Cryptography is the process of encrypting and decrypting messages between senders and receivers to maintain integrity, secrecy and protect confidential information. It has a long history dating back to ancient Egypt and is now widely used with both symmetric and asymmetric encryption methods. While some countries have restrictions on cryptography, it is legal and commonly used to protect passwords, online transactions, and communication. When implemented properly, cryptography can securely protect data even if a system is compromised, as was seen when Adobe's encrypted data remained secure despite a data breach.

1. CRYPTOGRAPHY
COURSE: CIS2222
SCHOOL: T.C.I. COMM.
COLLEGEDATE: MAY 11,
2015
PRESENTER:
DONTE FRANCIS
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2. WHAT IS CRYPTOGRAPHY?
BRIEF HISTORY OF CRYPTOGRAPHY
WHERE IS CRYPTOGRAPHY USED TODAY?
SYNOPSIS:
IMPORTANCE OF CRYPTOGRAPHY
IS CRYPTOGRAPHY SAFE?
CONCLUSION
RESTRICTIONS OF CRYPTOGRAPHY
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3. WHAT IS CRYPTOGRAPHY?
Cryptography is the process of encrypting and
decrypting messages to and from the sender
and receiver to maintain integrity, secrecy
and/or protection of confidential information.
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4. WHAT IS CRYPTOGRAPHY?
Terminologies:
Encryption: The process of converting plaintext to cipher
text.
Decryption: The process of converting cipher text to
plaintext.
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Plaintext: Data that has not been converted; original text.
Cipher text: Data that has been converted.

5. Earliest known use of cryptography was
in Egypt (ca 1900 BCE) carved
into a stone.
BRIEF HISTORY OF CRYPTOGRAPHY:
http://www.posterus.sk/?p=13784
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6. Hebrew masters and scholars
were the first to use simple
cipher based on substitution.
BRIEF HISTORY OF CRYPTOGRAPHY:
http://www.posterus.sk/?p=13784
A = Z, B = Y, C = X, etc.
Hebrew ciphers
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7. 5th century BC Spartan
introduced the first military
strategist’s cryptography.
BRIEF HISTORY OF CRYPTOGRAPHY:
http://www.posterus.sk/?p=13784
Scytale
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8. One of history’s most
famous ciphers
called Ceasar cipher (named
after Julius Cipher)
BRIEF HISTORY OF CRYPTOGRAPHY:
http://www.posterus.sk/?p=13784
Caesar Cipher
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9. The modern field of cryptography is computerised and can
be divided into two kinds,
symmetric-key
and
asymmetric-key cryptography.
WHERE IS CRYPTOGRAPHY USED TODAY?
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10. symmetric-key cryptography: encryption method in which both the
sender and receiver share the same
key (a unique way of decrypting
messages).
asymmetric-key cryptography: encryption method of using two
keys; a public and a private key.
key: a secret or public way of encrypting and/or decrypting cipher
text.
WHERE IS CRYPTOGRAPHY USED TODAY?
Terminologies
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11. WHERE IS CRYPTOGRAPHY USED TODAY?
Symmetric-key Cryptography
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12. WHERE IS CRYPTOGRAPHY USED TODAY?
Symmetric-key Cryptography
Caesar Cipher
Circle
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13. WHERE IS CRYPTOGRAPHY USED TODAY?
Symmetric-key Cryptography
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14. WHERE IS CRYPTOGRAPHY USED TODAY?
Asymmetric-key Cryptography
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15. WHERE IS CRYPTOGRAPHY USED TODAY?
Asymmetric-key Cryptography
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16. WHERE IS CRYPTOGRAPHY USED TODAY?
Device Password
Alarm Systems ATMS & CREDIT CARDS
ATMS & CREDIT CARDSONLINE USE
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17. In some countries, even the domestic use of cryptography
is, or has been, restricted.
RESTRICTIONS OF CRYPTOGRAPHY
According to Crypto Law Survey (2013), “In China and Iran,
a license is still required to use cryptography.”
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18. Many countries have tight restrictions on the use of
cryptography. Among the more restrictive are laws in
Belarus, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Singapore,
Tunisia, and Vietnam.
Link: (http://www.emc.com/emc-plus/rsa-labs/standards-initiatives/cryptographic-policies-countries.htm)
RESTRICTIONS OF CRYPTOGRAPHY
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19. In the United States, cryptography is legal for domestic use,
but there has been much conflict over legal issues related to
cryptography.
RESTRICTIONS OF CRYPTOGRAPHY
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Did you know?
After World War II, it was illegal in the US to sell or distribute
encryption technology overseas (Rosenoer, 1995).

20. In the United Kingdom, the Regulation of Investigatory
Powers Act gives UK police the powers to force suspects to
decrypt files or hand over passwords that protect encryption
keys. Failure to comply is an offence in its own right,
punishable on conviction by a two-year jail sentence or up to
five years in cases involving national security.
Link: (http://www.pcworld.com/article/137881/uk_data_encryption_disclosure_law_takes_effect.html)
RESTRICTIONS OF CRYPTOGRAPHY
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21. Adobe, lost all due to everything being accessed by hackers
(a group of people that seeks and exploits weaknesses in a
computer system or computer network).
October 2013;
• Customer Identities;
• Customer Passwords;
• All belonging to over 3 Million Adobe Customers.
Scenario:
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22. Cryptanalysis:
• Definition: The study of analysing information
systems in order to study the hidden aspects of the
systems
• Espionage
• Bribery
• Burglary
• Defection
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23. Cryptanalysis:
• Governments have long recognised the potential benefits
of cryptanalysis for intelligence, both military and
diplomatic, and established dedicated organisations
devoted to breaking the codes and ciphers of other nations.
"Breaking codes: An impossible task?". BBC News. June 21, 2004.
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24. Adobe, lost all due to everything being accessed by hackers
(a group of people that seeks and exploits weaknesses in a
computer system or computer network).
IS CRYPTOGRAPHY SAFE?
October 2013;
• Customer Identities;
• Customer Passwords;
• All belonging to over 3 Million Adobe Customers.
Scenario:
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25. IS CRYPTOGRAPHY SAFE?
October 2013;
• Customer Identities;
• Customer Passwords;
• All belonging to over 3 Million Adobe Customers.
Scenario:
There is a diamond of good news in their
announcement. They had encrypted their data.
GOOD NEWS!
ENCRYPTED!
ENCRYPTED!
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26. CRYPTOGRAPHY BENEFITS:
• The tools of encryption and key management can (and
should, especially after this scenario) be applied at
numerous layers of business to protect, isolate, and
control data.
• Adobe did not lose anything!
IMPORTANCE OF CRYPTOGRAPHY
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27. CONCLUSION
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28. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we can therefore agree that cryptography is
not alone the process of encrypting and decrypting
confidential information; it is the evolutionary need for life.
It is easy to deploy and use and provides a strong
protection against data thieves.
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THANK YOU