Cubism was a highly influential early 20th century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture. [1] Cubist artists such as Picasso, Braque, Gris and others depicted subjects from multiple viewpoints rather than a single perspective, breaking up objects into geometric facets and reassembling them in an abstracted form. [2] This new approach was inspired by African tribal art, Cezanne's flattening of forms, and scientific theories of the time challenging the traditional concept of absolute space and time. [3] Cubism had a profound impact on the development of art in the early 20th century, paving the way for further abstraction and revolutionizing how the visual world was

1. Cubism Shu Wei 6 th Hour

2. What is Cubism? 20th century avant-garde art movement Cubist works are broken up, analyzed, and re-assembled instead of depicting objects from one viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a multitude of viewpoints

3. Around that time… Einstein develops theory of special relativity Einstein explains Brownian motion and the Photoelectric effect Third Law of Thermodynamics by Walther Nernst Max Planck develops Quantum Hypothesis in 1900

4. Influences on Cubism African Tribal art Cézanne Gauguin

5. Cézanne - Bibémus quarry http://sammlung-online.museum-folkwang.de/eMuseumPlus?service = ExternalInterface&module = collection&objectId =3039&viewType= detailView Break painted surface into small multifaceted areas of paint, emphasizing the plural viewpoint given by binocular vision simplification of natural forms into cylinders, spheres, and cones.

6. Pablo Picasso First Cubist Painter – created Les Demoiselles d’Avignon Worked with Georges Braque until 1914

7. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon Often called the first Cubist painting Angular and disjointed body shapes. Flat, two-dimensional picture plane.

8. Cubism is Born French Art Critic Louis Vauxcelles coined term “Cubism” – Bizarre Cubiques Ernst Gombrich - "the most radical attempt to stamp out ambiguity and to enforce one reading of the picture—that of a man-made construction, a coloured canvas."

9. Analytic Cubism First phase of Cubism 1909-1912 Monochrome brownish & neutral colors. Took apart objects and “analyzed” them.

10. Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (1910) Kahnweiler -Picasso and Braque’s first art dealer

11. Georges Braque Took influences from Cézanne Worked with Picasso until 1914 Experiment with collage & papier-colle Violin & Candlestick (1910)

12. Juan Gris Major Cubist Painter “ Student” of Picasso Painted with bright colors in the manner of Matisse Portrait of Picasso (1912)

13. Hermetic (High) Cubism Part of Analytic Cubism Painting so abstracted that subject becomes unidentifiable Picasso – Still Life with a Bottle of Rum (1911)

14. Transition to Synthetic Cubism initiated by papiers collés – Glued paper Construction process rather than the analytical process Real-life materials represent “reality” better – closely connected to daily life. Picasso – Three Musicians (1921)

15. Picasso-Still Life with Chair-Caning (1912)

16. Braque - Fruitdish with Glass (1912) Papier collé and charcoal on paper.

17. Gris – The Sunblind (1914)

18. Cubist Sculptures Developed in parallel with Cubist paintings. 1909-early 1920s Style rooted in Cézanne's reduction of objects into planes and geometric solids Major sculptors include Otto Gutfreund, Raymond Duchamp-Villon

19. Gutfreund – Cellist (1912)

20. Duchamp-Villon – The Large Horse (1914)

21. Legacy of Cubism Liberating formal concepts started by Cubism consequently influenced Dada and Surrealism Influential to Artists pursuing abstraction in Europe, Russia, and America