The document covers the importance of technical drawing in industry, specifically focusing on flowcharts as a tool for illustrating processes and making decisions. It explains the elements of flowcharts, their symbols, and how to create and interpret them effectively to improve productivity. Additionally, the document outlines various chart types, including linear and deployment flowcharts, and emphasizes the importance of analyzing processes to identify areas for improvement.

1. PREPARING AND
INTERPRETING TECHNICAL
DRAWING
BY MS. SHAINA MARIE D. DOTIMAS,
LPT
TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION 9

2. TLE – ICT 9
TECHNICAL DRAWING
www.reallygreatsite.com
BY CLAUDIA ALVES
Technical drawing is essential for communicating
ideas in industry and engineering. To make the
drawings easier to understand, people use familiar
symbols, perspectives, units of measurement, notation
systems, visual styles, and page layout.

3. WHAT IS A FLOWCHART
A flowchart is a diagram that depicts a process,
system or computer algorithm. These are normally in
the form of a decision tree which gradually focuses on
a solution based on the criteria set. The usefulness of
your flowchart depends on how you manage the
problems that are answerable using a simple
True/False solution. A well-crafted flowchart can
shorten the problem solving time.

5. When to use a Flow Chart?
Flowchart is a very simple yet powerful tool to
improve productivity in both our personal and work
life. Here are some ways flowchart can be helpful:
• Document a process
• Present a solution
• Brainstorm an idea
• Design a system
• Explain a decision
making process
• Store information

6. What are the Basic Symbols of Flowchart?
A flowchart consists of elements, such as the terminator,
process, sub process, decision, arrow lines, and connectors.

7. What are the Basic Symbols of Flowchart?

8. What are the Basic Symbols of Flowchart?

9. HOW TO CREATE
FLOW CHART?

10. HOW TO CREATE FLOW CHART?
1. Identify Tasks. You must list all the tasks in a process
in chronological order. Consider the following
questions as your guide:
a. What happens next in the process?
b. Do you need to make a decision before the
next step?
c. What approvals are required before you move
on to the next task?

11. HOW TO CREATE FLOW CHART?
2. Organize and
Document Tasks.
3. Test

12. OTHER ELEMENTS OF A TECHNICAL
DRAWING

13. OTHER THAN A FLOWCHART, THERE ARE SEVERAL
ELEMENTS THAT YOU CAN STILL USE TO REPRESENT
YOUR PROCESS FLOWS, SUCH AS:
Schematic diagram
Layout Plan
Loop diagram
Chart
Block diagram

14. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

16. THERE ARE FOUR
COMMON CHARTS:

17. HISTOGRAM
is a graphical
representation of the
distribution of
numerical data.
BAR CHART
is a graphical
representation of
grouped data

18. PIE CHART
is a graphical representation of
quantifiable data represented by a
sectioned circle much like a pie
that’s been cut with the slices
varying in size.
LINE CHART is a graphical
representation of information as a
series of data points connected by
line segments.

19. BLOCK DIAGRAM
is a specialized type of
flowchart. It represents an
encompassing view of major
process steps, including the
relationships and interfaces.
LAYOUT PLAN is a tool to arrange a
workplace, like in a plant, organization,
or computer laboratory in your school.
It shows how the computers should be
located and arranged properly
according to specifications like the size
of the room and number of units to be
installed.

20. A LOOP DIAGRAM aids you visualizing how items in a system are
interrelated. It consists of a set of nodes that represents the item, and
edges that each represents a connection between two items.

21. INTERPRET
TECHNICAL
DRAWING

22. SIMPLE REMINDER IN USING A FLOWCHART:
There is no such thing as a proper way of constructing
a flowchart. What’s important is how the people
involved understand the process.
Involve only the key people in the flowcharting
process.
A technical expert is not necessary to draw a
flowchart. It should be you who performs the process.
There a lots of free flowcharting software that you
can use.

23. MISTAKE-PROOFING
In japan, where the work
ethic is admired worldwide,
mistake-proofing is known as
poka-yoke (PO-ka yo-KAY). It is
simply a system that reduces
mistakes and in Flowchart
instances when an error does
occur, it is quickly identified and
addressed.

24. HOW DO YOU INTERPRET FLOWCHARTS?
A flowchart will help you understand your process and uncover
ways to improve it only if you use it to analyze what is happening.
Interpreting your flowchart will help you to:
Determine who is involved in the process.
Form theories about root causes.
Identify ways to streamline the process.
Determine how to implement changes to the process.
Locate cost-added-only steps.
Provide training on how the process works or should work.

25. BELOW IS A SEQUENCE OF STEPS THAT WILL HELP YOU THROUGH AN
ORDERLY ANALYSIS OF YOUR FLOWCHART.
STEP 1 - EXAMINE EACH PROCESS STEP FOR THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS THAT
INDICATE A NEED TO IMPROVE THE PROCESS:
 Bottlenecks. These points in the process where it slows down may be
caused by redundant or unnecessary steps, rework, lack of capacity, or
other factors.
 Weak links. These are steps where problems occur because of
inadequate training of process workers, equipment that needs to be
repaired or replaced, or insufficient technical documentation. "Inform
the drill leader and improvise" is one of the weak links.
 Poorly defined steps. Steps which are not well-defined may be
interpreted and performed in a different way by each person involved,
leading to process variation. "Improvise" is a poorly defined step in the
weak link cited above.

26. STEP 2 - EXAMINE EACH DECISION SYMBOL.
You may want to collect data on how often there is a "yes" or "no"
answer at decision points marked by a diamond shaped symbol. If
most decisions go one way rather than the other, you may be able to
remove this decision point.
STEP 3 - EXAMINE EACH REWORK LOOP.
Processes with numerous checks generate rework and waste.
Examine the activities preceding the rework loop and identify those
that need to be improved. Look for ways to shorten or eliminate the
loop.
STEP 4 – EXAMINE EACH ACTIVITY SYMBOL.
Does the step help build a key quality characteristic into the end
product? If not, consider eliminating it.

27. MAIN TYPES OF FLOWCHARTS NAMELY , LINEAR,
DEPLOYMENT, AND OPPORTUNITY.
1. Linear Flowchart.
A linear flowchart is a diagram that displays the sequence of work
steps that make up a process. This tool can help identify rework and
redundant or unnecessary steps within a process.
2. Deployment Flowchart.
A deployment flowchart shows the actual process flow and identifies
the people or groups involved at each step. Horizontal lines define
customer-supplier relationships. This type of chart shows where the people
or groups fit into the process sequence, and how they relate to one
another throughout the process.

28. HOW DO WE CONSTRUCT A LINEAR FLOWCHART?
Following are the seven steps for developing a linear flowchart
1. Define the process to be flowcharted, and the purpose for
flowcharting it.
2. Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart—those
operators, technicians, or office workers who are actually
involved in the process.
3. Establish process boundaries—the starting and ending points.
 Identify the major activities or sub processes that are included
in the process.
 Determine what is not included in the scope of the process to
remove any doubt or confusion about the boundaries. This
may also help establish the scope of related processes.

29. HOW DO WE CONSTRUCT A LINEAR FLOWCHART?
Following are the seven steps for developing a linear flowchart
4. List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted. If your team is
not sure about a step, mark it to be investigated later.
5. Put the steps in chronological sequence. Sometimes it's easier to
start with the last step and work back to the first step.
6. Assign flowchart symbols such as boxes, diamonds, and triangles.
7. Review and title the Flowchart.

31. Define the
process and
the purpose
Assemble the right people
Establish process boundaries
Are the steps
in sequence?
Assign flowchart symbols
Review and label flowchart
Put steps in sequence

32. THANK YOU
WARNER & SPENCER
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