Cubism was an influential early 20th century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture. Led by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, Cubism was characterized by the geometric fragmentation and synthetic reassembly of forms to depict subject matter from multiple viewpoints in the same canvas. Major influences on Cubism included African tribal masks, Cézanne's compositions, and Fauvism. Cubism evolved from an early phase of angular, simplified still life subjects to a later incorporation of collage materials and brighter colors. Key Cubist artists beyond Picasso and Braque included Juan Gris, Fernand Léger, and Jean Metzinger.

1. CUBISM 1907-1921

2. Time Period: Inventions Assembly line was first used in production

3. Time Period: Inventions Seeberger created the modern escalator

4. Time Period: Inventions First radio transmission was sent and Booth invented the vacuum cleaner

5. Time Period: Inventions Wright brothers invented the first motorized airplane

6. Time Period: World Events Great change came about the early 20 th century. There were new inventions, suburbs popped up, the model for the atom was created by Bohr.

7. Time Period: World Events Africa and Asia were controlled by European empires driven by desire for more land and raw materials. This made Europe very wealthy.

8. Time Period: World Events The first silent movie was made and the New York Subway opened

9. Time Period: World Events Along with this many countries like Mexico, Russia and China demanded change bringing about revolutions.

10. Time Period: World Events Einstein theory explains that there is no absolute position, or speed or momentum. To find out how fast something moves or where it is we must explain our answer by comparing two objects.

11. Influences Fauvism was a large influence. The artists of the movement used bright colors and shapes to express themselves Cézanne was a famous fauvist painter at the time. His scenes usually involved simplifying nature. Some of his art had a great impact on cubist artists like Braque and Picasso He was fascinated by the architecture-like form of a mountain and this greatly inspired many of his nature pieces

12. Cézanne’s Art “ All nature is made up of the cone, the cylinder, and the sphere.”

13. Influences A large influence for Picasso was African tribal masks He like many other cubist artists liked their bold shapes, power and energy These masks inspired him to make his first cubist piece, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon This particular mask greatly resembles one of the women’s faces in Picasso’s first painting

14. Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)

15. Blue and Rose Period (1901-1906)

16. Georges Braque (1882-1963)

17. Fauvist Phase

18. The Bond is Formed

19. Cubism Duo “ Picasso and I were like mountaineers roped together.”-Braque

20. Juan Gris (1887-1927)

21. Fernand Léger (1881-1955)

22. Main Goal The goal for Braque and Picasso’s new movement was to create a movement that represented the nature of the modern world. They wanted to show the way people thought and felt at the time. They wanted an art form showed reality so they chose simple objects as their subjects. Thus Cubism was born.

23. Subject Traditional perspective abandoned More immediate surroundings/objects Still Life (many musical instruments) Simple movement, simple subjects

24. Style Angular, geometric shapes Less intricate Muted, distinct colors Rough lines Faceting Brighter colors later Flat objects

25. Early Cubism (1906-1908) Primitive Conceptual not Perceptual Flattened, angular figures De-personalization Geometric shapes

26. Houses at L’estaque Georges Braque (1906)

27. Les Demoiselles D’ Avignon Pablo Picasso (1907)

28. Large Nude Georges Braque (1907-08)

29. Three Women Pablo Picasso (1907-08)

30. High Cubism (1909-1913) Junction of Picasso and Braque Tried to eliminate distinctions among works Picasso tended to be more linear, angular, immediate in presentation Braque more painterly, lyrical, suave and cohesive

31. Still Life Violin and Pitcher Georges Braque (1910)

32. The Poet Pablo Picasso (1911)

33. Dancer in a Café Jean Metzinger (1912)

34. The Wedding Leger (1911-1912)

35. Guitar Pablo Picasso (1912-13)

36. Fruit Dish, Ace of Clubs Braque (1913)

37. Who Made What?

38. Late Cubism (1914-1921) Elements of collage Added to reality of object rather than just depicting it Lightened with color Line and color serve as separate functions Less distortion of perception

39. Woman with a Guitar Braque (1914)

40. Harlequin with Guitar Juan Gris (1918)

41. Guitar and Clarinet Juan Gris (1920)

42. Materials Cubist artists wanted to have their art emphasize the flat canvas, to depict the difference between a painting and reality Cubist artists used paint and other materials like newspaper and fabric (typically used in collages) to give the art texture Early cubist painters used dull, basic paint colors in their pieces, however, later artists like Léger used bright colored paints

43. Weisman Art Museum