Unit 3 Arts of Neoclassicism

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NNEEOOCCLLAASSSSIICCIISSMM,, 11778800 -- 11884400
Neoclassic – Greek word neos meaning new and
the Latin word classicus which is similar in
meaning to the English phrase first class.
> The Western movement in decorative and
visual arts was called Neoclassicism.
> coincided with the 18th century Age of
Reason also known as the Age of
Enlightenment.
Matt H. Evans, matt@exinfm.com

Neoclassical art pieces such as paintings,
sculpture, and architecture generally portrayed
Roman history which elevated the Roman
heroes.
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Characteristics:
 portrayal of Roman history
 formal composition
 the use of diagonals to show the peak of an
emotion or moment
 local color
Overall lighting
Classic geo structure

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NEOCLASSICAL PPAAIINNTTIINNGG
Neoclassical artists embraced the ideas of order
and moderation in which artistic interpretations
of classic Greek and Roman history were
restored to realistic portrayals.
Neoclassical painters gave great importance to
the costumes, settings and details of classical
subject matter without adding distracting
details but with as much historical accuracy as
possible.

4
NNeeoo--ccllaassssiiccaall aarrttiissttss
1. Jacques-Louis David (1748-
1825) France
 was an influential French
painter
 considered to be the pre-eminent
painter
 his paintings were more on
history
Famous Artworks:
The Death of Marat
Napoleon Crossing the Alps
Oath of the Horatii

5
TThhee DDeeaatthh ooff MMaarraatt
David’s masterpiece
shows the portrayal
of a revolutionary
martyr. This is a
painting of the
murdered French
revolutionary leader
Jean Paul Marat.

6
NNaappoolleeoonn CCrroossssiinngg tthhee AAllppss
The painting that
showed a strongly
idealized view of the
real crossing that
Napoleon and his
army made across
the Alps through th
Great St. Bernard
Pass in May 1800.

7
OOaatthh ooff HHoorraattiiii
It was a large painting
that depicts a scene
from a Roman legend
about the dispute
between Rome and Alba
Longa. The three
brothers, all of whom
appear willing to
sacrifice their lives for
the good of Rome, are
shown saluting their
father who holds their
swords out for them.

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2. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
(1780-1867) France
 Was influenced by Italian
Renaissance Painters
 His paintings were usually
nudes, portraits and
mythological themes.
 Regarded as one of the great
exemplars of academic art and
one of the finest Old Masters
of his era.
Famous Artworks:
 Portrait of Napoleon on the
Imperial Throne
 The Apotheosis of Homer

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Portrait of NNaappoolleeoonn oonn tthhee IImmppeerriiaall TThhrroonnee
The painting depicts
Napoleon in his decadent
coronation costume, seated
upon his golden-entrusted
throne, hand resting upon
smooth ivory balls. During his
reign, the painting was owned
by the Corps Legislatif which
was a part of the French
Legislature. The painting was
believed to be commissioned
by Napoleon as King of Italy.

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TThhee AAppootthheeoossiiss ooff HHoommeerr
The painting was a state
commission by Charles
X to have him
remembered in the
building works of
Louvre. The painting
depicts an image of
Homer, receiving all the
brilliant men of Rome,
Greece and
contemporary times.

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NEOCLASSICAL SSCCUULLPPTTUURREESS
The Neoclassical period was one of the great
ages of public sculpture. Artists looked to
Roman styles during the time of Alexander the
Great for inspiration as well as to mimic their
style.

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1. Antonio Canova (1757-
1822) Italy
 Was a prolific Italian artist
and sculptor
 He became famous for
marble sculptures
Famous Artworks:
 Psyche Awakened by
Cupid’s Kiss
 Washington

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Psyche AAwwaakkeenneedd bbyy CCuuppiidd’’ss KKiissss
A marble sculpture
portraying the
relationship pf Psyche
and Cupid

14
WWaasshhiinnggttoonn
This is a marble
sculpture of Washington
currently displayed at
North Carolina Museum
of History.

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2. Bertel Thorvaldsen (1789-
1838) Denmark
 Was the first internationally
acclaimed Danish artist.
 He executed sculptures of
mythological and religious
themes characters.
Famous Artworks:
 Christ
 Lion of Lucerne

16
CChhrriisstt
A marble sculpture
image of resurrected
Christ currently located
at the Thorvaldsen
Museum.

17
LLiioonn ooff LLuucceerrnnee
A sculpture of a dying
lion in Lucerne,
Switzerland that
commemorates the
Swiss Guards who were
massacred in 1792
during the French
Revolution.

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NEOCLASSICAL AARRCCHHIITTEECCTTUURREE
In its purest form, Neoclassical architecture
was a style principally derived from the
architecture of Classical Greece and Rome and
the architectural designs of the Italian architect
Andrea Palladio.

TYPES OF NEOCLASSICAL AARRCCHHIITTEECCTTUURREE::
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 Temple Style > was based on an ancient temple.
 Palladian Style > were based on style of villa construction.
Robert Adam (1728 – 1792) Britain
- He was known as the Palladian architect of the Neoclassical who
designed two well-known American civic buildings – The White House
and the United States Capitol
 Classical Block Style >features a rectangular or square plan, with a
flat roof and an exterior rich in classical detail.
Henri Labrouste – His masterpiece is the Library of Sainte-Genevieve
Charles Garnier – He designed the most famous classical block of all
which is the Palais Garnier

20
Most famous TTeemmppllee SSttyyllee BBuuiillddiinngg
Pantheon, Paris
by Jacques-Germain Soufflot
> is a building in the Latin
Quarter of Paris, France.
Paris' Pantheon was
originally built as a church
dedicated to St.
Genevieve, modelled after
the Pantheon in Rome, but
after many changes now
combines liturgical functions
with its role as a famous
burial place.

BBrriittiisshh MMuusseeuumm,, LLoonnddoonn
bbyy RRoobbeerrtt SSmmiirrkkee
>> iiss aa mmuusseeuumm iinn LLoonnddoonn ddeeddiiccaatteedd ttoo hhuummaann hhiissttoorryy aanndd ccuullttuurree.. IIttss ppeerrmmaanneenntt
ccoolllleeccttiioonn,, nnuummbbeerriinngg ssoommee 88 mmiilllliioonn wwoorrkkss,, iiss aammoonngg tthhee llaarrggeesstt aanndd mmoosstt
ccoommpprreehheennssiivvee iinn eexxiisstteennccee aanndd oorriiggiinnaatteess ffrroomm aallll ccoonnttiinneennttss,, iilllluussttrraattiinngg aanndd
ddooccuummeennttiinngg tthhee ssttoorryy ooff hhuummaann ccuullttuurree ffrroomm iittss bbeeggiinnnniinnggss ttoo tthhee pprreesseenntt..
21

LLaa MMaaddeelleeiinnee ddee PPaarriiss
bbyy PPiieerrrree--AAlleexxaannddrree VViiggnnoonn
>> iiss aa cchhuurrcchh ddeeddiiccaatteedd ttoo SStt.. MMaarryy MMaaggddaalleennee iinn PPaarriiss.. IItt wwaass ddeessiiggnneedd aass aa ccllaassssiiccaall
tteemmppllee ttoo tthhee gglloorryy ooff NNaappoolleeoonn''ss aarrmmyy..
22

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Most famous PPaallllaaddiiaann SSttyyllee BBuuiillddiinngg
White House
> The White House is the
official residence and
principal workplace of the
President of the United
States, located at 1600
Pennsylvania Avenue NW in
Washington, D.C. It has
been the residence of every
U.S. president since John
Adams in 1800.

U.S. Capitol Building > is among the most architecturally impressive aanndd ssyymmbboolliiccaallllyy
iimmppoorrttaanntt bbuuiillddiinnggss iinn tthhee wwoorrlldd.. IItt hhaass hhoouusseedd tthhee mmeeeettiinngg cchhaammbbeerrss ooff tthhee SSeennaattee
aanndd tthhee HHoouussee ooff RReepprreesseennttaattiivveess ffoorr oovveerr ttwwoo cceennttuurriieess.. BBeegguunn iinn 11779933,, tthhee UU..SS..
CCaappiittooll hhaass bbeeeenn bbuuiilltt,, bbuurrnntt,, rreebbuuiilltt,, eexxtteennddeedd aanndd rreessttoorreedd;; ttooddaayy,, iitt ssttaannddss aass aa
mmoonnuummeenntt nnoott oonnllyy ttoo iittss bbuuiillddeerrss bbuutt aallssoo ttoo tthhee AAmmeerriiccaann ppeeooppllee aanndd tthheeiirr
ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt..
24

25
Most famous Classical BBlloocckk SSttyyllee BBuuiillddiinngg
The Bibliotheque Sainte-
Genevieve
> is a French National
located at Paris, France. The
current structure, built by
architect Henri Labrouste
in 1851. The
library inherited the manuscripts
and collections of one of the
oldest
abbeys in Europe, the Abbey of
Sainte – Genevieve. Buried in the
crypt in 502, Sainte Genevieve
gave her name to very institutions
she served: the church, the
abbey, and the library.

Palais Garnier > A 19th-century architectural masterpiece, tthhee PPaallaaiiss GGaarrnniieerr OOppeerraa
HHoouussee,, bbuuiilltt bbyy CChhaarrlleess GGaarrnniieerr aanndd ooppeenneedd iinn 11887755,, iiss tthhee 1133tthh ooppeerraa hhoouussee iinn PPaarriiss
ssiinnccee tthhee iinnttrroodduuccttiioonn ooff FFrreenncchh ooppeerraa bbyy LLoouuiiss XXIIVV iinn 11666699.. NNaappoolleeoonn IIIIII
ccoommmmiissssiioonneedd iitt aass ppaarrtt ooff tthhee rreennoovvaattiioonn wwoorrkkss iinn tthhee ccaappiittaall ccaarrrriieedd oouutt uunnddeerr hhiiss
ccoommmmaanndd bbyy BBaarroonn HHaauussssmmaannnn..
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New York Public Library > is a public system in New York CCiittyy.. WWiitthh nneeaarrllyy 5533
mmiilllliioonn iitteemmss,, tthhee NNeeww YYoorrkk PPuubblliicc LLiibbrraarryy iiss tthhee sseeccoonndd llaarrggeesstt ppuubblliicc lliibbrraarryy iinn
tthhee UUnniitteedd SSttaatteess bbeehhiinndd oonnllyy tthhee LLiibbrraarryy CCoonnggrreessss..
27

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MMaassssaacchhuusseettttss aanndd UUnniitteedd SSttaatteess ffoouunnddeedd iinn 1188488..TThhee BBoossttoonn PPuubblliicc LLiibbrraarryy iiss
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aarree eennttiittlleedd ttoo bboorrrroowwiinngg aanndd rreesseeaarrcchh pprriivviilleeggeess,, aanndd tthhee lliibbrraarryy rreecceeiivveess ssttaattee
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eennccoommppaassssiinngg aallll ffoorrmmaattss iinncclluuddiinngg bbooookkss,, DDVVDDss,, mmaappss,, mmuussiicc ssccoorreess,, aanndd
vviissuuaall.. IInn ffiissccaall yyeeaarr 2200114,, tthhee lliibbrraarryy hheelldd oovveerr 1100,,000000 pprrooggrraammss,, aallll ffrreeee ttoo tthhee
ppuubblliicc,, aanndd lleenntt 33..7 mmiilllliioonn mmaatteerriiaallss..[[
..
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READY FOR A
QUIZ???

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I. Identify the NNeeooccllaassssiiccaall AArrttiissttss ((11-44))

31 Matt H. Evans, matt@exinfm.com

32
II. Identify tthhee AArrttwwoorrkkss.. ((55 –– 1122))

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III. Matching type. MMaattcchh CCoolluummnn AA ttoo CCoolluummnn BB..
WWrriittee tthhee lleetttteerr ooff yyoouurr aannsswweerr..
13. Napoleon Crossing the
Alps
14. Psyche Awakened by
Cupid’s Kiss
15. Lion of Lucerne
16. White House
17. Washington
18. Portrait of Napoleon on
the Imperial Throne
20. Oath of Horatii
21. Library of Sainte-
Genevieve
22. Palais Garnier
23. United States Capitol
A. Jacques – Louis David
B. Jean-Auguste-
Dominique Ingres
C. Antonio Canova
D. Bertel Thorvaldsen
E. Robert Adam
F. Henri Labrouste
G. Charles Garnier

IV. Identify tthhee ffoolllloowwiinngg..
24. This word came from the Greek word NEOS meaning new and the Latin word
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CLASSICUS which is similar in meaning to the English phrase FIRST CLASS.
25. This painting showed a strongly idealized view of the real crossing that Napoleon
and his army made across the Alps through the Great St. Bernard Pass in May
1800.
26. The painting painted by Jean –Auguste-Dominique Ingres depicts Napoleon in his
decadent coronation costume and was believed to be commissioned by
Napoleon as the King of Italy.
27. It is a marble sculpture by Antonio Canova portraying the relationship of Psyche
and Cupid.
28. It is a sculpture of a dying lion in Lucerne, Switzerland that commemorates the
Swiss Guards who were massacred in 1792 during the French Revolution.
29. He is the most famous Palladian architect of the Neoclassical who designed the
two most famous American civic palladian buildings such as the White House and
the U.S. Capitol.
30. This type of Neo-classical architecture features a building design based on an
ancient temple.

Unit 3 Arts of Neoclassicism

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Unit 3 Arts of Neoclassicism