General and its history

1. Introduction to surgery
by
Dr Irfan Malik

2. Surgery
Definition
History
Modern approaches

3. Indications of surgery
• Indication: a symptom that suggests certain
medical/surgical treatment is necessary.
• Appendectomy
• Cholecystectomy
• Nephrectomy

4. Types of incisions

5. Wound/Types of wound
• A wound, is a break in the continuity of any
bodily tissue due to external agency, including,
for example, surgery.
1. Wounds can be open, with broken skin and
exposed body tissue, or
2. Closed when there is damage to tissue under
intact skin.
3. Wound can be acute or chronic

6. • Open wounds
1. Penetrating wounds
• Puncture wounds
• Surgical wounds and incisions
• Thermal, chemical or electric burns
• Bites and stings
• Gunshot wounds, or other high velocity
projectiles that can penetrate the body

7. 2. Blunt force trauma
• Abrasions
• Lacerations
• Skin tears

9. Factors affecting wound healing

10. Algorithm for management of acute
wounds.

11. Dressings

12. • Dressings can be classified as primary or
secondary
• Absorbent Dressings
• Nonadherent Dressings.
• Occlusive and Semiocclusive Dressings
• Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Dressings
combine the benefits of occlusion
and absorbency

13. • Alginates
skin loss, in open surgical wounds with
medium exudation, and on full-thickness
chronic wounds
• Medicated Dressings
• Mechanical Devices