CRYPTORCHIDISM.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•39 views
Cryptorchidism is the retention of one or both testes in the abdomen or inguinal canal. It has an incidence of 1-4.6% in full term males and higher in preterm infants. The exact cause is unknown in most cases but may be due to genetic and environmental factors. Diagnosis involves physical exam and imaging like ultrasound or MRI. Treatment is usually surgical orchidopexy between 6-18 months of age to lower risks of infertility, trauma, torsion, and malignancy. Surgical techniques depend on location of the undescended testis and include inguinal, scrotal, open or laparoscopic procedures. Prognosis is generally good but risks of reduced fertility and
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Undescended Testis- Cryptorchidism
1. Undescended testis, or cryptorchidism, occurs when one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. This is a common genital abnormality in boys.
2. Cryptorchidism increases the risks of infertility and testicular cancer later in life. The failure of testes to descend properly can lead to degeneration of germ cells and impaired sperm production.
3. Treatment involves hormone therapy or surgery to bring the undescended testes into the scrotum. This is done to preserve fertility and reduce cancer risks. Timely treatment is important for normal testicular development.
Staghorn calculus – etiology, diagnosis, management
This document discusses staghorn calculi, which are large infection stones that fill the renal pelvis and calyces. It covers the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentation, evaluation, and various treatment modalities for staghorn calculi. The primary treatment is percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), which has stone-free rates of around 80% but risks include injury to adjacent organs and sepsis. Other options include extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, open surgery, dissolution therapy, antibiotics, urease inhibitors, urinary acidification, and dietary modification, but PCNL generally provides the best chance of complete stone clearance.
ANORECTAL-MALFORMATIONS.pptx
This document discusses anorectal malformations, which are congenital anomalies of the anus and rectum. It notes their incidence and embryological basis. It describes historical treatments and Alberto Pena's contributions, including developing the posterior sagittal anorectoplasty technique. The document outlines classifications of anorectal malformations and their associated anomalies. It discusses principles of management, including investigation, surgery, and outcomes, with 75% of patients achieving voluntary bowel movements after posterior sagittal anorectoplasty.
Undescended Testis (UDT)
Undescended testis, or cryptorchidism, refers to the absence of one or both testes from the normal scrotal position. It occurs in 1-4% of full-term and 1-45% of preterm newborn boys. The specific cause is often unknown, but risk factors include prematurity and maternal estrogen exposure. Diagnosis involves examination to locate any undescended testes. Early surgical treatment before age 18 months is recommended to preserve fertility and reduce cancer risks. Options include inguinal or abdominal orchidopexy. Long term risks include reduced sperm counts and increased testicular cancer risk.
Abortion and postabortal care
This presentation covers an introduction to Abortion, classification, etiologies, clinical types, diagnostic criteria and basic management.
At the end its a detailed discussion of Post abortion management.
Tuberculosis of genital tract presentation
Genital tuberculosis is a disease commonly affecting young women between 20-40 years old. It occurs secondary to a primary focus, usually in the lungs, lymph nodes, or other organs. The fallopian tubes are involved in 90-100% of cases. Diagnosis involves investigations like histopathology of endometrial samples, PCR testing, laparoscopy, and treatment involves a standard 6 month course of antitubercular drugs along with surgery in some cases. Prognosis for fertility is poor with only 10% regaining fertility and 50% experiencing ectopic pregnancies. Physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for genital TB in cases of unexplained infertility, recurrent pelvic infections, or pelvic masses
Shoulder dystocia 2021
Contact Me
Telegram: https://t.me/OBGYN_Note_Book Or https://t.me/Hanybal2021
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/obgyn.books
Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/bjlomsecond
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXyr7omX-DZ8cTixpQeYvcQ/videos
Email: bjlomsecond@gmail.com
Priapism
Priapism is a prolonged, often painful erection unrelated to sexual stimulation. The document defines and discusses the types, causes, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and treatment challenges of priapism. Specifically, it distinguishes between ischemic (low-flow) priapism caused by failure of venous outflow, and nonischemic (high-flow) priapism caused by unregulated arterial inflow. Sickle cell disease and medications are common causes and prolonged ischemia can lead to erectile dysfunction due to corporal fibrosis.
Recommended
Undescended Testis- Cryptorchidism
1. Undescended testis, or cryptorchidism, occurs when one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. This is a common genital abnormality in boys.
2. Cryptorchidism increases the risks of infertility and testicular cancer later in life. The failure of testes to descend properly can lead to degeneration of germ cells and impaired sperm production.
3. Treatment involves hormone therapy or surgery to bring the undescended testes into the scrotum. This is done to preserve fertility and reduce cancer risks. Timely treatment is important for normal testicular development.
Staghorn calculus – etiology, diagnosis, management
This document discusses staghorn calculi, which are large infection stones that fill the renal pelvis and calyces. It covers the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentation, evaluation, and various treatment modalities for staghorn calculi. The primary treatment is percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), which has stone-free rates of around 80% but risks include injury to adjacent organs and sepsis. Other options include extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, open surgery, dissolution therapy, antibiotics, urease inhibitors, urinary acidification, and dietary modification, but PCNL generally provides the best chance of complete stone clearance.
ANORECTAL-MALFORMATIONS.pptx
This document discusses anorectal malformations, which are congenital anomalies of the anus and rectum. It notes their incidence and embryological basis. It describes historical treatments and Alberto Pena's contributions, including developing the posterior sagittal anorectoplasty technique. The document outlines classifications of anorectal malformations and their associated anomalies. It discusses principles of management, including investigation, surgery, and outcomes, with 75% of patients achieving voluntary bowel movements after posterior sagittal anorectoplasty.
Undescended Testis (UDT)
Undescended testis, or cryptorchidism, refers to the absence of one or both testes from the normal scrotal position. It occurs in 1-4% of full-term and 1-45% of preterm newborn boys. The specific cause is often unknown, but risk factors include prematurity and maternal estrogen exposure. Diagnosis involves examination to locate any undescended testes. Early surgical treatment before age 18 months is recommended to preserve fertility and reduce cancer risks. Options include inguinal or abdominal orchidopexy. Long term risks include reduced sperm counts and increased testicular cancer risk.
Abortion and postabortal care
This presentation covers an introduction to Abortion, classification, etiologies, clinical types, diagnostic criteria and basic management.
At the end its a detailed discussion of Post abortion management.
Tuberculosis of genital tract presentation
Genital tuberculosis is a disease commonly affecting young women between 20-40 years old. It occurs secondary to a primary focus, usually in the lungs, lymph nodes, or other organs. The fallopian tubes are involved in 90-100% of cases. Diagnosis involves investigations like histopathology of endometrial samples, PCR testing, laparoscopy, and treatment involves a standard 6 month course of antitubercular drugs along with surgery in some cases. Prognosis for fertility is poor with only 10% regaining fertility and 50% experiencing ectopic pregnancies. Physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for genital TB in cases of unexplained infertility, recurrent pelvic infections, or pelvic masses
Shoulder dystocia 2021
Contact Me
Telegram: https://t.me/OBGYN_Note_Book Or https://t.me/Hanybal2021
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/obgyn.books
Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/bjlomsecond
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXyr7omX-DZ8cTixpQeYvcQ/videos
Email: bjlomsecond@gmail.com
Priapism
Priapism is a prolonged, often painful erection unrelated to sexual stimulation. The document defines and discusses the types, causes, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and treatment challenges of priapism. Specifically, it distinguishes between ischemic (low-flow) priapism caused by failure of venous outflow, and nonischemic (high-flow) priapism caused by unregulated arterial inflow. Sickle cell disease and medications are common causes and prolonged ischemia can lead to erectile dysfunction due to corporal fibrosis.
Testicular Torsion - Pediatrics Surgery
Definition
Anatomy Review (Bell-Clapper Anomaly)
Pathophysiology
Types
History & Physical Examination
Diagnosis & Management
Ectopic ureter & ureterocoele
This document discusses ectopic ureters and ureteroceles. Some key points:
1. Ectopic ureters and ureteroceles are congenital abnormalities that occur due to abnormal development of the ureter and urinary tract.
2. Clinical presentations can include urinary tract infections, incontinence, pain, and obstruction. Evaluation involves ultrasound, voiding cystourethrogram, nuclear scans, and possibly MRI.
3. Management depends on factors like obstruction, reflux, and renal function. Options include observation, acute decompression, definitive surgery like reimplantation, and in some cases total reconstruction or upper pole nephrectomy. Complications
Anorectal malformation
Anorectal malformations are developmental deformities of the lower end of the alimentary tract that occur due to arrest in embryonic development between weeks 4-12. They range from minor abnormalities like anal stenosis to major ones where there is no anal opening. Surgical correction depends on type and aims to reconstruct bowel continuity. Post-operative care focuses on perineal care, feeding, bowel habits and prevention of complications like infection and obstruction. Prognosis is good for most, with majority achieving bowel control.
Congenital ureteropelvic (upj) obstruction
This document provides an overview of congenital ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. It begins with definitions and epidemiology, noting it is the most common cause of antenatally detected hydronephrosis. The pathophysiology section describes how partial or complete obstruction of urine flow at the UPJ can lead to hydronephrosis. Causes may be intrinsic stenosis or extrinsic compression at the UPJ. Clinical presentation varies from incidental finding to symptoms like urinary tract infections. Diagnosis involves imaging like ultrasound and diuretic renography. Management options include conservative observation or surgical interventions like open or laparoscopic pyeloplasty depending on severity.
Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine and can be caused by decreased outlet resistance, increased detrusor pressure, or abnormal communication in the bladder. It is classified as stress, urge, mixed, or overflow incontinence based on the precipitating event. Evaluation involves history, physical exam, urinalysis, bladder diary, and potentially tests like urodynamic studies. Stress urinary incontinence is caused by urethral hypermobility or intrinsic sphincter deficiency and can be treated conservatively or with surgical options like slings or bulking agents. Urge incontinence is characterized by a strong sense of urgency and is often due to detrusor overactivity, which can
Urinary tract infections during pregnancy
Urinary tract infections during pregnancy can cause complications if left untreated. There are several types of urinary tract infections that can occur, including asymptomatic bacteriuria, acute cystitis, and acute pyelonephritis. Left untreated, these infections have been linked to adverse outcomes like preterm birth and low birth weight. Proper diagnosis involves urine testing and culture. Treatment involves antibiotics, hydration, and pain medications when needed. Screening is important for detecting asymptomatic infections which can later cause issues if not treated.
Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney & Urinary Tract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent a broad range of disorders that result from developmental abnormalities of the lower urinary tract, urinary collecting system, disrupted embryonic migration of the kidney(s), or abnormal renal parenchymal development.
Despite significant variation in phenotype and clinical implications, CAKUT shares a common genetic basis and molecular signaling that affect kidney development.
Anorectal malformations
This document provides an overview of anorectal malformations. It begins with an anatomical description of anal canal development. It then discusses the epidemiology and etiology of anorectal malformations. The document classifies anorectal malformations and describes associated comorbidities. It outlines approaches for clinical evaluation, diagnosis and surgical management. Surgical correction depends on whether the malformation is high or low. The newest surgical technique described is posterior sagittal anorectoplasty.
Biliary atresia lulu
Biliary atresia is a condition where the bile ducts inside and outside the liver are scarred and blocked. This prevents bile from draining from the liver to the small intestine. It usually appears in infants within the first 2 months of life with jaundice, pale stools, and liver enlargement. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging, and biopsy. The standard treatment is the Kasai procedure to reconstruct bile drainage, but transplantation may be needed for advanced scarring. Life-long monitoring is required as complications can include infections, bleeding, and liver failure.
Cryptochordism - Rivin
1. Undescended Testis : Along the normal path, but not reached scrotum.
2. Retractile Testis : Hyperreflexic Cremaster
3. Ectopic Testis : Deviation from normal path of descent
Absence of testis in scrotum since birth
Hemiscrotum empty, hypoplastic
genito urinary disorders medical surgical ii
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It discusses their structure and function in maintaining homeostasis by filtering blood and producing urine. Assessment methods for the urinary system like urinalysis, urine culture, and radiographic procedures like intravenous urograms are also outlined. The document further discusses acid-base balance and imbalances like acidosis. Treatment for acidosis aims to reverse the underlying disorder and administer sodium bicarbonate and fluids intravenously.
Cystic diseases of the kidney in children
Cystic kidney diseases in children can be genetic or non-genetic in origin. Genetic causes include autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), juvenile nephronophthisis, and glomerulocystic kidney disease. Non-genetic causes include simple cysts, multicystic dysplastic kidney, acquired cysts, and caliceal cysts. Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality used for diagnosis. ARPKD is the most severe genetic cause, occurring in 1 in 50,000, and is characterized by cystic dilatation of the collecting tubules affecting both kidneys
Priapism ppt
Priapism is a prolonged, unwanted erection that continues hours beyond sexual stimulation. There are two main types: ischemic (low-flow) priapism which is painful and involves little blood flow out of the penis, and non-ischemic (high-flow) priapism which is painless and involves an abnormal connection allowing high arterial inflow. Ischemic priapism is a medical emergency requiring aspiration of blood from the penis and injection of medications to induce detumescence within 4-6 hours to prevent permanent erectile dysfunction. Treatment options depend on duration and include aspiration, intracavernosal injections of medications, or surgical shunting if conservative measures fail.
Congenital genito urinary disorders
Congenital genitourinary disorders are birth defects of the kidneys and urinary tract that occur in about 3-6 per 1000 live births. Some common disorders include renal agenesis, hydronephrosis, posterior urethral valves, hypospadias, and Wilm's tumor. Symptoms vary depending on the specific disorder but can include urinary tract infections, blood in the urine, pain, and kidney failure. Treatment involves surgery to correct structural abnormalities, antibiotics to treat infections, and chemotherapy for Wilm's tumor. Nursing care focuses on monitoring the child, preventing infections, providing comfort, and educating parents.
COLPOSCOPY.pptx
colposcopy is one of the preventive and diagnostic test for cancer. it can be helpful in detecting many pre cancerous and cancerous lesions of cervix.
ectopic pregnancy
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes. Risk factors include previous pelvic inflammatory disease, IUD use, and assisted reproductive technologies. Patients often present with amenorrhea, abdominal pain, and vaginal bleeding. Diagnosis is suggested by transvaginal ultrasound showing no intrauterine pregnancy and a positive pregnancy test. Serum hCG levels that are rising slower than expected or falling can also indicate an ectopic pregnancy. Treatment involves surgery or medication depending on the stability of the patient. Without treatment, an ectopic pregnancy can rupture the fallopian tube causing life-threatening internal bleeding.
undescended testis
This document discusses undescended testis (cryptorchidism). It covers the embryology of testicular descent, factors that can affect descent, clinical features of undescended testis, risks of not treating (e.g. infertility, trauma), and surgical techniques for orchiopexy including for unilateral versus bilateral cases. It also briefly discusses hypospadias, including characteristic features and treatment with urethroplasty surgery.
Urinary obstruction pathophysiology
This document discusses urinary obstruction, including its pathophysiology, causes, effects on renal physiology and function, histological changes, clinical impact, and renal recovery after relief of obstruction. It provides an overview of how urinary obstruction can lead to permanent kidney damage depending on the severity, chronicity, and baseline kidney condition. Both unilateral and bilateral obstruction are examined, along with the triphasic response and changes in renal blood flow, filtration, and tubular transport that occur.
Paralytic ileus
Paralytic ileus is the inability of the intestines to conduct peristalsis, which can lead to obstruction. It most often occurs after surgery but can be caused by inflammation, electrolyte abnormalities, or spinal fractures. Symptoms include colicky abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, and constipation. Diagnostic tests like CT scans and x-rays are used, and treatment focuses on resting the bowel with NPO, IV fluids for hydration, and sometimes NG tube placement. Patient education emphasizes reporting changes in symptoms and the importance of treatment compliance.
LABOUR MONITORING BY PARTOGRAPH BY DR SHASHWAT JANI
This document discusses the use of a partograph to monitor labor. It begins by explaining the importance of monitoring during labor to detect problems early. It then describes the components of the partograph including patient identification, fetal condition, labor progress, and maternal condition. The document outlines how to use the partograph to assess cervical dilation, descent of the fetal head, contractions and other metrics against alert and action lines to monitor labor progress and make decisions about interventions or transfers.
Seminar prenatal genetic screening
This document discusses prenatal diagnosis techniques. It notes that congenital defects can be anatomical or functional, and caused by preconception or postconception factors. Prenatal diagnosis evaluates fetuses at high risk for genetic/congenital disorders, common abnormalities, or those with ultrasound findings. Noninvasive techniques include ultrasound and MRI, while invasive techniques include amniocentesis, CVS, and cordocentesis. Diagnostic findings are confirmed through karyotyping, FISH, MLPA, CGH, and sequencing.
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
This document summarizes gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), which includes abnormal placental growth after pregnancy. GTD includes complete and partial molar pregnancies, invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, and other rare types. Risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnostic workup, classification, management of persistent GTD, and chemotherapy protocols are described. Prognostic scoring systems and tumor markers like beta-hCG are also discussed.
More Related Content
What's hot
Testicular Torsion - Pediatrics Surgery
Definition
Anatomy Review (Bell-Clapper Anomaly)
Pathophysiology
Types
History & Physical Examination
Diagnosis & Management
Ectopic ureter & ureterocoele
This document discusses ectopic ureters and ureteroceles. Some key points:
1. Ectopic ureters and ureteroceles are congenital abnormalities that occur due to abnormal development of the ureter and urinary tract.
2. Clinical presentations can include urinary tract infections, incontinence, pain, and obstruction. Evaluation involves ultrasound, voiding cystourethrogram, nuclear scans, and possibly MRI.
3. Management depends on factors like obstruction, reflux, and renal function. Options include observation, acute decompression, definitive surgery like reimplantation, and in some cases total reconstruction or upper pole nephrectomy. Complications
Anorectal malformation
Anorectal malformations are developmental deformities of the lower end of the alimentary tract that occur due to arrest in embryonic development between weeks 4-12. They range from minor abnormalities like anal stenosis to major ones where there is no anal opening. Surgical correction depends on type and aims to reconstruct bowel continuity. Post-operative care focuses on perineal care, feeding, bowel habits and prevention of complications like infection and obstruction. Prognosis is good for most, with majority achieving bowel control.
Congenital ureteropelvic (upj) obstruction
This document provides an overview of congenital ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. It begins with definitions and epidemiology, noting it is the most common cause of antenatally detected hydronephrosis. The pathophysiology section describes how partial or complete obstruction of urine flow at the UPJ can lead to hydronephrosis. Causes may be intrinsic stenosis or extrinsic compression at the UPJ. Clinical presentation varies from incidental finding to symptoms like urinary tract infections. Diagnosis involves imaging like ultrasound and diuretic renography. Management options include conservative observation or surgical interventions like open or laparoscopic pyeloplasty depending on severity.
Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine and can be caused by decreased outlet resistance, increased detrusor pressure, or abnormal communication in the bladder. It is classified as stress, urge, mixed, or overflow incontinence based on the precipitating event. Evaluation involves history, physical exam, urinalysis, bladder diary, and potentially tests like urodynamic studies. Stress urinary incontinence is caused by urethral hypermobility or intrinsic sphincter deficiency and can be treated conservatively or with surgical options like slings or bulking agents. Urge incontinence is characterized by a strong sense of urgency and is often due to detrusor overactivity, which can
Urinary tract infections during pregnancy
Urinary tract infections during pregnancy can cause complications if left untreated. There are several types of urinary tract infections that can occur, including asymptomatic bacteriuria, acute cystitis, and acute pyelonephritis. Left untreated, these infections have been linked to adverse outcomes like preterm birth and low birth weight. Proper diagnosis involves urine testing and culture. Treatment involves antibiotics, hydration, and pain medications when needed. Screening is important for detecting asymptomatic infections which can later cause issues if not treated.
Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney & Urinary Tract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent a broad range of disorders that result from developmental abnormalities of the lower urinary tract, urinary collecting system, disrupted embryonic migration of the kidney(s), or abnormal renal parenchymal development.
Despite significant variation in phenotype and clinical implications, CAKUT shares a common genetic basis and molecular signaling that affect kidney development.
Anorectal malformations
This document provides an overview of anorectal malformations. It begins with an anatomical description of anal canal development. It then discusses the epidemiology and etiology of anorectal malformations. The document classifies anorectal malformations and describes associated comorbidities. It outlines approaches for clinical evaluation, diagnosis and surgical management. Surgical correction depends on whether the malformation is high or low. The newest surgical technique described is posterior sagittal anorectoplasty.
Biliary atresia lulu
Biliary atresia is a condition where the bile ducts inside and outside the liver are scarred and blocked. This prevents bile from draining from the liver to the small intestine. It usually appears in infants within the first 2 months of life with jaundice, pale stools, and liver enlargement. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging, and biopsy. The standard treatment is the Kasai procedure to reconstruct bile drainage, but transplantation may be needed for advanced scarring. Life-long monitoring is required as complications can include infections, bleeding, and liver failure.
Cryptochordism - Rivin
1. Undescended Testis : Along the normal path, but not reached scrotum.
2. Retractile Testis : Hyperreflexic Cremaster
3. Ectopic Testis : Deviation from normal path of descent
Absence of testis in scrotum since birth
Hemiscrotum empty, hypoplastic
genito urinary disorders medical surgical ii
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It discusses their structure and function in maintaining homeostasis by filtering blood and producing urine. Assessment methods for the urinary system like urinalysis, urine culture, and radiographic procedures like intravenous urograms are also outlined. The document further discusses acid-base balance and imbalances like acidosis. Treatment for acidosis aims to reverse the underlying disorder and administer sodium bicarbonate and fluids intravenously.
Cystic diseases of the kidney in children
Cystic kidney diseases in children can be genetic or non-genetic in origin. Genetic causes include autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), juvenile nephronophthisis, and glomerulocystic kidney disease. Non-genetic causes include simple cysts, multicystic dysplastic kidney, acquired cysts, and caliceal cysts. Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality used for diagnosis. ARPKD is the most severe genetic cause, occurring in 1 in 50,000, and is characterized by cystic dilatation of the collecting tubules affecting both kidneys
Priapism ppt
Priapism is a prolonged, unwanted erection that continues hours beyond sexual stimulation. There are two main types: ischemic (low-flow) priapism which is painful and involves little blood flow out of the penis, and non-ischemic (high-flow) priapism which is painless and involves an abnormal connection allowing high arterial inflow. Ischemic priapism is a medical emergency requiring aspiration of blood from the penis and injection of medications to induce detumescence within 4-6 hours to prevent permanent erectile dysfunction. Treatment options depend on duration and include aspiration, intracavernosal injections of medications, or surgical shunting if conservative measures fail.
Congenital genito urinary disorders
Congenital genitourinary disorders are birth defects of the kidneys and urinary tract that occur in about 3-6 per 1000 live births. Some common disorders include renal agenesis, hydronephrosis, posterior urethral valves, hypospadias, and Wilm's tumor. Symptoms vary depending on the specific disorder but can include urinary tract infections, blood in the urine, pain, and kidney failure. Treatment involves surgery to correct structural abnormalities, antibiotics to treat infections, and chemotherapy for Wilm's tumor. Nursing care focuses on monitoring the child, preventing infections, providing comfort, and educating parents.
COLPOSCOPY.pptx
colposcopy is one of the preventive and diagnostic test for cancer. it can be helpful in detecting many pre cancerous and cancerous lesions of cervix.
ectopic pregnancy
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes. Risk factors include previous pelvic inflammatory disease, IUD use, and assisted reproductive technologies. Patients often present with amenorrhea, abdominal pain, and vaginal bleeding. Diagnosis is suggested by transvaginal ultrasound showing no intrauterine pregnancy and a positive pregnancy test. Serum hCG levels that are rising slower than expected or falling can also indicate an ectopic pregnancy. Treatment involves surgery or medication depending on the stability of the patient. Without treatment, an ectopic pregnancy can rupture the fallopian tube causing life-threatening internal bleeding.
undescended testis
This document discusses undescended testis (cryptorchidism). It covers the embryology of testicular descent, factors that can affect descent, clinical features of undescended testis, risks of not treating (e.g. infertility, trauma), and surgical techniques for orchiopexy including for unilateral versus bilateral cases. It also briefly discusses hypospadias, including characteristic features and treatment with urethroplasty surgery.
Urinary obstruction pathophysiology
This document discusses urinary obstruction, including its pathophysiology, causes, effects on renal physiology and function, histological changes, clinical impact, and renal recovery after relief of obstruction. It provides an overview of how urinary obstruction can lead to permanent kidney damage depending on the severity, chronicity, and baseline kidney condition. Both unilateral and bilateral obstruction are examined, along with the triphasic response and changes in renal blood flow, filtration, and tubular transport that occur.
Paralytic ileus
Paralytic ileus is the inability of the intestines to conduct peristalsis, which can lead to obstruction. It most often occurs after surgery but can be caused by inflammation, electrolyte abnormalities, or spinal fractures. Symptoms include colicky abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, and constipation. Diagnostic tests like CT scans and x-rays are used, and treatment focuses on resting the bowel with NPO, IV fluids for hydration, and sometimes NG tube placement. Patient education emphasizes reporting changes in symptoms and the importance of treatment compliance.
LABOUR MONITORING BY PARTOGRAPH BY DR SHASHWAT JANI
This document discusses the use of a partograph to monitor labor. It begins by explaining the importance of monitoring during labor to detect problems early. It then describes the components of the partograph including patient identification, fetal condition, labor progress, and maternal condition. The document outlines how to use the partograph to assess cervical dilation, descent of the fetal head, contractions and other metrics against alert and action lines to monitor labor progress and make decisions about interventions or transfers.
What's hot (20)
Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney & Urinary Tract
Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney & Urinary Tract
LABOUR MONITORING BY PARTOGRAPH BY DR SHASHWAT JANI
LABOUR MONITORING BY PARTOGRAPH BY DR SHASHWAT JANI
Similar to CRYPTORCHIDISM.pptx
Seminar prenatal genetic screening
This document discusses prenatal diagnosis techniques. It notes that congenital defects can be anatomical or functional, and caused by preconception or postconception factors. Prenatal diagnosis evaluates fetuses at high risk for genetic/congenital disorders, common abnormalities, or those with ultrasound findings. Noninvasive techniques include ultrasound and MRI, while invasive techniques include amniocentesis, CVS, and cordocentesis. Diagnostic findings are confirmed through karyotyping, FISH, MLPA, CGH, and sequencing.
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
This document summarizes gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), which includes abnormal placental growth after pregnancy. GTD includes complete and partial molar pregnancies, invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, and other rare types. Risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnostic workup, classification, management of persistent GTD, and chemotherapy protocols are described. Prognostic scoring systems and tumor markers like beta-hCG are also discussed.
Ectopic pregnancy
This document provides information on ectopic pregnancy, including its definition, types, risk factors, diagnosis, and management. Some key points:
- Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes. It can seriously endanger a woman's health if not promptly recognized and treated.
- Risk factors include previous pelvic inflammatory disease, previous ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and certain contraceptive methods. Diagnosis involves clinical history, examination, ultrasound, and beta-hCG levels.
- Management options depend on the clinical situation and include expectant management for stable patients, medical management using methotrexate, and surgical management including laparoscopy
Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases (GTD).pptx
Gestational trophoblastic disease, GTD, incidence,risk factors, Etiology,complete mole,partial mole,clinical features, diagnosis,differential diagnosis,complications, management,follow up
gestationaltrophoblasticneoplasia-120504132331-phpapp01 (2).pdf
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is abnormal growth of placental trophoblasts beyond pregnancy that includes complete and partial hydatidiform moles, invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, and other rare types. GTD is diagnosed based on symptoms like vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and constitutional symptoms as well as lab tests and imaging. Treatment involves evacuation of the uterus followed by chemotherapy or other treatments depending on the type and severity of GTD. Close monitoring of hCG levels is also important for detecting and managing persistent or metastatic GTD.
GTN.pdf
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is abnormal growth of placental trophoblasts beyond pregnancy that includes complete and partial hydatidiform moles, invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, and other rare types. GTD is diagnosed based on symptoms like vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and constitutional symptoms as well as lab tests and imaging. Treatment involves evacuation of the uterus followed by chemotherapy or other treatments depending on the type and severity of GTD. Strict follow up of hCG levels is needed to monitor for persistent or metastatic GTD.
GTT.pdf
Gestational trophoblastic disease is a heterogeneous group of lesions arising from abnormal placental trophoblast proliferation. It includes premalignant conditions like complete and partial hydatidiform moles, as well as malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). GTN has varying potential for local invasion and metastasis. While rare, GTN is highly curable even in widespread disease. Treatment involves chemotherapy, with single or multi-agent regimens depending on risk factors and disease stage according to the FIGO scoring system. Careful monitoring of beta-hCG levels is important for diagnosis and follow-up. Prognosis is generally good but depends on disease characteristics and response to initial treatment.
Gestational trophoblastic diseases
Gestational trophoblastic disease is a heterogeneous group of lesions arising from abnormal placental trophoblast proliferation. It includes premalignant conditions like complete and partial hydatidiform moles, as well as malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). GTN has varying potential for local invasion and metastasis. While rare, GTN is highly curable even with widespread dissemination. Treatment involves chemotherapy, with single or multi-agent regimens depending on risk factors and disease stage according to the FIGO scoring system. Careful monitoring of beta-hCG levels is important for diagnosis and follow-up.
Pradeep 2 2 2016
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is abnormal placental growth that can continue after pregnancy. It includes complete and partial hydatidiform moles, invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, and other rare types. Complete moles have no fetus and abnormal chorionic villi, while partial moles have some normal fetal tissue. Treatment involves evacuation of the uterus followed by monitoring of HCG levels to detect persistent trophoblastic disease, which may require chemotherapy. GTD has varied presentations depending on location of metastases, which most commonly occur in the lungs, vagina, and other sites.
Undescended testis
Gaurav Nahar discusses undescended testis (cryptorchidism). Cryptorchidism occurs when one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. It has a prevalence of 1-4% in full term males and 1-45% in preterm males. Testicular descent is a complex process involving hormonal and mechanical factors. Cryptorchidism can be congenital, acquired, or syndromic. Evaluation involves history, exam to locate any undescended testes, and sometimes imaging or labs. Treatment is usually surgical orchidopexy to position testes in scrotum.
Hirschsprung Disease - Approach & Management
Hirschsprung Disease. - A developmental Disorder of Intrinsic Component of Enteric Nervous System.
Also known Congenital Megacolon.
This Presentation deals with The eitology, presentation, diagnosis, medical and surgical management & complications of the same.
Undescended Testis
Undescended testis, or cryptorchidism, is a common condition in infants where one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. It occurs in approximately 3% of term male infants and is more common in premature infants. Left untreated, undescended testis can lead to infertility and an increased risk of testicular cancer. The standard treatment is orchidopexy surgery to bring the testis into the scrotum, which is usually performed between 6-12 months of age. For intra-abdominal undescended testes, a two-stage surgical approach may be used.
GTD June2020.pptx
gestational trophoblastic disease is discussed in its basic knowledge update to enable undergraduate students help understand the disease, diagnose and treat GTD. also enables to follow and detect complications and malignant transformation of molar pregnancy. single drug and multiple dose chemotherapy depending on staging of the disease and related complications & side effects discussed.
Hirschsprung
Hirschsprung disease is a developmental disorder characterized by the absence of ganglia in the distal intestine, resulting in functional obstruction. It is caused by a defect in the migration of neural crest cells during development. This leaves the distal intestine unable to relax and pass stool. Symptoms include delayed passage of meconium in newborns and chronic constipation in older children. Diagnosis is made through rectal biopsy showing lack of ganglion cells. Treatment involves surgically removing the aganglionic segment and reconnecting the bowel.
Ectopic gestation
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes. Symptoms can include abdominal pain and bleeding. Diagnosis is made through ultrasound and beta-hCG blood tests. Treatment depends on the location and stability of the patient, and may include surgery, medication with methotrexate, or expectant management. Complications can include tubal rupture in 20-30% of cases.
gtt.pptx
This document provides information on gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs), which include a heterogeneous group of lesions arising from abnormal placental trophoblast proliferation. It discusses the classification, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of GTDs. Key points include: GTDs can be premalignant or malignant (gestational trophoblastic neoplasia/GTN); common premalignant types are complete and partial hydatidiform moles; GTN has varying potential for local invasion and metastasis; combination chemotherapy is recommended for high-risk GTN while single agent chemotherapy is used for low-risk GTN; long-term beta-hCG monitoring is important for follow-up.
Cryptochidism
Cryptorchidism refers to an undescended or maldescended testis. It occurs in 3% of full-term newborn boys, decreasing to 1% in boys aged 1 year. Risk factors include prematurity, low birth weight, twinning, and maternal estrogen exposure. Treatment is recommended at age 1, as spontaneous descent after this age is rare. Surgical exploration, known as orchidopexy, is required to bring undescended testes into the scrotum. Complications can include inadequate positioning, testicular atrophy, or accidental division of the vas deferens.
Ectopic pregnancy
This document discusses ectopic pregnancy, which occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube. It presents risks to a woman's health. Ectopic pregnancies are often caused by factors that delay the transit of the fertilized egg through the fallopian tubes. Diagnosis can be made through a combination of clinical history, examination, and investigations like ultrasound and blood tests. Early diagnosis through increased awareness and diagnostic tests has lowered the risks associated with ectopic pregnancies.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) is a birth defect where abdominal organs protrude into the chest cavity due to a hole in the diaphragm. It occurs in about 1 in 3,000 births and is more common in females. The cause is unknown but may involve genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms include respiratory distress. Diagnosis is made via prenatal ultrasound or postnatal chest x-ray. Treatment involves respiratory support, surgery to repair the diaphragm, and managing complications such as pulmonary hypertension. Prognosis depends on factors like presence of other anomalies and severity of lung hypoplasia.
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease.ppt
Gestational trophoblastic disease is a spectrum of disorders resulting from abnormal placental growth and invasion. It includes hydatidiform moles (80% of cases), which can be complete or partial, as well as gestational trophoblastic neoplasias like invasive moles (12-15% of cases) and choriocarcinoma (5-8% of cases). Treatment involves surgical evacuation for moles, with chemotherapy if the mole persists or spreads malignantly. Chemotherapy regimens depend on the risk level, with single agent treatment for low risk and multi-agent protocols for high risk metastatic or drug resistant tumors. Prognosis is generally good even for metastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplas
Similar to CRYPTORCHIDISM.pptx (20)
gestationaltrophoblasticneoplasia-120504132331-phpapp01 (2).pdf
gestationaltrophoblasticneoplasia-120504132331-phpapp01 (2).pdf
More from IrfanNashad1
Classification of surgical wounds based on contamination
Wounds are classified into four categories based on their cleanliness and risk of infection. Class I wounds are clean and uninfected. Class II wounds are clean-contaminated and enter respiratory, alimentary, genital, or urinary tracts under controlled conditions. Class III wounds are contaminated with acute inflammation. Class IV wounds are dirty and infected with devitalized tissue.
Introduction to general surgery and history of general surgery
This document provides an introduction to surgery, including definitions of key terms like indication, types of incisions and wounds. It discusses the different types of wounds that can occur like open wounds from surgery, burns or bites, and closed wounds under intact skin. The document also outlines factors that affect wound healing and different types of dressings that can be used, including absorbent, nonadherent, occlusive and medicated dressings.
Surgical options for different Pleural Diseases
This document discusses various pleural diseases including pleural effusion, empyema, and chylothorax. It begins by defining the pleura and pleural space. For pleural effusion, it describes the types (hydrothorax, haemothorax, pyothorax), causes, signs and symptoms, investigations including thoracentesis, and treatments including drainage, pleurodesis, and surgery. For empyema, it covers definition, causes, pathogenesis, complications, investigations and criteria for diagnosis, and treatments including antibiotics, drainage, decortication, and thoracoplasty. For chylothorax, it defines it as chyle in the pleural space due to thoracic
modified green method irsa.pptx
Sprengel shoulder deformity is a congenital condition where the scapula is elevated above its normal position. The modified Green method is a surgical treatment that involves an osteotomy of the clavicle, detaching the supraspinatus and trapezius muscles, excising the omovertebral bar, releasing all attached muscles, reducing the scapula to a normal position, and suturing the muscles back together.
_Split appendix presentation.pptx
This document describes a case study of a 3-year-old girl from Peshawar, Pakistan who presented with urinary and fecal incontinence due to a history of meningomyelocele repair as an infant. Investigations revealed a bladder infection which was treated. Cystoscopy showed a trabeculated bladder with wide ureteric openings and normal bladder neck coaptation. She was initially managed conservatively but later underwent a split appendix procedure where the appendix was used to create both a Mitrofanoff channel for clean intermittent catheterization and a Monti channel for antegrade enemas to manage her neurogenic bowel and bladder. Follow up after 3 months found her to be clean and dry with
TYPES OF WOUND HEALING by Mishal Khan.pptx
There are three main types of wound healing: primary intention, secondary intention, and tertiary intention. Primary intention involves closing clean wounds with sutures, leading to rapid healing and a neat scar. Secondary intention involves leaving wounds open to heal, resulting in a longer healing time and larger scar. Tertiary intention involves initially leaving contaminated wounds open to clean before later closure, aiming to prevent chronic inflammation and scarring. Complications can include hypertrophic scarring, keloids, contractures, wound dehiscence, adhesions, and infection.
Lower limb deformities.pptx
This document summarizes several lower limb deformities:
Coxa vara is a hip deformity where the femoral neck angle is reduced below 120 degrees, causing limb shortening and limp. Coxa valga is the opposite deformity with an increased femoral neck angle. Femoral retroversion and hallux valgus (bunions) are also common deformities discussed. Treatment options ranged from observation to osteotomies and surgery depending on the severity of the case. Clubfoot (congenital talipes equinovarus) is often treated using the Ponseti method of manipulation and casting to correct deformity without surgery.
DDH and Vertibral coloumn.ppt
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a condition where the ball and socket joint of the hip do not develop properly. It can affect one or both hips and is more common in females. Treatment depends on the age of the patient, ranging from hip harnesses or splints for young infants to closed or open surgical reduction for older patients. Common spinal deformities discussed include scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis, torticollis, and flat back. Scoliosis causes an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Treatment involves observation, bracing, or surgery depending on the severity of the curvature. Kyphosis and lordosis refer to abnormal curvatures of the thoracic and lumbar
Epigastric Pain (1).pptx
Epigastric pain can originate from several sources including the heart, stomach, esophagus, gallbladder, and pancreas. Cardiac epigastric pain increases with exertion and is accompanied by shortness of breath. Gastroesophageal pain occurs after spicy meals and is characterized by heartburn and regurgitation. Gallbladder pain increases after fatty meals due to blocked bile ducts and radiates to the right shoulder. Pancreatic pain persists and radiates to the back, accompanied by tenderness and fever in cases of pancreatitis. Investigations like ECG, blood tests, ultrasound and enzyme levels help determine the underlying cause, while treatment focuses on the specific condition and uses antacids for pain relief.
Conflict resolution.pptx
This document discusses conflict resolution with a focus on considerations for doctors and subordinate staff. It defines conflict as the perception of mutual interference between parties' goals due to differences in resources, goals, structures, perceptions, communication or within individuals. Conflicts can be about tasks, emotions between people, or administrative processes. The goal of conflict resolution is to confront problems respectfully through open communication to provide optimal patient care. Addressing conflicts is important to prevent feelings of powerlessness, divided loyalties, and viewing others as adversaries in the workplace.
Cervicolumber Injury.pptx
- A bursa is a fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between bones, muscles, and ligaments near joints. Injury to a bursa can cause pain, limited motion, and decreased mobility.
- The cervical vertebrae are the smallest and most movable part of the spine. Injuries can occur from direct or indirect trauma and include fractures, dislocations, and ligament injuries.
- Treatment depends on the injury but may include immobilization, traction, steroids, and surgery to stabilize or fuse the spine to preserve neurological function and spinal stability.
Soft tissues.pptx
Soft tissue injuries can be acute or chronic and include injuries to muscles, ligaments, and tendons. Acute injuries occur suddenly from trauma while overuse injuries occur gradually. Injuries are classified by degree from mild (grade 1) to severe (grade 3) based on the extent of tissue damage. Treatment focuses on PRICE principles initially followed by rehabilitation exercises to restore strength, mobility, and function. More severe injuries may require surgical intervention.
Ortho.pptx
A fracture is a break in the bone's continuity. Fractures are classified based on appearance (transverse, oblique, spiral, comminuted), cause (traumatic, pathological), and stability (complete, incomplete). Common causes include accidents, falls, abuse, and diseases. Symptoms include pain, tenderness, swelling, deformity, loss of function, and restricted movement. Diagnosis involves x-ray, CT scan, MRI, or ultrasound. Treatment goals are to regain correct position and alignment, function, and return to usual activities quickly. Management includes closed techniques like splinting, casting, and traction or open techniques like internal or external fixation. Bone healing occurs in stages of hematoma formation, soft
cystic kidneys.pptx
Cystic diseases of the kidney can be congenital or acquired and range from benign and asymptomatic to severe and life-threatening. There are several types of cystic kidney disease including polycystic kidney disease (PKD), which is autosomal dominant and involves multiple expanding cysts leading to kidney destruction. Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease (MCDK) is a non-functioning dysplastic kidney with multiple cysts present at birth. Acquired cystic kidney disease develops secondary to long-term dialysis and carries an increased risk of kidney tumors.
Bladder Stone.pptx
Bladder stones can be classified as primary, secondary, or migratory based on their underlying cause. Primary stones typically occur in children in endemic areas with poor nutrition. Secondary stones are associated with an underlying bladder pathology like benign prostatic hyperplasia. Migratory stones initially form in the upper urinary tract. Management options include medical dissolution, shockwave lithotripsy, transurethral lithotripsy, percutaneous cystolithotomy, open surgery, or a combination depending on factors like stone size and location. Prevention involves adequate hydration and treatment of any predisposing conditions.
PUJO.pptx
PUJO is an obstruction of the proximal ureter at the junction with the renal pelvis. It is most common in childhood, affecting 1 in 1000 children, with boys more commonly affected than girls. Presentation includes flank pain, flank mass, nausea, vomiting, recurrent UTIs, and hematuria. Diagnosis involves blood tests, urine tests, ultrasounds, CT scans, nuclear scans, and retrograde pyelography. Treatment depends on symptoms and impairment - watchful waiting may be sufficient, but surgery like pyeloplasty is often needed and has a high success rate of 90-95%.
Neuroblastoma & Wilms tumor.pptx
- Neuroblastoma and Wilms tumor are the two most common childhood solid tumors that arise from neural crest cells and kidney respectively.
- Neuroblastoma has a peak incidence between ages 1-2 years and can occur anywhere along the sympathetic nervous system. Wilms tumor has a peak incidence below 5 years of age and presents as an abdominal mass.
- Both tumors are diagnosed through imaging such as CT/MRI and biopsy. Treatment involves surgery, chemotherapy and radiation depending on disease stage and risk factors. Prognosis is generally good, especially for early stage disease. Long term follow-up is important to monitor recurrence.
More from IrfanNashad1 (17)
Classification of surgical wounds based on contamination
Classification of surgical wounds based on contamination
Introduction to general surgery and history of general surgery
Introduction to general surgery and history of general surgery
Recently uploaded
Pediatric Emergency Care for Children | Apollo Hospital
Pediatric Emergency Care for Children | Apollo HospitalApollo 24/7 Adult & Paediatric Emergency Services
At Apollo Hospital, Lucknow, U.P., we provide specialized care for children experiencing dehydration and other symptoms. We also offer NICU & PICU Ambulance Facility Services. Consult our expert today for the best pediatric emergency care.
For More Details:
Map: https://cutt.ly/BwCeflYo
Name: Apollo Hospital
Address: Singar Nagar, LDA Colony, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226012
Phone: 08429021957
Opening Hours: 24X7DRAFT Ventilator Rapid Reference version 2.4.pdf
Ventilator rapid reference for the Zoll Z cvent. Presented for educational purposes only.
2024 HIPAA Compliance Training Guide to the Compliance Officers
Join us for a comprehensive 90-minute lesson designed specifically for Compliance Officers and Practice/Business Managers. This 2024 HIPAA Training session will guide you through the critical steps needed to ensure your practice is fully prepared for upcoming audits. Key updates and significant changes under the Omnibus Rule will be covered, along with the latest applicable updates for 2024.
Key Areas Covered:
Texting and Email Communication: Understand the compliance requirements for electronic communication.
Encryption Standards: Learn what is necessary and what is overhyped.
Medical Messaging and Voice Data: Ensure secure handling of sensitive information.
IT Risk Factors: Identify and mitigate risks related to your IT infrastructure.
Why Attend:
Expert Instructor: Brian Tuttle, with over 20 years in Health IT and Compliance Consulting, brings invaluable experience and knowledge, including insights from over 1000 risk assessments and direct dealings with Office of Civil Rights HIPAA auditors.
Actionable Insights: Receive practical advice on preparing for audits and avoiding common mistakes.
Clarity on Compliance: Clear up misconceptions and understand the reality of HIPAA regulations.
Ensure your compliance strategy is up-to-date and effective. Enroll now and be prepared for the 2024 HIPAA audits.
Enroll Now to secure your spot in this crucial training session and ensure your HIPAA compliance is robust and audit-ready.
https://conferencepanel.com/conference/hipaa-training-for-the-compliance-officer-2024-updates
U Part Wigs_ A Natural Look with Minimal Effort Jokerwigs.in.pdf
Joker Wigs has been a one-stop-shop for hair products for over 26 years. We provide high-quality hair wigs, hair extensions, hair toppers, hair patch, and more for both men and women.
一比一原版(EUR毕业证)鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证如何办理
EUR毕业证offer【微信95270640】《鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证书原版制作EUR成绩单》【Q微信95270640】《仿制EUR毕业证成绩单鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学学位证书pdf电子图》，A.为什么留学生需要操作留信认证?
留信认证全称全国留学生信息服务网认证,隶属于北京中科院。①留信认证门槛条件更低,费用更美丽,并且包过,完单周期短,效率高②留信认证虽然不能去国企,但是一般的公司都没有问题,因为国内很多公司连基本的留学生学历认证都不了解。这对于留学生来说,这就比自己光拿一个证书更有说服力,因为留学学历可以在留信网站上进行查询!
B.为什么我们提供的毕业证成绩单具有使用价值？
查询留服认证是国内鉴别留学生海外学历的唯一途径，但认证只是个体行为，不是所有留学生都操作，所以没有办理认证的留学生的学历在国内也是查询不到的，他们也仅仅只有一张文凭。所以这时候我们提供的和学校颁发的一模一样的毕业证成绩单，就有了使用价值。
实体公司，专业可靠，办理加拿大毕业证|办美国成绩单|做德国文凭学历认证|办新西兰学位证，办澳洲文凭认证，办留信网认证（网上可查，实体公司，专业可靠）铸就十年品质！信誉！实体公司！
办理国外鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证书 #成绩单改成绩 #教育部学历学位认证 #毕业证认证 #留服认证 #使馆认证（留学回国人员证明） #（证）等
真实教育部认证教育部存档中国教育部留学服务中心认证（即教育部留服认证）网站100%可查.
真实使馆认证（即留学人员回国证明）使馆存档可通过大使馆查询确认.
留信网认证国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书留信网永久存档可查.
鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证假文凭毕业证 #成绩单等全套材料从防伪到印刷从水印到钢印烫金跟学校原版100%相同.
国际留学归国服务中心：实体公司注册经营行业标杆精益求精！
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理流程：
1客户提供办理鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证假文凭信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证成绩单电子图；
3鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快递邮寄鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证假文凭）。地跟着父亲昼夜兼程第二天凌晨就辗转到了父亲的城哇父亲的城真的好大好美哟走出广州火车东站的那一刻山娃感受到了一种从未有过的激动和震撼太美了可爱的广州父亲的城山娃惊喜得几乎叫出声来山娃觉得父亲太伟大了居然能单匹马地跑到这么远这么大这么美的地方赚大钱高楼大厦鳞次栉比大街小巷人潮涌动山娃一路张望一路惊叹他发现城里的桥居然层层叠叠扭来扭去桥下没水却有着水一般的车水马龙山娃惊诧于城里的公交车那么大那么美不的
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.Bath patient Fundamental of Nursing.pptx
This is presentation about how to bath a patient.
It is a fundamental of nursing.
LEAD Innovation Launch_WHO Innovation Initiative.pptx
WHO Innovation Initiative. WHO Innovation Initiative. WHO Innovation Initiative. WHO Innovation Initiative.
Letter to MREC - application to conduct study
Application to conduct study on research title 'Awareness and knowledge of oral cancer and precancer among dental outpatient in Klinik Pergigian Merlimau, Melaka'
CANSA support - Caring for Cancer Patients' Caregivers
International Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated during June, placing the spotlight not only on cancer survivors, but also their caregivers.
CANSA has compiled a list of tips and guidelines of support:
https://cansa.org.za/who-cares-for-cancer-patients-caregivers/
Unlocking the Secrets to Safe Patient Handling.pdf
Furthermore, the time constraints and workload in healthcare settings can make it challenging for caregivers to prioritise safe patient handling Australia practices, leading to shortcuts and increased risks.
Innovative Minds France's Most Impactful Healthcare Leaders.pdf
This edition features a handful of Innovative Minds: France's Most Impactful Healthcare Leaders that are leading us into a better future.
Exploring the Benefits of Binaural Hearing: Why Two Hearing Aids Are Better T...
Exploring the Benefits of Binaural Hearing: Why Two Hearing Aids Are Better T...Ear Solutions (ESPL)
Binaural hearing using two hearing aids instead of one offers numerous advantages, including improved sound localization, enhanced sound quality, better speech understanding in noise, reduced listening effort, and greater overall satisfaction. By leveraging the brain’s natural ability to process sound from both ears, binaural hearing aids provide a more balanced, clear, and comfortable hearing experience. If you or a loved one is considering hearing aids, consult with a hearing care professional at Ear Solutions hearing aid clinic in Mumbai to explore the benefits of binaural hearing and determine the best solution for your hearing needs. Embracing binaural hearing can lead to a richer, more engaging auditory experience and significantly improve your quality of life.
Pneumothorax and role of Physiotherapy in it.
This particular slides consist of- what is Pneumothorax,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is a summary of Pneumothorax:
Pneumothorax, also known as a collapsed lung, is a condition that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall. This air buildup puts pressure on the lung, preventing it from expanding fully when you breathe. A pneumothorax can cause a complete or partial collapse of the lung.
Professional Secrecy: Forensic Medicine Lecture
Professional Secrecy: Forensic Medicine Lecture , Medical jurisprudence
Tips for Pet Care in winters How to take care of pets.
Tips for Pet Care in winters How to take care of pets.
Hypotension and role of physiotherapy in it
This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
Recently uploaded (20)
Pediatric Emergency Care for Children | Apollo Hospital
Pediatric Emergency Care for Children | Apollo Hospital
2024 HIPAA Compliance Training Guide to the Compliance Officers
2024 HIPAA Compliance Training Guide to the Compliance Officers
U Part Wigs_ A Natural Look with Minimal Effort Jokerwigs.in.pdf
U Part Wigs_ A Natural Look with Minimal Effort Jokerwigs.in.pdf
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...
LEAD Innovation Launch_WHO Innovation Initiative.pptx
LEAD Innovation Launch_WHO Innovation Initiative.pptx
CANSA support - Caring for Cancer Patients' Caregivers
CANSA support - Caring for Cancer Patients' Caregivers
Unlocking the Secrets to Safe Patient Handling.pdf
Unlocking the Secrets to Safe Patient Handling.pdf
Innovative Minds France's Most Impactful Healthcare Leaders.pdf
Innovative Minds France's Most Impactful Healthcare Leaders.pdf
Exploring the Benefits of Binaural Hearing: Why Two Hearing Aids Are Better T...
Exploring the Benefits of Binaural Hearing: Why Two Hearing Aids Are Better T...
Bringing AI into a Mid-Sized Company: A structured Approach
Bringing AI into a Mid-Sized Company: A structured Approach
Tips for Pet Care in winters How to take care of pets.
Tips for Pet Care in winters How to take care of pets.
CRYPTORCHIDISM.pptx
- 2. CRYPTORCHIDISM DR MUHAMMAD AAMIR PGR UROLOGY TEAM C
- 4. DEFINITION Retention of testis in the abdomen or arrest of its descent at any point along its natural pathway.
- 5. EMBRYOLOGY DEVELOPMENT- From genital fold Descent – three phases A-Intra abdominal (1-7 months) B-Canalicular ( 7-8months) C-Scrotal (8-9month)
- 6. EPIDEMIOLOGY Most common congenital malformation of male neonates. Incidence depends on gestational age full term: 1-4.6% preterm neonates: 1.1-45% Bilateral undesend in upto 30% of cases
- 7. AETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Specific cause is unknown in most cases May be heterogenous or due to multiple genetic and envoirnmental risk factors e.g abnormal testes or gubernaculm low level of androgens, HCG, LH, Calcitonin, gene related peptide and maternal or paternal hormonal exposure, decreased intraabdominal pressure(prune belly syndrome) prior inguinal surgery of child
- 8. CLASSIFICATION A. Palpable (80%) Inguinal Ectopic : MC position is superficial inguinal pouch Retractile : overactive cremasteric reflex, upto 1/3rd ascends B. Non-palpable(20%) Intrabdominal (50-60%) MC found close to internal inguinal ring Inguinal Ectopic Absent a. agenesis b. vanishing testis Mechanism of absent testis include testicular agenesis and atrophy after intrauterine torsion.
- 9. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION HISTORY : Empty scrotum since birth Swelling in the groin which is reducible May present with complication PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: IN standing sitting or squatting position In case of unilateral non palapable teste, contralateral teste need to be examined. A compensatory hypertrophy suggest testicular absence or atrophy. In case of b/l UDT and any sign of DSD such as genital ambiguity or scrotal hyperpigmentation further evaluation including endocrine and genetic assessment becomes mandatory.
- 10. Continue… IMAGING STUDIES: Ultrasound; lacks diagnostic sentivity MRI; recommended in selected and specific clinical scenarios Diagnostic Laproscopy; procedure of choice
- 11. WHY TO TREAT…??? COMPLICATNS; Infertility Trauma Torsion Malignant changes Psychological
- 12. MANAGEMENT TX SHOULD BE STARTED AT 6-12MONTHS OR 18 MONTHS ATLEAST Medical therapy ; not currently recommended as 20% of descended testes have risk of re-ascend later on.. The higher the testes located prior to therapy the lower the success rate Hcg or GNRH has success rate of 20%. Some studies reported combined HCG and Gnrh therapy to cause successful descent in upto 38% of non-responders to monotherapy.
- 13. CONTINUE…. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT PALAPABLE TESTIS a- Inguinal orchidopexy Success rate upto 92% Mobiloization of testis and spermatic cord to the level of internal inguinal ring. Dissection and division of all cremasteric fibers. Mobilzed testicle needs to be placed in subdartos pouch within the hemiscrotum without tention.
- 14. b- Scrotal orchidopexy Success rate 88-100% Done for low position palpable UDT Shorter operative time
- 15. B- Non palpable testis a-Open transabdominal orchidopexy Success rate 95% The internal ring is approached via muscle splitting incision. Peritoneum opened and testis delivered. A tunnel is created to scrotum and testis is secured
- 16. b- Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy; testis lying greater than 2cm above the internal inguinal ring can be done laproscopically as well as open 1-one stage technique Involves proximal cutting and transection of testicular vessels, conservation of collateral arterial blood supply via the deferential atery and cremesteric vessels. The testis is then mobililized and brought down in scrotum.
- 17. 2-staged technique The procedure is same as one stage technique but testis are mobilized six months later with its new collaterals. MODIFIED FOWLER-STEPHEN TECHNIQUE COMPLICATIONS… A- testicular atrophy B-testicular ascend C-vas derens injury D-wound infections dehiscence and heamatoma.
- 18. PROGNOSIS Sperm count are reduced in atleast 25% of formerly unilateral and majority of formerly b/l cryptorchoid men but paternity rates in unilateral groups are similar to those in control men. TGCT risk is 2-5 times higher in boys with cryptorchidism especially after pubertal orchoidopexy.