1. CUBISM
“One of the most visual art styles of the early twentieth
century.”
metmuseum.org
2. What is Cubism?
“Violin and Jug”
Key Characteristics
•Geometric
•3D
•Conceptual
•Distortion
•Passage
•Multiple views
3. What is Cubism Cont.?
•Created by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque
•Inspired by Paul Cezanne
•Western art was exhausted and needed a change
•Type of realism
•World as is
•Multiple angles
•reconstruct
4. Influences
•Western Art- African Art
-oddly shaped faces~ African
masks
-earth tones~ African sculpture
-wild animals
•Cezanne/ Impressionism
-3 Dimensional form
-geometric forms
-compressed space
“Still life with Apples”
1890-94
Cezanne
5. Influences
•Fauvism
-bright colors
•
-distinct brush strokes-
-power of nature
-thick paint
-challenge science
-focus on emotion
•Neoclassicism
-clean, linear style
-muted color
Romanticism
6. Early
“Maisons a Lestaque”
•analytical
•Beginning works of cubism
7. Analytical
“The Guitar Player”
•analyzed the subject from
many different viewpoints
•Natural toned colors
•Evoked a sense of the
subject
•Deconstructive process
•Appealed to smart
•1912 Picasso and Braque
become predictable
8. Synthetic
“The bowl of fruit”
•Come from analytical
•Constructive process
•Collage
•Decorative
•Appealing
•Bright Colors
•Simple forms
•Easier to interpret
10. Pablo Picasso-Early Life
• Born on October 25, 1881 in
Malaga, Spain.
• His first words were "piz, piz" for
lapiz which means pencil in
Spanish.
• FUN FACT: His full name is Pablo
Diego José Francisco de Paula
Juan Nepomuceno María de los
Remedios Cipriano de la
Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y
Picasso.
11. Pablo Picasso- Early Life
• Went to the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona at age 14 and the
Royal Academy of San Fernando in Madrid at age 16
• Soon became frustrated because of the schools' focus on
classical subjects and techniques
• Began skipping classes to wander the city and paint what he
observed- gypsies, beggars, prostitutes, etc
13. Pablo Picasso and Cubism
“Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
• Des Demoiselles means
prostitutes
• Sharp angles influenced by
African art
• Analytical cubism
15. Pablo Picasso
“The Three Musicians”
• Synthetic cubism
• Flat Patterns
• Brightly colored
• Abstract shapes
• Lines, Planes, Arcs
16. Pablo Picasso and Cubism
• considered the pioneer of Cubism with Georges Braque
• his painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon was the turning point to
Cubism
• Picasso used ideas of faceting from Georges Braque to create a
very abstract style
• Picasso's cubism always involved three-dimensionality unlike
many Cubist artists
17. Georges Braque
•Trained to be a house painter & decorator
•Studied at Ecole de Beaux- Arts 1897-1899
•Apprenticed with a decorator
•Went to Academie Humbert till 1904 to paint
•Went to Antewerp and Le Harve to paint
•Works in Salon des Independants
18. Georges Braque
•Early works are impressionistic
•1905 went to fauvism
•1907 was under the influence of Paul
Cezanne
•1909 began to work closely with Picasso
20. Georges Braque
“”Woman with Guitar””
•Under Paul Cezanne influence
•Salon d’ Automne impacted direction avant
garde took leads to cubism
•Studied means of painters
21.
22. Georges Braque
•1911 started using letters and numbers
•Interested in geometry and simultaneous
perspective
•Paintings to look both flat and 3D
•Attention to nature of illusion and representation
23. Juan Gris
At his prime in 1912-1915
•Born in Spain
•Escuela de Artes y Manufacturas in Madrid
(1902-1904)
•Moved to France to work on art (19 yr old)
•Illustrator
“Juan Gris”
1915 by
Amedeo Modgliani
•Became friends with Picasso
25. Juan Gris
“The Third Cubist”
•Dense
•Sense of surface
•Clear image
•Lines & edges blend
•Mostly still life “Still Life With Oil Lamp”
1912 by Juan Gris
“
•Not monochromatic
26. Juan Gris
•Painted Synthetic Cubism
•Most visual characteristics of
Cubist technique
-precision
-line
-shape
-bold color
“Still Life with Open Window, Rue
Ravignan”
1915
Juan Gris
28. Juan Gris
“Cezanne turns a bottle into a
cylinder, but I begin with a
cylinder & create an individual
of a special type: I make a
bottle- a particular bottle- out
of a cylinder.”
-Gris 1921
“Still life with Siphon”
1913
By Juan Gris
31. Fernand Léger- Early Life
• Born on February 4, 1881 in Argentan,
France
• He was not encouraged to be an artist
until he began showing talent for drawing
• He went to architecture school, Ecole des
Arts Decoratifs, Academie Julian and the
Ecole des Beaux-Arts
• He studied many trades of art and
worked as an architect and photograph
re-toucher
32. Fernand Léger and Cubism
• His paintings from 1905 to 1907 were impressionistic
• When he discovered Cézanne, he devoted himself to Cubism
• At the 1911 Salon des Independents, Léger showed his works
and became recognized as a major Cubism artist
• After being recruited in the army and returning with head wounds,
Léger began painting about social issues and justice
36. Raymond Duchamp-Villon
“Horse”
• Brother of Marcel Duchamp
• Used Cubist ideas in
architecture
• Works also lead to futurism
• Was killed in WW1
37. Influenced
Marc Franz – swirling geometric
forms with bright color
Matisse – boldly silhouetted
shapes, darker colors, arcs
“Mlle Yvonne Landsberg”
1914
Matisse
38. Influenced
Mondrian Piet- still life,
patterns of staccato,
vertical & horizontal
patterns, occasional
arcs, pastel colors
•Didn’t work with
anyone
“Broadway Boogie Woogie”
1943
Piet
39. Influenced
•Futurism- concepts of the future
•Suprematism- basic geometric
forms
•Constructivism-artistic and
architectural philosophy
1915 Kasimir Malevich
41. Criticism
•Word originated from Louis Vauxcelles
•Said it came from Braque’s mentor Matisse, “petites cubes“
•Picasso let Braque come out first to take all the criticism
•Couldn’t relate to it
•Didn’t like it because angular and cubic
42. Criticism
“Femme en Pleurs”
•Vulgar and chaotic
•Socially unacceptable
•Outraged by subject matter
•resembled "a field of broken
glass."
43. "Art is a lie that
makes us realize
the truth"
~Pablo Picasso
Editor's Notes
early
analytical
synthetic
late
His name has 20 words!
-very large painting: 2 meters wide and high -painted in the style of synthetic cubism -Picasso paints the musicians made up of flat, brightly colored, abstract shapes in a boxlike, hollow room -left to right: Pierrot (blue and white suit), Harlequinn (orange and yellow), Friar (black robe) -Pierrot is a French pantomime, Harlequinn is a type of clown -also a dog near the pierrot -hard to tell where one figure ends and one figure starts -painting emphasizes lively colors, angular shapes, and flat patterns -subject is transformed into planes, lines, and arcs
-Braque faceted things in nature -Picasso didn't facet nature but used the geometry of the faceting to create a very abstract style -went back to traditional ideas
“ Terrace of Hotel Mistral ” 1907 “ Terrace of Hotel Mistral ” 1907
-the soldiers made up of geometric shapes- the bodies look un-human and machine-like -the hollow gray shapes and no facial expressions, only recognizable by the metals -first glance everything looks alright, but when you look again you realize that the people are not complete forcing you to look again and think about the meaning behind the aesthetics of the painting - separation from familiar shapes- shows detachment of soldiers from the world -mostly gray but the yellow, blue, and red add color to the painting but overall the theme is still dark and gloomy -Leger focused on the the senselessness of war rather than the violence and destruction caused by it -meaning is up to the viewer- idea behind cubism- look at things in many viewpoints and perspectives
-dissected objects into abstract shapes -reduces forms to their geometric shapes and integrates space -mechanical motion- lead to futurism -his ideas couldn’t be fully recognized/ realized
