Marcos declared martial law in 1972 citing threats from communist forces and increasing unrest, though the Senate found no evidence of insurrection. Martial law suspended civil liberties and concentrated power in Marcos. Resistance grew through the 1970s as the regime became increasingly authoritarian and corrupt. Economic crisis and the assassination of Benigno Aquino in 1983 further weakened Marcos. Defections by military leaders and mass protests led by Corazon Aquino forced Marcos to flee in 1986, marking the peaceful People Power Revolution. Subsequent presidents like Ramos achieved stability and growth through peace agreements and economic reforms, while Estrada focused on poverty programs.
The American Occupation and The Philippine CommonwealthEducation
The American Occupation and the Philippine Commonwealth
Cawagas, Virgina, and Swee-Hin Toh. Our Nation Our World 5. 2nd ed. Quezon City: Sibs Publishing House, 2014. 1-396.
Visit:http://kasaysayan4kids.blogspot.com/
For more resources.
Uploaded for class discussion only.
References:
Textbooks:
The Filipino Odyssey
Philippines Pride
The Philippines in Our Modern World
Our Nation, Our World
Online Articles:
Martial Law Stories young people need to hear
https://anywhereiwander.com/2016/05/26/neveragain-martial-law-stories-young-people-need-to-hear/
Youtube Videos/ Documentaries :
Millennials Find Out the Truth from the Youth of Martial Law
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KSI75PtrLg
Martial Law: The Good and the Bad
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-K413YVTk4
Lifting of Martial Law
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bMJeNqSHfw
Pros and Cons of Martial Law
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uubo1QEvDY0
Proclamation 1081
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWu46IyLKwI
The American Occupation and The Philippine CommonwealthEducation
The American Occupation and the Philippine Commonwealth
Cawagas, Virgina, and Swee-Hin Toh. Our Nation Our World 5. 2nd ed. Quezon City: Sibs Publishing House, 2014. 1-396.
Visit:http://kasaysayan4kids.blogspot.com/
For more resources.
Uploaded for class discussion only.
References:
Textbooks:
The Filipino Odyssey
Philippines Pride
The Philippines in Our Modern World
Our Nation, Our World
Online Articles:
Martial Law Stories young people need to hear
https://anywhereiwander.com/2016/05/26/neveragain-martial-law-stories-young-people-need-to-hear/
Youtube Videos/ Documentaries :
Millennials Find Out the Truth from the Youth of Martial Law
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KSI75PtrLg
Martial Law: The Good and the Bad
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-K413YVTk4
Lifting of Martial Law
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bMJeNqSHfw
Pros and Cons of Martial Law
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uubo1QEvDY0
Proclamation 1081
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWu46IyLKwI
The Japanese Occupation
Sources:
Cawagas, Virgina, and Swee-Hin Toh. Our Nation Our World 5. 2nd ed. Quezon City: Sibs Publishing House, 2014. 1-396
Visit:http://kasaysayan4kids.blogspot.com/
For more resources.
This slide presentation cover the events regarding the Period of Constitutional Authoritarianism in the Philippines : The Marcos Regime & the New Society.
*I do not own any of the photos included in the presentation*
The Japanese Occupation
Sources:
Cawagas, Virgina, and Swee-Hin Toh. Our Nation Our World 5. 2nd ed. Quezon City: Sibs Publishing House, 2014. 1-396
Visit:http://kasaysayan4kids.blogspot.com/
For more resources.
This slide presentation cover the events regarding the Period of Constitutional Authoritarianism in the Philippines : The Marcos Regime & the New Society.
*I do not own any of the photos included in the presentation*
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
3. A. BASES FORTHE DECLARATION OF
MARTIAL LAW
1. Marcos declared martial law citing the imminent danger of internal
subversion of the state by communist forces.
There was a threat of growing power of the Communist Party led by
Jose Ma. Sison and its military arm, the new People’s Army(NPA)
September 1971 the Philippine Senate report., stated that there existed
“no” clear and present danger of a Communist inspired insurrection or
rebellion.
In July and august 1972, mysterious bombing occurred.
The secretary of defense, Juan Ponce Enrile, was ambushed according
to the US-Marcos controlled press. In 1986, Enrile revealed that the
ambush was fake and stage-manage by the government.
4. A. BASES FORTHE DECLARATION OF
MARTIAL LAW
Late 1960’s and the early 1970s saw the rise of student
power.
Parliament of the streets against the government
Massive demonstration of students and a sector of the
labor class rocked the country
And violently dispersed by government troops
The number of the radical left hand had increased
Lawlessness and criminality
5. B. “CONSTITUTIONAL
AUTHORITARIANISM
1. Definition
Respect the limits fixed by the constitution
The function is to protect or restore traditional,
legal, order in crisis situations or in domestic or
foreign emergencies
For Marcos defined constitutional
authoritarianism as the government will
discipline and punish its own, along the criminal
elements.
6. B. “CONSTITUTIONAL
AUTHORITARIANISM
■ 2. Features
Marcos proclaimed the entire Philippines land area
He closed down media banned strikes, outlawed “rumor
mongering” and centralized the police force.( Francisco and
Arriola
On January 17, 1973, Marcos’ Proclamation No. 1102 declared the
ratification by the Filipino people of the 1973 Constitution
Martial law suppressed the opposition, curbed the power of the
oligarchs ( but only who opposed him) and eliminated elite
conflicts
7. C. RESISTANCE TO
MARTIAL LAW
■ Brutality and excesses of the Marcos dictatorship had
become intolerable by the end of the 1970s.
■ Professionals, businessmen and religious groups
joined hands with the left to fight against the regime.
■ Many others joined the “parliament of the streets”,
and other protest actions.
■ LABAN (Lakas ng Bayan)
8. D. FOREIGN POLICY
■ In the light of U.S. defeat in Vietnam, Marcos adopted a
shift in foreign policy.
■ The Philippines established diplomatic relations with the
socialist countries.
■ It ratified the Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation
with Japan,
■ Supported the Arab countries in their search for a “just
and enduring peace” in the Middle East.
■ Sought to establish closer relations with other Third World.
■ Philippines also negotiated with the U.S the bases issue.
9. E. “LIFTING” OF MARTIAL
LAW■ Due to pressures from the U.S and to pacify his critics,
Marcos lifted martial law on January 17, 1981
■ The worsening conditions of the country also
propelled Marcos to lift martial law.
■ In April 1981, a plebiscite approved a proposal of
Marcos for a six-year term.
■ Presidential election came in May. Marcos, not
surprisingly, won against a weak opponent.
11. ■ Significant growth of the Gross National Product
(GNP) annually by 6.3%
■ Four-fold increase in oil prices led to reduction in the
workforce
■ Crime rates and unemployment rose to alarming
levels.
■ THERE WAS MASS POVERTY.
A. ECONOMIC CRISIS
(results of economic crisis)
12. B. ASSASSINATION OF BENIGNO
“NINOY” AQUINO
■ Outspoken critic of Marcos that shocked and angered the
Filipinos.
■ Frequent and massive protests, rallies, marches, and
demonstrations in the urban and countryside area.
■ All social strata of different political persuasions marched
together attired or ribboned with YELLOW (official color of the
Aquinos)
■ Caused capital flight, frightened the IMF, World Bank and
creditor bank
■ THE PROTEST LED TO THE BIRTH OF THE PEOPLE POWER.
13. C. POPULAR GRIEVANCES AND
DISCONTENT AGAINST THE MARCOS
REGIME
■ ECONOMIC CRISES Widespread
joblessness
Huge rallies
and protests
■ MARCOS FAILED TO ATTAIN ITS OBJECTIVES:
Crony
capitalism
Graft and
Corruption
Land Reforms
14. ■ HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS WERE RAMPANT.
C. POPULAR GRIEVANCES AND
DISCONTENT AGAINST THE MARCOS
REGIME
arrests detentions tortures
Extra judicial
executions
■ NOTORIOUS ABUSES OF THE MILITARY
■ MASS POVERTY AND 20 YEARS OF POWERLESSNESS
15. D. SNAP ELECTION
■ Marcos was declared as winner.
■ Aquino called for a boycott of companies owned by Marcos.
■ Defense Minister Juan Ponce-Enrile and General Fidel V. Ramos
declared that they would no longer to support the Marcos, and
decided to make a stand at Camp Aguinaldo.
■ Jaime Cardinal Sin called on the religious and lay people to go to
Camp Aguinaldo to support the Two Rebels.
■ On February 25th, Marcos took his oath of office and that evening
the Marcos fled.
■ By the virtue of People Power, Aquino-Laurel assumed power as
President and Vice President.
16. D. SNAP ELECTION
Snap elections Special elections
• Marcos called for this and under heavy attacks from his
critics.
• Marcos charged Corazon Aquino as “walang alam”.
21. ■ Ramos was able to secure major peace agreements with Muslim separatists, communist
insurgents and military rebels, which renewed investor confidence in the Philippine economy.
Ramos also aggressively pushed for the deregulation of the nation's major industries and the
privatization of bad government assets.
■ Under Ramos, the Philippines experienced a period of political stability and rapid economic
growth and expansion, as a result of his policies and programs designed to foster national
reconciliation and unity.
■ In 1993, He quickly led the nation out of darkness putting an end to the power crisis that crippled
Filipino homes and industries for two years.
■ He made programs to fight poverty in accordance with the will of the Filipino people expressed
by 229 structural/reform laws enacted by Congress during his term.
■ The years 1993-1997, the Philippine economy recovered dramatically.
■ Ramos implemented a comprehensive Social Reform Agenda (SRA) that addressed the long-
standing problem of poverty: jobs and livelihood, health, education and skills training, housing,
environmental protection, children and the youth, the elderly and the handicapped, agrarian
reform, and access to equal opportunity.
■ Filipino families’ average income grew more during his administration compared to 20 years
before. He pushed for the deregulation of key industries and the liberalization of the economy.
■ He encouraged the privatization of public entities, to include the modernization of public
infrastructure through an expanded Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) law.
22. C. Joseph E. Estrada
■ National Anti-Poverty Commission “Erap para sa mahirap”: Tinutukan ng
Komisyon ang mga batayang pangangailangan ng mahihirap tulad ng
pabahay, kalusugan, edukasyon at trabaho.
■ Visiting Forces Agreement: Ang VFA ay ang kasunduan kung saan ang
pinakamahalaga at pinakakontrobersyal na probisyon ay ang para sa mga
sundalong Amerikano na nasa Pilipinas upang magsagawa ng military
exercises kasama ng mga sundalong Pilipino.
■ Repormang Agraryo: Pinalawak ang sakop ng Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
Program (CARP) para sa mga magsasakang walang lupain.
■ Enhanced Retail Access for the Poor (ERAP): Nagtayo ito ng rolling stores na
nagbebenta ng murang bigas, asukal at iba pang pangangilangan ng mga
Pilipino.
■ Repormang Agraryo: Pinalawak ang sakop ng Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
Program (CARP) para sa mga magsasakang walang lupain.