Cubism developed in two stages between 1907-1914: Analytic Cubism and Synthetic Cubism. Analytic Cubism shattered objects into geometric forms and removed color, while Synthetic Cubism reintroduced color through techniques like papier collé and collage. The main Cubist artists were Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, who depicted objects from multiple perspectives and blurred the lines between art and reality. They were influenced by Paul Cézanne's retrospective in 1907 and sought to represent 3D objects on a 2D surface in a new way.

1. Cubism
c.1907-
c. 1914

2. Stages of Cubism…
• Analytic Cubism (1908–11)
• Synthetic Cubism (1912–24)

3. Analytic Cubism:
• Objects are shown from many viewpoints at
once so that solid forms are shattered.
• They become fractured, geometric shapes
compressed into a sliver of space and flattened
against the canvas.
• Space is treated as if it were a solid, tangible
mass.
• Confusion is enhanced because colour is
removed and everything is painted in browns
and greys with a few fragmented black outlines.
• Addition of stenciled text towards the end of
Analytic Cubism.

4. Synthetic Cubism:
• Was developed c.1912
• Colour was re-introduced with two technical
innovations called papier collé and collage.
– Papier collé involves sticking coloured paper onto the
canvas and was invented by Braque.
– Collage was subsequently developed by Picasso and
involved including all kinds of material such as
newspaper or fabric in the painting. Both techniques
bridged the gap between art and life by sticking bits of
the real world onto the canvas.
• They also drew attention to the fact that a
painting it is a flat object and blurred the line
between painting and sculpture.

5. Cubist Artists
Main Players Followers
• Pablo Picasso (after c.1910)
• Georges Braque • Juan Gris
• Robert Delaunay
• Marcel Duchamp
• Le Fauconnier
• Metzinger

6. Influences…
Cézanne had a huge
retrospective of his
work in Paris, 1907 –
seen by Picasso.
Braque already
working in l'Estaque
region.

7. The Basics behind Cubism…
• On the left and right
are two different
perspectives of the
cube at the top.
• On the bottom is a
combination of the
two perspectives,
producing a strange-
looking geometric
form.

8. Pablo Picasso
‘Les Demoiselles d’Avignon’, 1907

9. George Braque
‘House at L'Estaque’ 1908

10. "M. Braque scorns form and reduces
everything, sites, figures and houses, to
geometric schemas and cubes.”
Louis Vauxcelles on the opening of the
Salon d’Automne, 1908.

11. Georges Braque
‘Landscape at La Ciotat [ Paysage
à La Ciotat]’, Summer 1907

12. Pablo Picasso
‘Three Women’, 1907

13. George Braque
‘Large Nude’, 1908

14. Georges Braque
‘Viaduct at L'Estaque’
[Paris, early 1908]

15. Pablo Picasso
‘Three Women’, 1907-1908

16. Georges Braque
Fruit Dish [Paris, Winter] 1908-09

17. Pablo Picasso
‘Seated Woman (Seated Nude)’,
1909

18. Georges Braque
‘Roche Guyon’, 1909

19. Pablo Picasso
‘Reservoir at Horta’
Horta de Ebro, Summer 1909

20. Georges Braque
‘Violin and Palette’, Autumn 1909

21. Pablo Picasso
‘Portrait of David-Henry
Kahnweiler’, 1910

22. Georges Braque
‘Bottle and Fishes’
[L'Estaque, autumn 1910]

23. Pablo Picasso
‘The Guitar Player’, 1910

24. Pablo Picasso
‘Portrait of Wilhelm Uhde’, 1910

25. Pablo Picasso
‘Ambroise Voilard’, 1910

26. Georges Braque
‘Piano and Mandola (Piano et
mandore)’, winter 1909–10 ’

27. Georges Braque
‘Le Portugais’, 1911

28. Pablo Picasso
‘Ma Jolie’, 1911

29. Pablo Picasso
‘Accordionist’, 1911

30. George Braque
‘Le Gueridon’, 1911

31. Albert Gleizes
‘Paysage’, 1911

32. Juan Gris
‘Jar, Bottle and Glass’, 1911

33. Jean Metzinger
‘Aldeia’, 1912

34. Georges Braque
‘Still Life with a Violin’, Autumn 1912

35. Pablo Picasso
‘Still Life with Chair-Caning’
Paris, [May] 1912

36. Pablo Picasso
‘Student with Pipe’, 1913

37. Pablo Picasso
‘Violin and Guitar’, 1913

38. Juan Gris
‘L’Homme au Café’, 1912

39. Juan Gris
‘Glass of Beer and Playing Cards’
1913

40. Pablo Picasso
‘Pipe, Glass, Bottle of Vieux Marc’,
Spring 1914

41. Juan Gris
‘Breakfast’, 1914

42. Georges Braque
‘Woman with Guitar’, 1914

43. Juan Gris
‘Still-Life (Fantomas)’, 1915

44. Juan Gris
‘Still Life in Front of an Open
Window: Place Ravignan’, 1915

45. Juan Gris
‘Glasses and Newspaper’, 1914

46. Juan Gris
‘Mandolin’, 1919

47. Léger and Delaunay
A little distraction….

48. Robert Delaunay
Eiffel Tower Series, 1910-11

49. Fernand Léger
‘The Smokers’,1911-1912

50. Fernand Léger
‘Contrasting Forms’,1913

51. And Finally…
• 1924 marks the end of the Cubist Epoch –
although Gris remained a Cubist until his
death – even though is health faded.
• Braque’s work was too personal for any
category.
• Picasso moves into a more surreal phase
through his ‘Three Dancers’ painting.