Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, & Cubism
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Cubism developed in two stages between 1907-1914: Analytic Cubism and Synthetic Cubism. Analytic Cubism shattered objects into geometric forms and removed color, while Synthetic Cubism reintroduced color through techniques like papier collé and collage. The main Cubist artists were Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, who depicted objects from multiple perspectives and blurred the lines between art and reality. They were influenced by Paul Cézanne's retrospective in 1907 and sought to represent 3D objects on a 2D surface in a new way.
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Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, & Cubism
- 1. Cubism c.1907- c. 1914
- 2. Stages of Cubism… • Analytic Cubism (1908–11) • Synthetic Cubism (1912–24)
- 3. Analytic Cubism: • Objects are shown from many viewpoints at once so that solid forms are shattered. • They become fractured, geometric shapes compressed into a sliver of space and flattened against the canvas. • Space is treated as if it were a solid, tangible mass. • Confusion is enhanced because colour is removed and everything is painted in browns and greys with a few fragmented black outlines. • Addition of stenciled text towards the end of Analytic Cubism.
- 4. Synthetic Cubism: • Was developed c.1912 • Colour was re-introduced with two technical innovations called papier collé and collage. – Papier collé involves sticking coloured paper onto the canvas and was invented by Braque. – Collage was subsequently developed by Picasso and involved including all kinds of material such as newspaper or fabric in the painting. Both techniques bridged the gap between art and life by sticking bits of the real world onto the canvas. • They also drew attention to the fact that a painting it is a flat object and blurred the line between painting and sculpture.
- 5. Cubist Artists Main Players Followers • Pablo Picasso (after c.1910) • Georges Braque • Juan Gris • Robert Delaunay • Marcel Duchamp • Le Fauconnier • Metzinger
- 6. Influences… Cézanne had a huge retrospective of his work in Paris, 1907 – seen by Picasso. Braque already working in l'Estaque region.
- 7. The Basics behind Cubism… • On the left and right are two different perspectives of the cube at the top. • On the bottom is a combination of the two perspectives, producing a strange- looking geometric form.
- 8. Pablo Picasso ‘Les Demoiselles d’Avignon’, 1907
- 9. George Braque ‘House at L'Estaque’ 1908
- 10. "M. Braque scorns form and reduces everything, sites, figures and houses, to geometric schemas and cubes.” Louis Vauxcelles on the opening of the Salon d’Automne, 1908.
- 11. Georges Braque ‘Landscape at La Ciotat [ Paysage à La Ciotat]’, Summer 1907
- 12. Pablo Picasso ‘Three Women’, 1907
- 13. George Braque ‘Large Nude’, 1908
- 14. Georges Braque ‘Viaduct at L'Estaque’ [Paris, early 1908]
- 15. Pablo Picasso ‘Three Women’, 1907-1908
- 16. Georges Braque Fruit Dish [Paris, Winter] 1908-09
- 17. Pablo Picasso ‘Seated Woman (Seated Nude)’, 1909
- 18. Georges Braque ‘Roche Guyon’, 1909
- 19. Pablo Picasso ‘Reservoir at Horta’ Horta de Ebro, Summer 1909
- 20. Georges Braque ‘Violin and Palette’, Autumn 1909
- 21. Pablo Picasso ‘Portrait of David-Henry Kahnweiler’, 1910
- 22. Georges Braque ‘Bottle and Fishes’ [L'Estaque, autumn 1910]
- 23. Pablo Picasso ‘The Guitar Player’, 1910
- 24. Pablo Picasso ‘Portrait of Wilhelm Uhde’, 1910
- 25. Pablo Picasso ‘Ambroise Voilard’, 1910
- 26. Georges Braque ‘Piano and Mandola (Piano et mandore)’, winter 1909–10 ’
- 27. Georges Braque ‘Le Portugais’, 1911
- 28. Pablo Picasso ‘Ma Jolie’, 1911
- 30. George Braque ‘Le Gueridon’, 1911
- 32. Juan Gris ‘Jar, Bottle and Glass’, 1911
- 33. Jean Metzinger ‘Aldeia’, 1912
- 34. Georges Braque ‘Still Life with a Violin’, Autumn 1912
- 35. Pablo Picasso ‘Still Life with Chair-Caning’ Paris, [May] 1912
- 36. Pablo Picasso ‘Student with Pipe’, 1913
- 37. Pablo Picasso ‘Violin and Guitar’, 1913
- 38. Juan Gris ‘L’Homme au Café’, 1912
- 39. Juan Gris ‘Glass of Beer and Playing Cards’ 1913
- 40. Pablo Picasso ‘Pipe, Glass, Bottle of Vieux Marc’, Spring 1914
- 42. Georges Braque ‘Woman with Guitar’, 1914
- 43. Juan Gris ‘Still-Life (Fantomas)’, 1915
- 44. Juan Gris ‘Still Life in Front of an Open Window: Place Ravignan’, 1915
- 45. Juan Gris ‘Glasses and Newspaper’, 1914
- 47. Léger and Delaunay A little distraction….
- 48. Robert Delaunay Eiffel Tower Series, 1910-11
- 51. And Finally… • 1924 marks the end of the Cubist Epoch – although Gris remained a Cubist until his death – even though is health faded. • Braque’s work was too personal for any category. • Picasso moves into a more surreal phase through his ‘Three Dancers’ painting.