically)identify sub-cultures defined by
ethnicity, such as Latino culture, African
American culture, Armenian culture, etc. Each
of these articulates with the others through
intersection with the dominant culture, which,
arguably, is based on Western European
cultural traditions such as the use of English for
most official business.
Culture is transmitted
Learning is transmission, but learning over
generations builds cultural traditions
Not just what is learned, but how it is learned is
part of culture
Sources of learning (agents of enculturation may
include
– Observation
– Oral history
– Formal schools
– apprenticeships
– Public media (TV, movies, advertising, music,
literature)
Culture: The Long definition
Tylor (1871)
– “Culture is that complex whole, which includes
knowledge, belief, art, morals, custom and
any other capabilities acquired by man (sic)
as a member of society
Culture is Integrated
Culture isn’t transmitted piecemeal, but
more commonly as a whole package
Economics, social organization,
subsistence, politics, religion, all fit
together (the key insight of the
functionalist school).
Even when we study aspects of culture in
isolation, it is important to remember the
constitution of the whole
Ethnocentrism and Cultural
Relativism
Ethnocentrism is the belief that your own culture
is su ...
Nowadays, teaching languages has evolved more than ever. This has been the result of many
researches that aimed at simplifying the job of educators and the task of learning. Therefore, in this globalized
world there has been an urgent need to see how language can be taught without threatening the native culture.
In this respects scholars have haggled to find techniques that can help students develop their cultural
awareness. Besides being culturally aware it has been of a great importance to see how language and culture
can mingle in a smooth way so that students can be able to think locally (respect their native culture) but work
globally in a way thatenables them to see both the positive and negative aspects of cultural differences. They
construct their own standpoint by becoming tolerant towards the foreign culture and sovereign to their own.
The use of different english language learning strategies by iranian female u...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
THE USE OF DIFFERENT ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES BY IRANIAN FEMALE UNIVERSITY LEVEL LEARNERS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AS A UNIVERSITY MAJOR BASED ON PERSONALITY TRAITS
THE USE OF DIFFERENT ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES BY IRANIAN FEMALE UNIVERSITY LEVEL LEARNERS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AS A UNIVERSITY MAJOR BASED ON PERSONALITY TRAITS
The prediction use of english language learning strategies based on personali...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
The current study aims to explore the prediction use of English language learning strategies based on personality traits among female university level learners of English language as a university major subject at Islamic Azad University in Iran. Four instruments were used, which were the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) of Rebecca L. Oxfords, A Background Questionnaire, the NEO-Five Factors Inventory (NEO-FFI), and the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Two hundred and thirteen Iranian female students volunteered to participate in this research study. The intact classes were chosen. The obtained results in this study show that the Conscientiousness trait and the Extraversion trait best predicted the overall use of Memory strategies of the students, and the Openness to Experiences trait and the Conscientiousness trait best predicted the overall use of Cognitive strategies, Compensation
strategies, Metacognitive strategies, Affective strategies, and Social strategies of the learners.
Personality traits as predictors of the social english language learning stra...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
The present study aims to find out the role of personality traits in the prediction use of the Social English Language Learning Strategies (SELLSs) for learners of English as a foreign language. Four instruments were used, which were Adapted Inventory for Social English Language Learning Strategies based on Social category of Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) of Rebecca L. Oxfords, A Background Questionnaire, NEO-Five Factors Inventory (NEO-FFI), and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Two hundred and thirteen Iranian female university level learners of English language as a university major in Iran, were volunteer to participate in this research work. The intact classes were chosen. The results show that however, there is a significant relationship between four traits of personality and use of the SELLSs, but personality traits cannot be as a strong predictor to predict use of the SELLSs.
The overall relationships between the use of english language learning strate...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
The current study aims to explore the overall relationships between use of English language learning strategies and personality traits of the female university level learners of English language as a university major. Four instruments were used, which were Adapted Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) of Rebecca L. Oxfords, A Background Questionnaire, NEO-Five Factors Inventory (NEO-FFI), and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Two hundred and thirteen Iranian female University level learners of English language as a university major in Iran were volunteer to participate in this research work. The intact classes were chosen. The obtained results in this study show both types of positive and negative significant relationships at different levels of correlation. In addition, in some cases, there was not any significant relationship between reported frequency of English Language Learning Strategies and personality traits.
The influence of personality traits on the use of memory english language lea...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
The present study aims to find out the influence of personality traits on the choice and use of Memory English Language Learning Strategies (MELLSs) for learners of English as a foreign language, and the role of personality traits in the prediction of use of such Strategies. Four instruments were used, which were Adapted Inventory for Memory English Language Learning Strategies based on Memory category of Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) of Rebecca L. Oxfords (1990), A Background Questionnaire, NEO-Five Factors Inventory (NEO-FFI), and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Two hundred and thirteen Iranian female university level learners of English language as a university major in Iran, were volunteer to participate in this research work. The intact classes were chosen. The results show that however, there is a significant relationship between four traits of personality and the choice and use of MELLSs, but personality traits cannot be as a strong predictor with high percent of contribution to predict the choice and use of the MELLSs.
The Use of different english language learning strategies by iranian female u...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
The Use of Different English Language Learning Strategies by Iranian Female University Level Learners of English Language as a University Major Based on Personality Traits + Ph.D. thesis of seyed hossein fazeli
The role of personality traits in the choice and use of the compensation cate...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
The present study aims to find out the role of personality traits in the prediction choice and use of the Compensatory English Language Learning Strategies (CELLSs) for learners of English as a foreign language. Four instruments were used, which were Adapted Inventory for Compensatory English Language Learning Strategies based on Compensation category of Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) of Rebecca L. Oxfords (1990), A Background Questionnaire, NEO-Five Factors Inventory (NEO-FFI), and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Two hundred and thirteen Iranian female university level learners of English language as a university major in Iran, volunteered to participate in this study. The intact classes were chosen. The results show that however, there is a significant relationship between each of three traits of personality and the choice and use of the cells, but personality traits cannot be a strong predictor to predict the choice and use of the CELLSs.
The exploring nature of methodology in the current studies of language learni...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
There is not a method abandoned as what it might be called a baby-and-bathwater type reaction. Still all the methods have failed to deliver quit the hoped-for miracles. In this way, methodology alone can never be a solution to find what is searching. Rather it is an aid and suggestion. In addition, in the case of methodology, it is true that we are moving in risky area. Research on the related literature of Language Learning Strategies (LLSs) shows that LLSs has a history of only thirty years that is much sporadic (Chamot, 2005a). Recently such strategies have been the focus of specific research (Oxford, 1990), and much of the research was descriptive. The Strategy Inventory for Language Learning(SILL) of Rebecca L. Oxford which is a kind of self-report questionnaire, as an important instrument to measure LLSs, has been used extensively by researchers in many countries, its reliability has been checked in multiple ways, and has been reported as high validity, reliability, and utility(Oxford, 1996a). In the current study, the investigator aims to explore nature of methodology and the use of SILL in the studies of LLSs.
The relationship between the extraversion trait and use of the english langua...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
The present study aims to find out the relationship between the Extraversion trait and use of the English Language Learning Strategies (ELLSs) for learners of English as a foreign language. Four instruments were used, which were Persian adapted Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL), a Background Questionnaire, NEO-Five Factors Inventory (NEO-FFI), and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Two hundred and thirteen Iranian female university level learners of English language as a university major in Iran were the volunteer to participate in this research work. The intact classes were chosen. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the Extraversion trait and use of the each of three of the six categories of ELLSs (Memory Strategies, Meta-cognitive Strategies, and Social Strategies).
The psychometric analysis of the persian version of the strategy inventory fo...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
The current study aims to analyze the psychometric qualities of the Persian adapted version of Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) developed by Rebecca L. Oxford (1990). Three instruments were used: Persian adapted version of SILL, a Background Questionnaire, and Test of English as a Foreign Language. Two hundred and thirteen Iranian female university level learners of English language as a university major were the volunteers to participate in this research work. The intact classes were chosen. The psychometric qualities were tested. All the analyses conducted demonstrated that the SILL was equally valid and reliable to be used in Persian language to measure the Language Learning Strategies.
Use of the metacognitive english language learning strategies based on person...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
The present study aims to find out the relationship between use of the Metacognitive English Language Learning Strategies (MELLSs) for learners of English as a foreign language based on personality traits, and the role of personality traits in the prediction of use of such Strategies. Four instruments were used, which were Adapted Inventory for Metacognitive English Language Learning Strategies based on Metacognitive category of Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) of Rebecca L. Oxfords (1990), A Background Questionnaire, NEO-Five Factors Inventory (NEO-FFI), and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Two hundred and thirteen Iranian female university level learners of English language as a university major in Iran, were asked to participate in this research work. The intact classes were chosen. The results show that however, there is a significant relationship between four traits of personality and use of the MELLSs, but personality traits cannot be as a strong predictor with high percent of contribution to predict use of the MELLSs.
The exploring nature of vocabulary acquisition and common main gaps in the cu...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
Vocabulary can be as a key factor for success, central to a language, and paramount to a
language learner. In such situation, the lexicon may be the most important component for
learners (Grass & Selinker, 1994), and mastering of vocabulary is an essential component of
second/foreign language teaching and learning that has been repeatedly acknowledge in
theoretical and empirical second/foreign language acquisition research. The intent of the current
study is to set out the nature of vocabulary acquisition alongside the expressing importance of
vocabulary acquisition. The importance of the present study is to explore the current studies of
vocabulary in order to find out common main gaps among such studies.
The use and ranking of different english language learning strategies by engl...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
This study aims to rank types of English language learning strategies that are used by Iranian female university level learners of English language as a university major. The results show that except the Metacognitive Strategies category, the mean score for each of the five categories fell in the range of medium strategy use.
The exploring nature of the assessment instrument of five factors of personal...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
The idea which includes the five dimensions of personality has strong dominant in the field of personality studies. In this way, it has enjoyed wide spread popularity in applied organizational context. Although five factors were found in various studies, but its structure has not been accepted generally. The present study aims to explore the current studies regarding nature of five dimensions of personality, its application, its limitations, and the other related characteristics in order to revalue it. The current study confirms the suggested structure of such traits for the study of personality.
The impact of personality traits on the affective category of english languag...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
The present study aims at discovering the impact of personality traits in the prediction use of the Affective English Language Learning Strategies (AELLSs) for learners of English as a foreign language. Four instruments were used, which were Adapted Inventory for Affective English Language Learning Strategies based on Affective category of Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) of Rebecca L. Oxfords (1990), A Background
Questionnaire, NEO-Five Factors Inventory (NEO-FFI), and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Two hundred and thirteen Iranian female university level learners of English language as a university major in Iran, were volunteers to participate in this research work. The intact classes were chosen. The results show that although there is a significant relationship between each of the two traits of personality and use of the AELLSs, personality cannot be a strong predictor with high percentage of contribution to predict use of the AELLSs.
The relationship between the conscientiousness trait and use of the english l...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
The present study aims to find out the relationship between the Conscientiousness trait and English Language Learning Strategies (ELLSs) for learners of English as a foreign language. Four instruments were used, which were Persian adapted Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL), A Background Questionnaire, NEO-Five Factors Inventory (NEO-FFI), and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Two hundred and thirteen Iranian female university level learners of English language as a university major in Iran, were volunteer to participate in this research work. The intact classes were chosen. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the Conscientiousness trait and use of the each of six categories of ELLSs.
The relationship between the neuroticism trait and use of the english languag...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
The present study aims to find out the relationship between the Neuroticism trait and English Language Learning Strategies (ELLSs) for learners of English as a foreign language. Four instruments were used, which were Persian adapted Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL), A Background Questionnaire, NEO-Five Factors Inventory (NEO-FFI), and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Two hundred and thirteen Iranian female university level learners of English language as a university major in Iran, were volunteer to participate in this research work. The intact classes were chosen. The results show that there is significant relationship between the Neuroticism trait and use each of four of the six categories of ELLSs (Memory Strategies, Cognitive Strategies, Metacognitive Strategies, and Social Strategies).
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
Culture,Language,anld Globalization
1. International ConferenceInternational Conference
on Malayalam and Globalizationon Malayalam and Globalization
25-2725-27thth
Feb. 2008, Thiruvananthapuram.Feb. 2008, Thiruvananthapuram.
CULTURE,LANGUAGECULTURE,LANGUAGE
ANDAND
GLOBALIZATIONGLOBALIZATION
SEYED HOSSEIN FAZELI
Department of Linguistics, University of Mysore, Mysore.
Email:fazeli78@yahoo.com
2. OutlineOutline
IntroductionIntroduction
1. The history of vocabulary “Culture”1. The history of vocabulary “Culture”
2. Nature and reality of “culture”2. Nature and reality of “culture”
3. The categories of definitions of “culture”3. The categories of definitions of “culture”
4. Language, thought and culture4. Language, thought and culture
5. Language, Culture and Society5. Language, Culture and Society
6. Language learning6. Language learning
7. Culture, learning and communication7. Culture, learning and communication
8. The analysis of the social content of language teaching and8. The analysis of the social content of language teaching and
learninglearning
9.Globalization9.Globalization
10. Results10. Results
English in GlobalizationEnglish in Globalization
ReferencesReferences
3. IntroductionIntroduction
Importance of relationship of language and cultureImportance of relationship of language and culture
Culture and language are two unseperatable sides of humanCulture and language are two unseperatable sides of human
communication systemcommunication system
A language of one society reflects the culture of that society
Language and culture are inter-linked to each others in various ways
Language is human society’s most precious possession not only
because of its communicative values, but also because language is the
vehicle of culture
Culture is the embodiment of all that a society believes produces
Language becomes an integral part of culture
Language and culture go hand in hand interacting with and shaping
together CONTINUE ……
4. The acquisition of one language is done through or with culture
Society and culture are more than background and even more than
context
Language and society are so inter-linked and so much apart each
other that are cannot be thought of except in relation to the other
Language for the individual is his tool for interaction with community
as well as the community’s tool for interaction with the individual
Language acquiring is just one aspect of acculturation
The two languages are not translation of each others
Globalization in a literal sense is international integration
Globalization can be described as a process by which the people of
the world are unified into single society
The effects of globalization which work to linguistic homogenization
and cultural homogenization is done through modernization,
translation, standardization and the others.
5. 1. The history of word “Culture”1. The history of word “Culture”
Origin of concept “culture”Origin of concept “culture”
It is derived form the classical or may be pre-classical LatinIt is derived form the classical or may be pre-classical Latin
(Cultura)(Cultura)
In 1750, it was used to describe the human society for theIn 1750, it was used to describe the human society for the
first time in Germany languagefirst time in Germany language
In 1871,Tylore defined it as a clear scientific definitionIn 1871,Tylore defined it as a clear scientific definition
In 1926, ”Culture” was added to Webster dictionary (for theIn 1926, ”Culture” was added to Webster dictionary (for the
same meaning)same meaning)
6. 2. Nature and reality of “culture”2. Nature and reality of “culture”
It refers to some “property” of communityIt refers to some “property” of community
culture is something that everybody hasculture is something that everybody has
Material culture and Non-material cultureMaterial culture and Non-material culture
Culture is knowledge includes “know-how “and “how-that”Culture is knowledge includes “know-how “and “how-that”
(1957, Goodenough)(1957, Goodenough)
Cultural knowledge , Shared non-cultural knowledge , Non-Cultural knowledge , Shared non-cultural knowledge , Non-
shared non-cultural knowledge in one societyshared non-cultural knowledge in one society
CultureCulture
is general; however, it is particular.is general; however, it is particular.
is dynamic, however, it is static.is dynamic, however, it is static.
is accepted through force, however, it is free willis accepted through force, however, it is free will
Problems of the study of cultureProblems of the study of culture
7. 3.The categories of3.The categories of definitionsdefinitions of “culture”of “culture”
The Descriptive type-The Descriptive type- The factorial elements of cultureThe factorial elements of culture -Tylor 1871-Tylor 1871
The Traditional typeThe Traditional type- The social heritage or tradition- The social heritage or tradition -Sapir 1921-Sapir 1921
The Normative typeThe Normative type--
The rule or wayThe rule or way -Young 1934-Young 1934
The values and ideasThe values and ideas -Sorokin 1947-Sorokin 1947
The Psychological typeThe Psychological type --
Culture as adjustmentCulture as adjustment -Small 1905-Small 1905
The learningThe learning -Opler 1947-Opler 1947
The habitsThe habits -Murdock 1941-Murdock 1941
The structural type-The structural type- The model, pattern or organization of cultureThe model, pattern or organization of culture
-Willey 1926-Willey 1926
The Genetical type-The Genetical type-
Culture is as a productionCulture is as a production - Falsom 1928- Falsom 1928
The ideas in cultureThe ideas in culture - Ward 1903- Ward 1903
The symbols of cultureThe symbols of culture - Whyite 1943- Whyite 1943
8. 4.Language, though and culture
In language acquisition, cognitive development and linguistic
development, go hand in hand, each interacting with and shaping the
other
Verbal labels can shape the way we store events for later recall
culture as “socially acquired knowledge”
culture is one part of memory
Culture is really an integral part of the interaction between language
and thought
Meanings for every thing, are in the human
9. 5. Language, Culture and Society
The facility of communication and interaction for social
living, is as a result of social being and living in societies as
characteristic of the human
Language does not develop in a vacuum
Language records the cultural history of a community
A language is part of the culture of a people and the chief
means by which the members of a society communicate
Language is component of culture and central network
through which the other components are expressed
Differences in cultural meanings across language are a
problem in learning a new language
Contacting with people of another society, identifies some
characteristics of the behavior ,that show they are as
member of a different society
10. 6. Language learning and teaching
Learning is as “acquiring or getting of knowledge of a
subject or skill by study, experience, or instruction”
The concept of learning, as it is understood today, has been
generally influenced by the psychological study of the
learning process
Teaching is as" showing or helping someone to learn how to
do something, giving instruction, guiding in the study of
something, providing with knowledge, causing to know or
understand”
Your understanding of how the learner learns, will
determine the philosophy of education
11. 7. Culture, learning and communication
To understand some materials and subject in one language,
we should understand the meanings of the culture expressed
by the words of the language
There can be no real learning of a language, without
understanding something of the patterns and values of the
culture of which it is a part
To become truly educated in language, it is necessary to
absorb the full cultural meaning of the target language
Breaking free of the elements meaning units of the learner’s
native language, let him to achieve right communication
through a second language
CONTINUE…
12. If we suppose that:
*M = “Meaning which exists in the mind of
sender of message during the specific
communication, as it is called Communication
A.”
*M′ = “Meaning which consist in the mind
of receiver of message during the specific
communication, as it is called Communication
A.”
**Among the two individuals
communication, one of the below states, will
occur: CONTINUE…
13. State one M'/M=1, Two individuals communicate each
others completely.
State two M'/M=0, Two individuals do not communicate
each each others.
State three M'/M <1, Two individuals communicative each
others, but not completely.
State four M'/M >1, Two results will occur:
A-Complete communication B - Self communication
14. 8. The analysis of the social content of
language teaching and learning
The social content of language learning can be regarded as a set of
factors that is likely to exercise a powerful influence on language
learning
Socio-cultural factors that bear upon motivation
Sociolinguistic and socio cultural factors in learning environment
Importance to the influence of interethnic relations upon ethno-
linguistic attitudes and on language learning
the social opportunities for contact with the second language
Educational frame work in which the teaching normally occurs
15. 9.Globalization
Globalization (generally written with a Z) has been defined
by Giddens as “the intensification of worldwide social
relations which link distant localities in such a way that
local happenings are shaped by events occurring many
miles away and vice versa” (Giddens, 1990)
Globalization in a literal sense is international integration
Globalization can be described as a process by which the
people of the world are unified into single society
Scholars from various disciplines such as sociology,
political, science and geography have perceived
globalization differently and tried to define it from various
angles
CONTINUE…
16. Commodity of chains whereby production is coordinated on
a global scale
Diffusion of practice, values and technology that have an
influence on people’s life world wide
Increasing technological scale and information flow
Increasing broader flow of goods, services, money,
information and culture
we can find some of common concepts like mutual
interdependence, exchange, and sharing the community
around the world in all aspects such as social, economic,
cultural and even linguistic aspects CONTINUE…
17. Although there seems to be a consensus that we are living in
increasingly globalized world, there is by no means agreement about
related issues Compression of space and time, shrinking of world
Globalization has various aspects which affect the world in several
different ways such as:
1.Industrial, 2) Financial, 3) Economic, 4) Political, 5) Informational,
6) Cultural, 7) Social and 8) Ecological
In cultural aspects, there are many international exchanges such as:
1. Spreading of multiculturalism, 2) International travel and tourism,
3) Immigration, 4) formation or development of a set of universal
values, 5) Development of a global telecommunications
infrastructure, 6) Internet, Communication satellites and the other
related tools, 7) Increase in the number of standards applied globally
CONTINUE…
18. Globalization is the emergence that is common cross-
culturally and across national boundaries
The global communication leads to some extent functional
homogenization of culture and language
Homogenization of culture and homogenization of
language, are particularly relevant for translating
globalization as a reality
The active responses of sub-national languages and cultures
to the global force are also very important for their own
survival and progress
19. 10.Results
Language and culture go hand in hand, each interacting with
and shaping together
Language and culture are inter-linked to each others in
various ways
Language is an integral part of culture and the vehicle of
culture
Effects on every one of them, leads to affect the other as it
can to be called directly or indirectly
Globalization, through linguistic homogenization and
cultural homogenization, affects on language and culture as
modernization, translation, standardization and the others
CONTINUE…
20. Globalization’s effects can be positive and negative effects
The homogenization of culture due to globalization process
results in the marginalization of indigenous cultures
However, globalization through cultural homogenization,
can be helpful in the progress and development of the
cultures; if ….
The members of one culture community should try to
maintain their positive aspects of culture and replace
negative aspects of their culture through positive aspects of
globalization
The members of one culture community should aware
about outcomes of globalization
CONTINUE…
21. At the language level , globalization leads to growth of
many countries
The technological and advanced communicational facilities
make the world to shrink and pave way for homogenization
many who believe their mother tongue does not have
universal role , they waste their time to use their mother
tongue or teach it to their children
many others who believe such language (English) is as a
language that can make the world as a peaceful unit world
through understanding same language
CONTINUE…
22. Some ideas as result of globalization and English or any
language with such effect can be dangerous for national,
local languages, specially endangered language which are
understood to be moribund languages
The industrialists, traders and their marketing techniques
play a major role in shaping the languages
It should be mentioned that, in fact the control over the
language is not in the hands of scholar or academic
institutions. It is shaped by the traders and marketing
agencies
23. English in Globalization
English is as a language of communication and official
language in many countries
English is not own language of particular community or
country
Since 1945 (after second world war), English became a
lingua France
More than 2/3 of scientists in the world, write their books
and articles in English
3/4 of letters in the world are written in English
90 percent of all communications in Internet as international
network, is in English
CONTINUE…
24. The education English programs of English radios are used
by more than 150 millions in the world
More than 500 millions of children in elementary schools
and more than 800 hundreds in secondary and high school
(without china) are familiar with English as a second or
foreign language
However, there are some governments’ policies against
English in countries such as France, German, Spain
There are three circles regarding to English first circle, such
as U.S and England, the second circle such as India, which
English has much dominance and it is applied as a second
language and the third circle ,such as china and Russia
which English has special importance as a international
language and for such countries is as first foreign language
CONTINUE…
25. In 1994 , 1/3 of the press in the world, are printed in
countries which English has special importance
In 1995, 110 from 160 of linguistics journals(70 percent)
were printed in English
In 1995, there were 5000 radio station that 45 percent of
them were in countries that English has special role
It is estimated that English film serials in U.S. and England
are watched in more than 120 countries
In 1996, 80 percent of produced films were in English
CONTINUE…
26. 85 percent of incomes of world’s cinemas are for English
production of Hollywood
In countries such as German and France, although, there
are governments’ policies against English, but only, 25
percent of their cinemas incomes are for non-English
movies
In 1990, 549 from 557 of famous music groups act in
English
1156 from 1219 of famous singers, sing in English
language
In 1998, U.S. had the first percentage of income of tourism
(50 milliards dollars )
Around 80 percent of register of information in Internet, is
in English .The users of Internet in 1990 had been one
million and in 1993,Tthey became 20 millions and 40
millions in 1995. It is estimated that in 2020, Such numbers
will be one milliard
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