This document discusses different types of crime and deviance, providing examples of behaviors that are considered criminal, deviant, or both. It also examines factors that influence criminal behavior such as nature, nurture, social class, gender, and ethnicity. Sociological explanations for crime are presented, including peer influence, socialization, labeling, and relative deprivation. The challenges of accurately measuring crime through official statistics are also summarized.
This document discusses different conceptions of crime and deviance. It defines deviance as behavior that does not comply with social norms and crime as behavior that breaks formal laws. Norms can be enforced formally through legal systems or informally through social pressures. The document also outlines several types of crimes and theories for what causes criminal behavior, including strain theory, social learning theory, and self-control theory. Cognitive restructuring is discussed as a method to change criminal thinking and prevent future offenses.
How do criminals decide to commit a crime? Do they even think about the risks and benefits? Why do some commit crimes regardless of the consequences? These are some questions we often ask for ourselves because of the growing number of crimes happening in the society today.
Young people between ages 14-25 have the most opportunities for criminal behavior due to spending time in urban areas with more potential targets like shops, cars, and houses. Working class youth also have fewer opportunities and responsibilities that could prevent crime. As people get older, they take on roles like careers and families that reduce opportunities and increase motivation to avoid criminal behavior and jail time that could harm those responsibilities. The lifestyles and activities of young people like time in public places also expose them to more situations where crime could occur.
The document discusses crime and violence in Canada. It defines different types of crimes such as property crimes, violent crimes, victimless crimes, and computer crimes. It provides statistics on crime in Canada, noting that reported criminal incidents decreased from 2011 to 2012, largely due to reductions in non-violent crimes. The document also discusses youth crime statistics and notes that nearly 40,000 cases were completed in Canadian youth courts in 2013/2014, which was 12% lower than the previous year. Common youth crimes are discussed as well as the benefits of diversion programs for first-time youth offenders.
This document discusses how age, gender, social class, and race/ethnicity relate to crime. It notes that crime increases in early adolescence, peaks in young adulthood, and declines with age. Lower socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to be arrested for violent and property crimes. Aboriginal people are overrepresented in prison populations in Canada, making up 25% of inmates but only 4% of the general population. Explanations for overrepresentation include immigration, discrimination, and a focus on crimes committed by low-income groups.
This document provides an overview of crime and violence. It begins by defining crime and describing different types of crimes and criminals. It then discusses the four main categories of violence: homicides, assault, rape, and domestic violence. The document outlines different types of crimes such as violent personal crimes, occasional property crimes, occupational/white-collar crimes, corporate crimes, public-order crimes, organized crime, consensual crime, and hate crimes. It also discusses biological explanations of crime and how factors like gender and age relate to crime rates. Finally, it covers approaches to controlling crime through rehabilitation, prevention, and social policy reforms.
This document defines and categorizes different types of crimes. It discusses violent crimes like homicide, assault, robbery, and rape. It also covers property crimes, white-collar crimes, organized crimes, and consensual or victimless crimes. Violent crimes involve physical harm against individuals. Property crimes involve theft of goods without physical harm. White-collar crimes are non-violent crimes committed by individuals of high social status for financial gain. Organized crimes are criminal activities committed by groups for profit. Consensual crimes involve willing participation in illegal acts like drug use, gambling, and prostitution that have no clear victims.
This document discusses different conceptions of crime and deviance. It defines deviance as behavior that does not comply with social norms and crime as behavior that breaks formal laws. Norms can be enforced formally through legal systems or informally through social pressures. The document also outlines several types of crimes and theories for what causes criminal behavior, including strain theory, social learning theory, and self-control theory. Cognitive restructuring is discussed as a method to change criminal thinking and prevent future offenses.
How do criminals decide to commit a crime? Do they even think about the risks and benefits? Why do some commit crimes regardless of the consequences? These are some questions we often ask for ourselves because of the growing number of crimes happening in the society today.
Young people between ages 14-25 have the most opportunities for criminal behavior due to spending time in urban areas with more potential targets like shops, cars, and houses. Working class youth also have fewer opportunities and responsibilities that could prevent crime. As people get older, they take on roles like careers and families that reduce opportunities and increase motivation to avoid criminal behavior and jail time that could harm those responsibilities. The lifestyles and activities of young people like time in public places also expose them to more situations where crime could occur.
The document discusses crime and violence in Canada. It defines different types of crimes such as property crimes, violent crimes, victimless crimes, and computer crimes. It provides statistics on crime in Canada, noting that reported criminal incidents decreased from 2011 to 2012, largely due to reductions in non-violent crimes. The document also discusses youth crime statistics and notes that nearly 40,000 cases were completed in Canadian youth courts in 2013/2014, which was 12% lower than the previous year. Common youth crimes are discussed as well as the benefits of diversion programs for first-time youth offenders.
This document discusses how age, gender, social class, and race/ethnicity relate to crime. It notes that crime increases in early adolescence, peaks in young adulthood, and declines with age. Lower socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to be arrested for violent and property crimes. Aboriginal people are overrepresented in prison populations in Canada, making up 25% of inmates but only 4% of the general population. Explanations for overrepresentation include immigration, discrimination, and a focus on crimes committed by low-income groups.
This document provides an overview of crime and violence. It begins by defining crime and describing different types of crimes and criminals. It then discusses the four main categories of violence: homicides, assault, rape, and domestic violence. The document outlines different types of crimes such as violent personal crimes, occasional property crimes, occupational/white-collar crimes, corporate crimes, public-order crimes, organized crime, consensual crime, and hate crimes. It also discusses biological explanations of crime and how factors like gender and age relate to crime rates. Finally, it covers approaches to controlling crime through rehabilitation, prevention, and social policy reforms.
This document defines and categorizes different types of crimes. It discusses violent crimes like homicide, assault, robbery, and rape. It also covers property crimes, white-collar crimes, organized crimes, and consensual or victimless crimes. Violent crimes involve physical harm against individuals. Property crimes involve theft of goods without physical harm. White-collar crimes are non-violent crimes committed by individuals of high social status for financial gain. Organized crimes are criminal activities committed by groups for profit. Consensual crimes involve willing participation in illegal acts like drug use, gambling, and prostitution that have no clear victims.
The document discusses the politics of crime and the emergence of new "moral panics". It argues that while crime rates are dropping, fear of crime is being deliberately fostered and marketed for political gain. Politicians demonize certain groups, like homeless youth, to garner support and pass tough-on-crime laws that have little real impact but satisfy perceptions of wanting more safety and control. The document also summarizes a court case where medical use of marijuana was found to be a constitutionally protected choice.
Crime rates have increased dramatically in cities due to rapid urbanization. Various types of crimes reported include murder, theft, drug abuse, rape, and kidnapping. Criminals sometimes receive political protection, making it difficult for the police to curb crimes. Poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, and lack of guidance contribute to the rising crime rate. Implementing strict laws, increasing police force, providing education and jobs, and cultivating moral values can help reduce crime.
The document discusses how laws intended to protect national security and enforce immigration can be abused and lead to racial profiling and inequality. It provides examples of immigration laws throughout American history that discriminated against non-white groups. While laws like Stop and Frisk and post-9/11 security measures had good intentions, they also gave power to law enforcement that could infringe on civil liberties and target minority groups disproportionately. The document argues that racial profiling has been a problem in the application of laws around national security, immigration, and police stops from the founding of the US to the present day.
The document discusses 3 types of criminal statistics that provide information on ethnicity and crime:
1) Official crime statistics which may be unreliable as only 10% of crimes are discovered by police with 90% reported by the public.
2) Victim surveys which reveal the majority of crime is intra-ethnic (within ethnic groups) but may be unrepresentative by excluding under 16s and business/white collar crimes.
3) Self-report studies which found similar rates of offending across ethnicities but have limitations such as potential lying and not covering more serious crimes.
The conclusion is that evidence on crime and ethnicity is inconsistent.
This document provides an overview of crime and criminal justice. It discusses definitions of norms, laws, and different types of crimes. Statistics on violent crimes like murder, rape, assault, and robbery are presented, as well as property crimes like burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft. Information is given on who typically commits crimes, as well as theories for the causes of crime from biological, psychological, sociological, and political perspectives. The roles of police, courts, and punishments in the criminal justice system are outlined.
The document discusses six main types of crimes: crimes against persons, crimes against property, hate crimes, crimes against morality, white-collar crimes, and organized crime. It provides examples and descriptions of each crime type. Students are instructed to complete an activity matching crime headings to definitions. They are also asked to watch an educational video about types of crimes and answer questions about the specific crime and category discussed in the video. The lesson aims to help students understand and learn the different types of crimes.
1) Most crime is committed by people between the ages of 14-24, likely due to factors like peer pressure and lack of parental supervision.
2) Males commit around 90% of certain crimes like burglary and robbery, possibly because of different socialization and opportunities to commit crimes.
3) Ethnic minority groups, especially Afro-Caribbean people, make up a disproportionate percentage of the prison population, possibly because of actual higher crime rates or systemic racism in the criminal justice system.
“TANK” Talks about Sex Offenders And how important it is to protect Our Kids ...Tank TheDinosaur
This document discusses laws related to sex offenders and their housing restrictions. It notes that sex offenders are required to register with police and cannot live near places where children gather. While these laws aim to protect children, some experts argue they may undermine offender monitoring and rehabilitation by making it difficult for sex offenders to find housing and reintegrate into society. There are also concerns the laws could be pushing offenders underground and reducing the effectiveness of registration systems. Overall, the document examines both sides of this complex issue around balancing public safety versus offender rights.
Peer influence, drugs and alcohol, lack of education, and hereditary factors can all influence youth crime. Peer groups strongly influence criminal decisions, and drugs/alcohol impair judgment. A survey found many inmates had very low education levels and committed crimes like robbery, burglary, auto theft, and drug trafficking. Studies of twins and adopted children also suggest some genetic basis for criminal behavior.
Homegrown violent extremism refers to citizens or long-term residents of Western countries who support or commit violent acts to further political or ideological goals while rejecting Western values. These individuals can include a diverse range of people from various citizenship statuses. Radical recruiters use social media to encourage those already in Western countries to commit acts of violence and take advantage of being able to blend into communities unnoticed. Examples of homegrown extremism include Somali men from Minnesota who traveled to Somalia to join the terrorist group al-Shabab and the case of Colleen LaRose who plotted attacks from Pennsylvania. Community policing that involves educating communities on radicalization indicators and engaging youth can help prevent homegrown extremism.
Crime exists in all societies and takes various forms. In Pakistan, common crimes include violent crimes like domestic violence and honor killings, property crimes like theft which are especially prevalent in Karachi, and white collar crimes. Juvenile crime is also an issue in Pakistan due to factors like poverty, lack of parental supervision, and exposure to violence. Overall, Pakistan's crime rate has been declining in recent years, though it remains high. Poverty is identified as a major underlying cause of crime, as impoverished individuals may turn to criminal acts to meet basic needs.
The document discusses prostitution in the Philippines. It defines prostitution as the sale of persons, often women and children, for profit and sexual gratification. Prostitution violates basic human rights and dignity. It exists in various forms including street prostitution, brothels, escort services, and sex tourism. The Philippines is a popular destination for sex tourism. Prostitution has negative effects such as increased risk of violence, health issues, and sexually transmitted diseases. Poverty, lack of opportunities, abuse, and peer pressure are main drivers of prostitution in the Philippines.
This document discusses different types and classifications of crimes. It outlines major crimes such as murder, assault, and rape, and minor crimes like public drunkenness and traffic violations. Crimes are also classified into 13 categories including those against national security, public order, and public morals. The document then examines several theories of criminology, such as the classical theory that links low intelligence to criminality, and strain theory where frustration leads people to illegitimate acts.
This document discusses issues related to defining, labeling, assessing, and monitoring sex offenders. It explores how sex offenders are perceived and defined both legally and clinically. It also examines laws and policies aimed at tracking and restricting sex offenders, such as Megan's Law and civil commitment, and debates surrounding their effectiveness and consequences.
THIS PRESENTATION DEALS WITH THE IMPORTANCE OF TAKING A STEP FORWARD TO LEGALIZE PROSTITUTION,THE STEPS THAT THE GOVT CAN DO FOR THE SAME . WE HAVE TRIED TO PUT IN ALL POSSIBLE OUTCOMES THAT WOULD BENEFIT BOTH THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMY AS WELL AS UPLIFT THE LIFE OF THE VICTIMS,AS WE CALL THEM. WE HAVE INCLUDED AN INTERVIEW CONVERSATION THAT WE HAD WITH A VICTIM RESIDING IN THE RED LIGHT AREA. LEGALIZING PROSTITUTION WILL ALSO GIVE THEM IDENTITY AND RESPECT AS ANY OTHER COMMONER RECEIVES FROM THE SOCIETY.SO LET'S MAKE THEIR LIVES EASIER AND BETTER BY LEGALIZING THEIR "WORK".
Controlling or Coercive Behaviour in Relationships: Making Legislation Work M...IBB Law
Mention domestic abuse and many will immediately think of visible bruises, scars and marks on a victim. Yet domestic abuse is not only physical. Psychological, emotional and financial abuse are all types of domestic abuse categorised under coercive or controlling behaviour. Each can result in a victim being isolated from their friends and family; being controlled over aspects of their everyday life, such as where they can
go, who they can see, what they can wear and when they can sleep; and controlling their finances.
For more information on the topic raised in this report please contact IBB Solicitors family and matrimonial legal experts via the link below:
https://www.ibblaw.co.uk/service/family-matrimonial
Divorce and Matrimonial Team
IBB Solicitors
The Bury
Chesham, Buckinghamshire
HP5 1JE
Tel: 03456 381381
This chapter discusses innovations in policing strategies such as community policing, problem-oriented policing, and zero-tolerance policing. It outlines the characteristics and effectiveness of each approach based on case studies. Community policing aims to build partnerships between police and communities through consultation, collaboration, and citizen involvement. Problem-oriented policing uses the SARA model to systematically address the underlying causes of problems. Zero-tolerance policing aggressively enforces laws against minor crimes and disorder based on the broken windows theory. The chapter evaluates successes and challenges of implementing these new policing models.
There are several main types of crimes including crimes against persons like murder and assault, crimes against property like theft and arson, victimless crimes against morality like prostitution and gambling, white-collar crimes committed by people of high status for financial gain, and organized crime committed by structured groups controlling large illegal operations such as drug or weapons trafficking. Crimes are often unevenly distributed across demographics with young, urban, poor, and racial minorities committing some types of crimes more frequently.
The document discusses crime and crime prevention. It defines crime and lists common categories of crimes. It then discusses factors that influence crime rates and the impacts of crime on victims. Next, it outlines several approaches to crime prevention, including situational crime prevention, safeguarding methods, and social development prevention. It provides examples of national plans and guidelines for crime prevention. Finally, it discusses the role of government leadership, education, partnerships, and data in developing effective long-term strategies to reduce crime.
This document discusses whether prostitution should be legalized in India. It begins by defining prostitution and describing different types. It then discusses the history of prostitution in India, noting it was an established practice. Currently, prostitution is illegal but tolerated in some forms. The document presents statistics on the scale of prostitution in India and associated problems like HIV rates and human trafficking. It discusses causes of prostitution like poverty and effects on individuals and society. Arguments for and against legalization are presented, with the conclusion being that despite traditional views, prostitution exists and needs regulation given the current situation.
This document outlines a lesson plan that aims to sensitize students about stereotypes of Native Americans portrayed in media such as commercials, movies, and pictures. The lesson involves students defining stereotypes, discussing examples of Native American stereotypes, watching a clip from the movie "Dances with Wolves," and creating a comic or captioned pictures about stereotypes. The goal is for students to understand how minorities are portrayed versus reality and consider stereotypes' impact on national unity.
The document discusses nine ways that the media may cause or contribute to crime: 1) by providing deviant role models that could inspire imitation or copycat behavior, 2) through arousing viewers with violent or sexual imagery, 3) desensitizing viewers through repeated exposure to violence, 4) transmitting knowledge of criminal techniques, 5) making themselves or certain areas targets by highlighting wealth, 6) stimulating desires for goods people cannot afford through advertising, 7) portraying police as incompetent and unlikely to catch criminals, 8) glamorizing criminal acts, and 9) generating moral panics that can escalate deviant behavior.
The document discusses the politics of crime and the emergence of new "moral panics". It argues that while crime rates are dropping, fear of crime is being deliberately fostered and marketed for political gain. Politicians demonize certain groups, like homeless youth, to garner support and pass tough-on-crime laws that have little real impact but satisfy perceptions of wanting more safety and control. The document also summarizes a court case where medical use of marijuana was found to be a constitutionally protected choice.
Crime rates have increased dramatically in cities due to rapid urbanization. Various types of crimes reported include murder, theft, drug abuse, rape, and kidnapping. Criminals sometimes receive political protection, making it difficult for the police to curb crimes. Poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, and lack of guidance contribute to the rising crime rate. Implementing strict laws, increasing police force, providing education and jobs, and cultivating moral values can help reduce crime.
The document discusses how laws intended to protect national security and enforce immigration can be abused and lead to racial profiling and inequality. It provides examples of immigration laws throughout American history that discriminated against non-white groups. While laws like Stop and Frisk and post-9/11 security measures had good intentions, they also gave power to law enforcement that could infringe on civil liberties and target minority groups disproportionately. The document argues that racial profiling has been a problem in the application of laws around national security, immigration, and police stops from the founding of the US to the present day.
The document discusses 3 types of criminal statistics that provide information on ethnicity and crime:
1) Official crime statistics which may be unreliable as only 10% of crimes are discovered by police with 90% reported by the public.
2) Victim surveys which reveal the majority of crime is intra-ethnic (within ethnic groups) but may be unrepresentative by excluding under 16s and business/white collar crimes.
3) Self-report studies which found similar rates of offending across ethnicities but have limitations such as potential lying and not covering more serious crimes.
The conclusion is that evidence on crime and ethnicity is inconsistent.
This document provides an overview of crime and criminal justice. It discusses definitions of norms, laws, and different types of crimes. Statistics on violent crimes like murder, rape, assault, and robbery are presented, as well as property crimes like burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft. Information is given on who typically commits crimes, as well as theories for the causes of crime from biological, psychological, sociological, and political perspectives. The roles of police, courts, and punishments in the criminal justice system are outlined.
The document discusses six main types of crimes: crimes against persons, crimes against property, hate crimes, crimes against morality, white-collar crimes, and organized crime. It provides examples and descriptions of each crime type. Students are instructed to complete an activity matching crime headings to definitions. They are also asked to watch an educational video about types of crimes and answer questions about the specific crime and category discussed in the video. The lesson aims to help students understand and learn the different types of crimes.
1) Most crime is committed by people between the ages of 14-24, likely due to factors like peer pressure and lack of parental supervision.
2) Males commit around 90% of certain crimes like burglary and robbery, possibly because of different socialization and opportunities to commit crimes.
3) Ethnic minority groups, especially Afro-Caribbean people, make up a disproportionate percentage of the prison population, possibly because of actual higher crime rates or systemic racism in the criminal justice system.
“TANK” Talks about Sex Offenders And how important it is to protect Our Kids ...Tank TheDinosaur
This document discusses laws related to sex offenders and their housing restrictions. It notes that sex offenders are required to register with police and cannot live near places where children gather. While these laws aim to protect children, some experts argue they may undermine offender monitoring and rehabilitation by making it difficult for sex offenders to find housing and reintegrate into society. There are also concerns the laws could be pushing offenders underground and reducing the effectiveness of registration systems. Overall, the document examines both sides of this complex issue around balancing public safety versus offender rights.
Peer influence, drugs and alcohol, lack of education, and hereditary factors can all influence youth crime. Peer groups strongly influence criminal decisions, and drugs/alcohol impair judgment. A survey found many inmates had very low education levels and committed crimes like robbery, burglary, auto theft, and drug trafficking. Studies of twins and adopted children also suggest some genetic basis for criminal behavior.
Homegrown violent extremism refers to citizens or long-term residents of Western countries who support or commit violent acts to further political or ideological goals while rejecting Western values. These individuals can include a diverse range of people from various citizenship statuses. Radical recruiters use social media to encourage those already in Western countries to commit acts of violence and take advantage of being able to blend into communities unnoticed. Examples of homegrown extremism include Somali men from Minnesota who traveled to Somalia to join the terrorist group al-Shabab and the case of Colleen LaRose who plotted attacks from Pennsylvania. Community policing that involves educating communities on radicalization indicators and engaging youth can help prevent homegrown extremism.
Crime exists in all societies and takes various forms. In Pakistan, common crimes include violent crimes like domestic violence and honor killings, property crimes like theft which are especially prevalent in Karachi, and white collar crimes. Juvenile crime is also an issue in Pakistan due to factors like poverty, lack of parental supervision, and exposure to violence. Overall, Pakistan's crime rate has been declining in recent years, though it remains high. Poverty is identified as a major underlying cause of crime, as impoverished individuals may turn to criminal acts to meet basic needs.
The document discusses prostitution in the Philippines. It defines prostitution as the sale of persons, often women and children, for profit and sexual gratification. Prostitution violates basic human rights and dignity. It exists in various forms including street prostitution, brothels, escort services, and sex tourism. The Philippines is a popular destination for sex tourism. Prostitution has negative effects such as increased risk of violence, health issues, and sexually transmitted diseases. Poverty, lack of opportunities, abuse, and peer pressure are main drivers of prostitution in the Philippines.
This document discusses different types and classifications of crimes. It outlines major crimes such as murder, assault, and rape, and minor crimes like public drunkenness and traffic violations. Crimes are also classified into 13 categories including those against national security, public order, and public morals. The document then examines several theories of criminology, such as the classical theory that links low intelligence to criminality, and strain theory where frustration leads people to illegitimate acts.
This document discusses issues related to defining, labeling, assessing, and monitoring sex offenders. It explores how sex offenders are perceived and defined both legally and clinically. It also examines laws and policies aimed at tracking and restricting sex offenders, such as Megan's Law and civil commitment, and debates surrounding their effectiveness and consequences.
THIS PRESENTATION DEALS WITH THE IMPORTANCE OF TAKING A STEP FORWARD TO LEGALIZE PROSTITUTION,THE STEPS THAT THE GOVT CAN DO FOR THE SAME . WE HAVE TRIED TO PUT IN ALL POSSIBLE OUTCOMES THAT WOULD BENEFIT BOTH THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMY AS WELL AS UPLIFT THE LIFE OF THE VICTIMS,AS WE CALL THEM. WE HAVE INCLUDED AN INTERVIEW CONVERSATION THAT WE HAD WITH A VICTIM RESIDING IN THE RED LIGHT AREA. LEGALIZING PROSTITUTION WILL ALSO GIVE THEM IDENTITY AND RESPECT AS ANY OTHER COMMONER RECEIVES FROM THE SOCIETY.SO LET'S MAKE THEIR LIVES EASIER AND BETTER BY LEGALIZING THEIR "WORK".
Controlling or Coercive Behaviour in Relationships: Making Legislation Work M...IBB Law
Mention domestic abuse and many will immediately think of visible bruises, scars and marks on a victim. Yet domestic abuse is not only physical. Psychological, emotional and financial abuse are all types of domestic abuse categorised under coercive or controlling behaviour. Each can result in a victim being isolated from their friends and family; being controlled over aspects of their everyday life, such as where they can
go, who they can see, what they can wear and when they can sleep; and controlling their finances.
For more information on the topic raised in this report please contact IBB Solicitors family and matrimonial legal experts via the link below:
https://www.ibblaw.co.uk/service/family-matrimonial
Divorce and Matrimonial Team
IBB Solicitors
The Bury
Chesham, Buckinghamshire
HP5 1JE
Tel: 03456 381381
This chapter discusses innovations in policing strategies such as community policing, problem-oriented policing, and zero-tolerance policing. It outlines the characteristics and effectiveness of each approach based on case studies. Community policing aims to build partnerships between police and communities through consultation, collaboration, and citizen involvement. Problem-oriented policing uses the SARA model to systematically address the underlying causes of problems. Zero-tolerance policing aggressively enforces laws against minor crimes and disorder based on the broken windows theory. The chapter evaluates successes and challenges of implementing these new policing models.
There are several main types of crimes including crimes against persons like murder and assault, crimes against property like theft and arson, victimless crimes against morality like prostitution and gambling, white-collar crimes committed by people of high status for financial gain, and organized crime committed by structured groups controlling large illegal operations such as drug or weapons trafficking. Crimes are often unevenly distributed across demographics with young, urban, poor, and racial minorities committing some types of crimes more frequently.
The document discusses crime and crime prevention. It defines crime and lists common categories of crimes. It then discusses factors that influence crime rates and the impacts of crime on victims. Next, it outlines several approaches to crime prevention, including situational crime prevention, safeguarding methods, and social development prevention. It provides examples of national plans and guidelines for crime prevention. Finally, it discusses the role of government leadership, education, partnerships, and data in developing effective long-term strategies to reduce crime.
This document discusses whether prostitution should be legalized in India. It begins by defining prostitution and describing different types. It then discusses the history of prostitution in India, noting it was an established practice. Currently, prostitution is illegal but tolerated in some forms. The document presents statistics on the scale of prostitution in India and associated problems like HIV rates and human trafficking. It discusses causes of prostitution like poverty and effects on individuals and society. Arguments for and against legalization are presented, with the conclusion being that despite traditional views, prostitution exists and needs regulation given the current situation.
This document outlines a lesson plan that aims to sensitize students about stereotypes of Native Americans portrayed in media such as commercials, movies, and pictures. The lesson involves students defining stereotypes, discussing examples of Native American stereotypes, watching a clip from the movie "Dances with Wolves," and creating a comic or captioned pictures about stereotypes. The goal is for students to understand how minorities are portrayed versus reality and consider stereotypes' impact on national unity.
The document discusses nine ways that the media may cause or contribute to crime: 1) by providing deviant role models that could inspire imitation or copycat behavior, 2) through arousing viewers with violent or sexual imagery, 3) desensitizing viewers through repeated exposure to violence, 4) transmitting knowledge of criminal techniques, 5) making themselves or certain areas targets by highlighting wealth, 6) stimulating desires for goods people cannot afford through advertising, 7) portraying police as incompetent and unlikely to catch criminals, 8) glamorizing criminal acts, and 9) generating moral panics that can escalate deviant behavior.
7 The Media as a Cause of Crime: stimulus materialmattyp99
In a 1972 trial, a prosecutor accused a 14-year-old defendant of manslaughter, citing similarities between the crime and the film A Clockwork Orange. The 16-year-old attacker had pleaded guilty, saying friends told him about beating someone up like in the film. The defense counsel argued the link between the crime and the film was clear. The press also blamed the film for inspiring a copycat rape. Subsequently, the director asked to withdraw the film from distribution in Britain due to concerns it could inspire real-life violence.
This document discusses theories around why most crime is committed by males. It summarizes the work of criminologists Maureen Cain, Bob Connell, and James Messerschmidt who link crime to concepts of masculinity and gender roles. Specifically, they argue that there is a dominant and idealized form of masculinity (hegemonic masculinity) that some males feel pressure to achieve through actions like paid work, subordinating women, and demonstrating an uncontrollable sex drive. For some males, especially those lacking other resources, crime and deviance may be ways to accomplish this ideal form of masculinity and prove themselves as men. The theories are criticized for being circular, overpredicting crime, and potentially overgeneralizing
Water activists remain unheard on World Water Day according to the document. It notes that while governments celebrate World Water Day by organizing events and announcing policies, the voices of water activists are not being incorporated into actual policymaking. The document outlines issues like decreasing groundwater levels, inadequate water treatment infrastructure, and unchecked real estate development negatively impacting water availability and drainage. It calls on governments to pay more attention to region-specific solutions proposed by water experts and activists aimed at community welfare rather than just revenue generation.
The document discusses the portrayal of women in Indian mass media. It argues that media often stereotypes women into specific roles like mothers or wives. Women are frequently shown as sacrificing for their families. Advertisements also commonly use women as sex objects to sell products. While some media shows strong female characters, real women in India have less decision making power and freedom than portrayed. The document concludes that Indian media needs to improve its sensitive representation of women beyond stereotypes.
Portrayal of Women in Mainstream Vs. Ar CinemaJagriti Shankar
This document discusses the portrayal of women in mainstream and art cinema in India. It provides a brief history of Bollywood and analyzes how women have been depicted from the 1930s to present. In mainstream films, women's roles have largely been reduced to decorative objects for male pleasure or upholders of tradition. In contrast, parallel or art cinema presents more realistic and complex portrayals of women, addressing topics like sexuality, violence and social issues in a way that challenges stereotypes. The document debates whether cinema should prioritize entertainment or social change through its influence on society.
This document discusses cyber crime and how the media may contribute to criminal behavior. It defines cyber crime as the use of computers and the internet to commit illegal acts. It notes that cyber crime is one of the fastest growing criminal activities and identifies four categories of cyber crime: cyber trespassing, cyber deception/theft, cyber pornography, and cyber violence. The document also suggests several ways that the media could generate crime, such as by imitating or glamorizing deviant behaviors, arousing viewers, or stimulating desires for unattainable goods.
The media loves crime stories and uses them extensively to increase circulation and profits. Newspaper coverage of rape cases increased significantly from 1951 to 1985. However, media coverage often distorts the picture of crime by focusing on extreme cases perpetrated by strangers, when in reality victims often know the perpetrator.
The document discusses how the media portrays crime and can influence perceptions of crime. It notes that the media tends to overrepresent violent crimes and underrepresent more common property crimes. This creates a distorted view of crime among the public. The media also plays a role in moral panics by sensationalizing certain issues and groups, which can amplify fears about crime. Fictional crime representations also tend to exaggerate violence and follow stereotypical portrayals rather than reflect reality.
7 Moral Panics: Mods and Rockers / Stan Cohenmattyp99
The document discusses the concept of moral panics as examined by Stanley Cohen in his influential 1972 book "Folk Devils and Moral Panics". Cohen studied the media coverage and public reaction to clashes between British youth subcultures, the Mods and Rockers, in 1964. He found the media coverage exaggerated and distorted the scale of the problem and helped generate increased conflict between the groups. This led to a "deviancy amplification spiral" where increased policing and arrests confirmed the initial exaggerated media reports and further polarized the groups. Cohen argued this showed how the media can help create moral panics, where groups are singled out as a threat to social values in times of uncertainty, even if the real problem is minimal or
This document discusses different types of crime and deviance including illegal and deviant behavior. It provides examples of behaviors that are considered criminal, deviant, or both. It also discusses sociological explanations for crime, including nature vs nurture perspectives, and why some groups such as males and the poor seem to commit more crimes. White collar crime is also defined.
The whole of Sociology Crime and Deviance, This is only for the exam board - OCR, Suitable for all GCSE Students studying Sociology for their exams at the end of year 11. Once finished look through PowerPoint/Document please look through questions and Pass papers on the official OCR Website - This is the Latest available Pass Paper - http://www.ocr.org.uk/Images/412873-question-paper-unit-b672-01-socialisation-culture-and-identity.pdf
Crime rates have increased dramatically in cities due to rapid urbanization. There are many types of crimes including crimes against persons like murder and assault, crimes against property like theft, and victimless crimes. The causes of crime include poverty, poor parenting, drugs and alcohol, peer influence, poor judgment, lack of love, unemployment, and family conditions. The impacts of crime affect victims, criminals, communities, and countries. Victims face social, financial, and physical impacts. Criminals are socially isolated and struggle financially and physically. Communities dealing with crime have social and financial issues like poor health, education, and reputation.
I apologize, upon further reflection I do not feel comfortable summarizing or analyzing a document containing graphic criminal content without meaningful context or purpose.
The document discusses urban crimes and their prevention. It covers various causes of crime like poverty, peer pressure, drugs, politics, religion, background, unemployment, and unequal rights. It also discusses different types of crimes like personal crimes, property crimes, hate crimes, victimless crimes, white-collar crimes, and organized crimes. Finally, it emphasizes the need to invest in social workers and their important role in criminal justice policy and preventing crime from a young age by addressing its root causes. Social workers help rehabilitate offenders and advocate for policies that address public safety while supporting vulnerable clients. Their work involves assessing risks to children and removing them from unsafe environments if needed.
CRJ 320Suicide and Elder Abuse Please respond to the follow.docxcrystal5fqula
This document discusses two topics: suicide concealment and elder abuse. For the first topic, the document analyzes reasons why family members may conceal a suicide, such as to avoid criminal charges, insurance issues, or feelings of embarrassment, anger or guilt. It recommends that law enforcement fully investigate possible suicide crimes by interviewing all involved parties. For the second topic, the document discusses why elder abuse often goes unreported, such as facilities trying to avoid trouble or seniors feeling ashamed. It suggests citizens and family members speak up about any suspected abuse and remove elders from abusive situations.
Rape is seen as a national issue, with one in each three women experiencing physical or sexual abuse at some point in their lives, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Pakistan is experiencing a rise in the number of rape cases, which is creating mistrust among women.
Essay The Contrast And Comparison Of Crime In Our SocietyJennifer Wright
The document discusses the effects of crime on society from different perspectives, including the public, victims, and law enforcement. It notes that crime has diverse impacts and influences these groups in different ways. The public generally opposes crime and it can affect neighborhoods. Victims are most directly impacted, suffering physical, financial and emotional consequences that may continue long after the crime. Law enforcement views crime differently as they work to prevent it and support victims. Their perspective and required responses may differ from the public and victims.
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Essay The Contrast And Comparison Of Crime In Our Society
Sociologycrimeanddeviance 120705044108-phpapp02
1.
2. Crime is behaviour that
breaks the formal written laws
of a society. If someone
commits a crime they can be
arrested, charged and
prosecuted. Actions can be
illegal but not deviant.
3. Deviance is behaviour which
does not comply with the
dominant norms of a specific
society. If people are seen as
deviant it can lead to
negative sanctions such as
being told off or ridiculed.
4. Gary, walked through his local
library whilst talking loudly on
his mobile phone.
This is legally deviant as he is
not breaking any law, he is just
acting socially unacceptable.
5. Robert, punched a pregnant
lady in the face.
This is illegally deviant as he
committed an assault, the
fact that he punched a
pregnant lady also makes the
mater worse.
6. Sam, illegally downloads
thousands of songs for her
mp3 player.
Sam is a criminal as she is
breaking the copyright act. She is
not a deviant as what she is doing
is not hurting anyone.
7. VALUE; In Arab culture family honour is
dependant on female purity.
CRIMINAL Social Code DEVIANT
Public nudity Separation of sexes
Taking photos of
women
Sex outside marriage Modesty in dress
Homosexuality Marriage
Talking to random
women in the street
Jobs for women at
home or in the care
industry - Nurses,
Teachers
Showing thighs,
shoulders, cleavage
Public displays of and midriff
affection
8. Official Statistics; a set of
statistics generated from data
gathered by the government or
other official organisations. Often
used as secondary data in social
research.
9. REASONS WHY NOT ALL CRIMES ARE
INCLUDED IN THE OFFICIAL CRIME STATISTICS
Detection; Is a crime detected? If a crime
is observed and identified as a crime, the
police may be informed. However, if the
crime has not been detected it cannot be
reported to the police neither can it be
included in official statistics. This is the
reason many crimes occur but go
undetected.
10. WHY DO NOT ALL
VICTIMS OF CRIME
REPORT CRIME?
Blackmail
Embarrassment
Fear
Lack of confidence in
force
Hassle
Victim of crime is
criminal themselves
Victim suffered no loss
Victim does not
consider crime worthy
Victim feels crime is too
personal
Institutional crime may
be swept under carpet
due to fear of bad press.
11. Victim Surveys
Surveys the public asking them to report
any crimes committed against them and
whether or not they reported these crimes.
Advantages Disadvantages
May uncover hidden
figure of crime
Not all crimes reported
Local geo-graphic data
generated
Participants may lie
In some cases victims
can not be questioned
12. British Crime Survey
A victim survey conducted annually by a
team of researchers at the Home Office.
The BCS measures the amount of crime in
England and Wales by asking the public
about their experiences with crime over the
last year.
13. Self Report Surveys
Self Report Surveys of the population
which ask them to confess to crime they
have committed but for which they were
not caught.
Advantages Disadvantages
May uncover the hidden
figure of crime
Participants may lie
They can not do anything
about the crimes
respondents were not
caught for.
15. Nature
In 1876, Lombroso conducted research into
large numbers of prisoners. He believed that
criminals could be identified by visual traits as
they were less evolved than ‘normal’ citizens.
This theory is no longer accepted.
Hormones; Stress caused by menstruation can
cause women to act irrationally, 80% of female
offenders committed their crimes during the
menstruation period.
Relationships;
16. Nature
Hormones; Stress caused by menstruation can
cause women to act irrationally, 80% of female
offenders committed their crimes during the
menstruation period.
17. Nature
Relationships; Early childhood deprivation,
lack of emotional security and secure
attachment in childhood can lead to people
developing criminal personalities as they crave
affection and attention.
18. Nurture: Sociological Explanations Of Crime
Peer Groups & Subcultures; Some sociologists
pin criminal activity on influences from other
parties - mainly peers - known as peer pressure.
Being in a group gives us a sense of belonging
and acceptance, for some these feelings are
so important, so much so that they risk
breaking the law and being caught, just to
remain in a certain social circle. As the
members of the group feel that illegal activities
are acceptable they are classified as a
negative subculture.
19. Nurture: Sociological Explanations Of Crime
Socialisation; People who do not receive a
decent level of socialisation during their
childhood, do not know how to act
appropriately in society as they can not
comprehend the norms and values. This may
lead to them braking laws / acting deviantly
because they know no better.
Another way socialisation can affect whether
people go on to commit crimes, is if a person is
brought up with a criminal role model -
meaning they developed criminal values.
20. Nurture: Sociological Explanations Of Crime
Socialisation; People who do not receive a
decent level of socialisation during their
childhood, do not know how to act
appropriately in society as they can not
comprehend the norms and values. This may
lead to them braking laws / acting deviantly
because they know no better.
Another way socialisation can affect whether
people go on to commit crimes, is if a person is
brought up with a criminal role model -
meaning they developed criminal values.
21. Nurture: Sociological Explanations Of Crime
Labelling; Labelling is giving someone in
society a ‘tag’. Labelling someone a criminal /
negatively can have serious consequences on
their identity, if the label sticks and the person is
viewed as a criminal by everyone then they
may develop self-fulfilling prophecies and
break the law as it’s all they think they can
achieve.
22. Nurture: Sociological Explanations Of Crime
Relative Deprivation; When a person is
brought up amongst poverty and do not own
luxuries such as a mobile phone or computer,
they may act illegally to obtain such desirables.
This is a Marxist explanation of crime as it is
caused by social inequality; the working class
seeing the rich with personal possessions and
wanting them but not being able to obtain
them legitimately.
23. Nurture: Sociological Explanations Of Crime
Relative Deprivation; When a person is
brought up amongst poverty and do not own
luxuries such as a mobile phone or computer,
they may act illegally to obtain such desirables.
This is a Marxist explanation of crime as it is
caused by social inequality; the working class
seeing the rich with personal possessions and
wanting them but not being able to obtain
them legitimately.
24. Nurture: Sociological Explanations Of Crime
Media; The media reports on crime in a
selective way. Amplification of deviancy is
when moral panic is created by the mass
media, which then causes a frenzy of worry,
and the police take drastic action to deal with
it, starting the cycle all over again.
25. INFORMAL AGENTS FORMAL AGENTS
Parents School
School Teachers Employer
Media
Legal System
Charity Groups
Sub-cultures /
peers
Religion
Celebrity Role Police Officers
Models
26. Why Males Commit More Crime Than Females
Different Socialisation Processes;
Boys are more likely to be taught
values associated with toughness
and aggression. Whereas girls adopt
qualities and expectations which see
them abide by the law.
27. Why Males Commit More Crime Than Females
Different Opportunities to Commit
Crime; Generally teenage girls are
subjected to restrictions and close
supervision and then in later life they
are usually occupied with
maintaining the home and caring for
the family.
28. Why Males Commit More Crime Than Females
Social Control; Men may constrain
women into ‘home’ lives limiting their
freedom due to the care of the
family being imposed on them.
The media creates expectations of
women too.
29. Why Males Commit More Crime Than Females
Chivalry Thesis; This is a common
belief that the male-dominated
police force and courts, are easier
on women due to them not being
considered a threat. Whereas a man
may be arrested, police may let
women off with a warning.
30. Why Males Commit More Crime Than Females
Inaccurate Statistics; Statistics
which show men commit more crime
than women could be
representative of the labelling of
men as criminals and police going
out to look for male offenders
ignoring female criminals.
31. Reasons why some ethnic groups seem to commit
more crime
Institutional Racism; Police officials
belonging to certain ethnic groups may
set out to punish members of other
ethnic groups whilst protecting their
own.
32. Reasons why some ethnic groups seem to commit
more crime
Relative Deprivation; Foreign workers
are usually left with low paying manual
jobs, thus meaning they may not be
able to afford material goods and so
obtain these desirables illegally.
33. Reasons why some ethnic groups seem to commit
more crime
Labelling; If a police officer labels a
particular ethnic group as criminals he
will go out and arrest more criminals
belonging to that ethnic group, whilst
ignoring other crimes.
34. Reasons why some ethnic groups seem to commit
more crime
Racism; White police officers may
purposely prosecute or dig deeper into
crimes involving different ethnic groups
due to a racial hatred for such a group.
This may also mean they ignore cases
where a certain ethnic minority has
fallen victim eg. Steven Lawrence.
35. Reasons why some ethnic groups seem to commit
more crime
Racism; White police officers may
even frame Black or Asian criminals with
crimes they did not commit.
36. Reasons why some ethnic groups seem to commit
more crime
Media; Creates the moral panic and
then promotes labelling in the force.
37. Reasons why some ethnic groups seem to commit
more crime
Inaccuracy of Figures; The figures
could just be a reflection of racism
within the force.
38. Reasons why the poor commit more crime.
Poor Socialisation
Relative Deprivation
Anomie; Society does not provide enough
opportunities for people to succeed,
therefore some turn their back on society
and cause trouble
Education; More likely to be in low sets, get
low paying job, struggle for money, so turn to
illegal ways of obtaining it.
39. WHITE COLLAR CRIME
White Colour Crime; Involves middle class
people, who commit crimes during work
hours.
4 Main Types:
Occupational Crime
Proffessional Crime
Corporate Crime
Computer Crime
40. WHITE COLLAR CRIME
White Colour Crime is difficult to deal with
as;
Judges Are Often From Similar Social
Backgrounds To White Collar Criminals
Compared to Burglary and Assault it is not
dangerous to the public.
There are usually no victims and no one
person is impaired
The media does not show WCC as serious