Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced in the brain by modified ependymal cells in the choroid plexus and surrounding blood vessels. It acts as a cushion and protects the brain, removes waste, and maintains homeostasis. CSF contains more sodium than potassium and some lymphocytes. The blood-brain barrier regulates substances entering the brain and consists of tight junctions between endothelial cells and surrounding astrocytes.

1. Dr. Sarita Sharma
Associate Professor
MMCP, MMDU

3.  Cerebrospinal fuid ( CSF) is the clear,
colorless and transparent body fluid found in
1) subarachnoid space
2) ventricles of brain
3) central canal of spinal cord.
 The volume of the entire cavity which enclosed
the brain & spinal cord is approx. 1600ml &
about 150 ml of this volume is occupied by
CSF.
 It is the part of extra cellular fluid (ECF).

4.  It is produced in the choroid plexuses of
the ventricles of the brain.
 choroid plexuses consists of modified ependymal
cells.
 glial cell
(neuroglia)include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes,
ependymal cells and microglia,
 and in the peripheral nervous system glial cells
include Schwann cells and satelite cells.

5. CSF is produced in the brain by modified ependymal cells in
the choroid plexus (approx. 50-70%), and the remainder is
formed around blood vessels and along ventricular walls.

6.  CSF contains more amount of
sodium than potassium.
 Some lymphocytes.

8.  CSF is formed by choroid plexuses,
situated with in the ventricles.
 Choroid plexuses are bunch of capillaries
present inside the ventricles.
 A large amount of CSF is formed in the
lateral ventricles.

12.  Protects, lubricates the brain
 Provides nutrients, removes waste
90-150 ml adult
10-60 ml in newborn
 Modulates pressure changes (Buoyancy)
 Serves as a chemical buffer to maintain
constant ionic environment
 Serves as a transport medium for nutrients
and metabolites, endocrine substances and
even neurotransmitters

14.  Physiological barrier to flow of substances
from blood to brain tissue
 The BBB functions to preserve a stable
environment for neurons of the CNS
 BBB consists mainly of tight junction that seal
together the endothelial cells of blood brain
capillaries & a thick basement membrane that
surrounds the capillaries.

16.  Tight junctions
 Surrounded by astrocytes(glial cells)
 Carrier mediated transport of glucose and amino
acids

17.  Lipid soluble molecules will cross easily.
 Injury or inflammation
decreases the resistance of BBB (allows some
antibiotics to be used for treatment)