Cubism was an early 20th century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture. Cubism was characterized by the geometric simplification and fragmentation of forms to depict objects from multiple viewpoints and angles in the same image. Key artists of Cubism included Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, and Juan Gris, who developed both Analytical Cubism, using monochrome colors and geometric shapes, and Synthetic Cubism, incorporating materials like newspaper into colorful collages. Cubism had a significant influence on subsequent art movements through its radical reimagining of visual representation.