Cubism was an early 20th century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture. Cubism was characterized by the geometric simplification and fragmentation of forms to depict objects from multiple viewpoints and angles in the same image. Key artists of Cubism included Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, and Juan Gris, who developed both Analytical Cubism, using monochrome colors and geometric shapes, and Synthetic Cubism, incorporating materials like newspaper into colorful collages. Cubism had a significant influence on subsequent art movements through its radical reimagining of visual representation.

1. Cubism “ Everything in nature takes its form from the sphere, the cone, and the cylinder.”-Cezanne

2. Definition Cubism: a style of painting and sculpture developed in the early 20th century, characterized chiefly by an emphasis on formal structure, the reduction of natural forms to their geometrical equivalents, and the organization of the planes of a represented object independently of representational requirements.

3. Quick Facts First abstract art style Radical change of renaissance norms of painting Depicted subjects from multiple viewpoints or angles then reassembling it in abstract form. Two major phases: analytical and synthetic

4. African Influence Formal simplification and expressive power Based from African and Iberian sculptures Used earth tones similar to the African masks Large inspiration for Picasso

5. Cezanne influence Taught to break away from technique and concentrate on color and power of single brush stroke Disengages with detail and simplified a painting

6. Key Artists Main Artists: Pablo Picasso George Braque Juan Gris

7. Pablo Picasso 1881-1973 Spanish painter and sculptor

8. George Braque 1882-1963 Influenced by Latisse and the Fauves, then Cezanne and Picasso Worked closely with Picasso Co-creator of Cubism

9. Juan Gris 1887-1927 Didn’t invent, but was a large contributor to cubism Was not as popular as Braque or Picasso More theoretical painter than others

10. Artists to also Note Ferdinand Leger Robert Delaunay Raymond Duchamp-Villon Marcel Duchamp Jacques Villon Jacques Lipchitz

11. Protocubism 1906 Beginning experiments to the start of cubism Lacked spatial depth in order to make images look flatter Intentional distortion of subjects

12. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, Picasso, 1907

13. House at L’Estaque, Braque, 1908

14. Analytical Cubism 1907-1911 Flatter, more consistent and more ambiguous Color Scheme; monochromatic (tan, brown, gray, cream, green, and blue) Emphasis on pictorial structure, not color

15. Portrait of Ambrose Vollard Picasso 1909

16. Girl with Mandolin Picasso 1910

17. Mandora Braque 1909

18. The Portuguese Braque 1911

19. Bread and Fruit Dish Picasso 1909

20. Three Women Picasso 1913

21. Synthetic Cubism 1912-1919 More colorful than analytical and incorporated various extraneous materials Collages and papier colles Included a number of daily household objects Instead of breaking down an object into fragments and then reassembling them, the image was being built up from new elements and shapes

22. Fruit Dish and Glass Braque 1912

23. Still Life with Chair Caning, Picasso, 1912

24. The Guitar Picasso 1913

25. Three Musicians, Picasso, 1921

26. Bottle, Newspaper, Pipe & Glass, Braque, 1913

27. Guitar and Glasses Juan Gris 1912

28. Pears and Grapes on a Table, Gris, 1913

29. Cubist Literature Cubism was adapted into literature especially poetry, by the likes of Guillaune Apollinaire, Max Jacob, Gertrude Stein, and Pierre Reverdy It was destructive of grammar, strange or absent punctuation, free verse, etc.

30. On the coast of Texas Between Mobile and Galveston there is A great big garden overgrown with roses It also contains a villa Which is one great rose Often a woman walks In the garden all alone And when I pass on the lime-tree-bordered road We look at each other Since this woman belongs to the Mennonite sect Her rose trees have no buds and her clothes no buttons There are two missing from my jacket This lady and I are almost of the same religion Annie by Guillaune Apollinaire

31. Cubism’s Effect Expressionists Futurists Dada Constructivism Orphism