A process flow diagram (PFD) visually depicts the steps in a process sequentially. It uses simple symbols like rectangles for process steps and arrows to show material and information flow. A PFD for a peanut processing operation is presented as an example. The key steps shown are storing raw peanuts, de-shelling, sorting, and frying. Inputs and outputs at each step are indicated with arrows, such as electricity and coconut oil used for frying. The PFD ends by showing the finished product of fried salted peanuts. Guidelines are provided for continuing a PFD across multiple pages and depicting auxiliary and repeated processes.
Piping and Instrumentation / Process Flow DiagramPatel Ghanshyam
Overview of Piping and Instrumentation / Process Flow Diagram
3 Levels of Diagram
The Block Flow Diagram (BFD)
Definitions of BFD
PFD Drawing Symbols
The Process Flow Diagram
P&ID – Construction Bible
introduction to flow,flow type,laminar,turbulent,one dimensional flow,two dimensional flow,type of flow measurement,flow measuring elements,orifices,nozzles,venturi,pitot tubes,limitations,advantages of the elements,application of elements
A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment.
Deals with the primary treatment of sewage specially for the removal of suspended solids and also for the stabilization of the separated solids. treatment, design and performance details of primary clarifiers, anaerobic ponds, UASB reactors, UASB ponds, and baffled anaerobic reactors are covered in this presentation..
Piping and Instrumentation / Process Flow DiagramPatel Ghanshyam
Overview of Piping and Instrumentation / Process Flow Diagram
3 Levels of Diagram
The Block Flow Diagram (BFD)
Definitions of BFD
PFD Drawing Symbols
The Process Flow Diagram
P&ID – Construction Bible
introduction to flow,flow type,laminar,turbulent,one dimensional flow,two dimensional flow,type of flow measurement,flow measuring elements,orifices,nozzles,venturi,pitot tubes,limitations,advantages of the elements,application of elements
A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment.
Deals with the primary treatment of sewage specially for the removal of suspended solids and also for the stabilization of the separated solids. treatment, design and performance details of primary clarifiers, anaerobic ponds, UASB reactors, UASB ponds, and baffled anaerobic reactors are covered in this presentation..
A One-Day Training presentation about the basics of Process Drawings like Block Flow, Plant & Instrumentation Diagram, Process Flow Diagram, Electrical Drawings etc
Force is used to driving the liquid through the evaporator tubes thus producing high tube velocities. A high efficiency circulating pump, designed for large volume and sufficient head, is used to supply the force. Forced circulation evaporator is suitable in the pharmaceutical area for evaporation of thermolabile substance.
Introduction: Wastewater flow and its characteristics, Wastewater collection systems, Estimation and variation of wastewater flows. Problems of industrial wastewaters, sampling protocol, equalization, neutralization, proportioning processes, volume and strength reduction. Preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment processes. Theory
and design of screens, grit chambers, sedimentation, coagulation, flocculation
FUNCTION OF PIPING ENGINEERING
• PIPING ENGINEERING TEAM
• PLANT LAYOUT
• LAYOUT
• PIPE FITTINGS CLASSIFICATION
• VALVE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION
• PIPE ROUTING
• STRESS ANALYSIS
• OBJECTIVE
• REQUIREMENTS OF SUPPORTS IN PIPING SYSTEM
• TYPE OF SUPPORTS
• FAMILIARIZATION WITH STRESS SYMBOLS
• MATERIAL ENGINEERING
• BASIS FOR MATERIALS SELECTION
• MATERIAL SELECTION DIAGRAM
• MATERIAL SELECTION AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE
Primary waste water treatment powerpointb presntationkanchan jadon
This ppt basically depends on primary waste water treatment. It gives brief description about what is water treatment,sources of waste water,types of waste water basically mostly focus on primary treatment like screening,types of screening,description on every type of screens, grit removal,communator,primary sedimentation.
A One-Day Training presentation about the basics of Process Drawings like Block Flow, Plant & Instrumentation Diagram, Process Flow Diagram, Electrical Drawings etc
Force is used to driving the liquid through the evaporator tubes thus producing high tube velocities. A high efficiency circulating pump, designed for large volume and sufficient head, is used to supply the force. Forced circulation evaporator is suitable in the pharmaceutical area for evaporation of thermolabile substance.
Introduction: Wastewater flow and its characteristics, Wastewater collection systems, Estimation and variation of wastewater flows. Problems of industrial wastewaters, sampling protocol, equalization, neutralization, proportioning processes, volume and strength reduction. Preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment processes. Theory
and design of screens, grit chambers, sedimentation, coagulation, flocculation
FUNCTION OF PIPING ENGINEERING
• PIPING ENGINEERING TEAM
• PLANT LAYOUT
• LAYOUT
• PIPE FITTINGS CLASSIFICATION
• VALVE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION
• PIPE ROUTING
• STRESS ANALYSIS
• OBJECTIVE
• REQUIREMENTS OF SUPPORTS IN PIPING SYSTEM
• TYPE OF SUPPORTS
• FAMILIARIZATION WITH STRESS SYMBOLS
• MATERIAL ENGINEERING
• BASIS FOR MATERIALS SELECTION
• MATERIAL SELECTION DIAGRAM
• MATERIAL SELECTION AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE
Primary waste water treatment powerpointb presntationkanchan jadon
This ppt basically depends on primary waste water treatment. It gives brief description about what is water treatment,sources of waste water,types of waste water basically mostly focus on primary treatment like screening,types of screening,description on every type of screens, grit removal,communator,primary sedimentation.
As a designer or specifier you will set U value requirements for elements of your building in order to meet Building Regulations, ensure comfort and avoid condensation.
Food Safety Auditing - Practice and Principlessafefood360
This presentation covers in details among other topics:
* Introduction to audits
* The principles of auditing
* The profile of a good auditor
* Design of audit programs
I made a ppt. on fiction project. Here I have shown Process flow diagram with its questions and solution to make better process flow chart and diagram.Understand this you'll understand whole process flow diagram and deep detail about bottlenecks in manufacturing process.
The technique of integrating green concepts into Lean manufacturing helping to grow organisations in profits well with social and environment network also helping future to have some of the natural resources as gift of ancestors
APPLICATION IN FORM - I FOR PRIOR ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCEzubeditufail
APPLICATION IN FORM - I FOR PRIOR ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE IN RESPECT OF THE
PROPOSED KHAIRAGURA OPENCAST EXPANSION COAL
MINING PROJECT NEAR KHAIRAGURA VILLAGE,
TIRIYANI MANDAL, ADILABAD DISTRICT, A.P.
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
THE SINGARENI COLLIERIES COMPANY LIMITED
(A Government Company)
KOTHAGUDEM COLLIERIES-507101 (A.P)
JANUARY 2013
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) - Karachi Neighborhood I...zubeditufail
Directorate of Urban Policy & Strategic Planning, Planning & Development Department, Government of Sindh
Karachi Neighborhood Improvement Project
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)
February 2017
Guiding Principles and Recommendations for Responsible Business Operations in and around Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs)
A collaborative project of the KBA Partnership coordinated by IUCN
Draft 2 for public consultation
2 December 2016
For any query about this document or the project, please contact Giulia Carbone, Deputy Director, Global Business and Biodiversity Programme, IUCN (Giulia.carbone@iucn.org).
A global standard_for_the_identification_of_key_biodiversity_areas_final_webzubeditufail
A Global Standard for the Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas
Version 1.0
Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission and IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas in association with the IUCN Global Species Programme
23 March 2016
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals in District Ban...Open Access Research Paper
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular zoonotic protozoan parasite, infect both humans and animals population worldwide. It can also cause abortion and inborn disease in humans and livestock population. In the present study total of 313 domestic animals were screened for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Of which 45 cows, 55 buffalos, 68 goats, 60 sheep and 85 shaver chicken were tested. Among these 40 (88.88%) cows were negative and 05 (11.12%) were positive. Similarly 55 (92.72%) buffalos were negative and 04 (07.28%) were positive. In goats 68 (98.52%) were negative and 01 (01.48%) was recorded positive. In sheep and shaver chicken the infection were not recorded.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
2. What is a PFD
• A process flow diagram is a pictorial
representation of what is happening in a
process in a sequential order
• It is a snapshot of the process at the time
of inspection
• It is a paper based tool
3. Why Draw a PFD
• Industries do not know
– What is wasted
– Where is it generated
– How much is wasted
4. PFD for Cleaner Production
A simple diagram which uses only three
main symbols and one auxiliary symbol
Not to be confused with other types of
diagrams
5. Symbols to be Used
Rectangle is used for representing a process
step
Arrow is used to show link and direction
Ellipse represents the beginning and the
end of diagram
A
Circle (with character or sign) is used to
show continuation of a process
6. Tips in drawing a PFD
• List all the process steps prior to drawing PFD
• Break larger steps into simpler steps as much as
possible
• The PFD is drawn from top to bottom of a paper
• Arrows link process steps in sequential order
• Arrows linking process steps must always be
directed downwards (Top to Bottom PFD)
• Labour, Time and Capital equipment not
included as inputs or waste streams
• Inputs should be consumable items/material
only
7. Always Start With an Ellipse
• Draw an ellipse on the top of the page and
• Insert the name of the main raw material
which undergoes the change to form the
final product within it
Raw Peanuts
8. Drawing Process Steps
• Process steps (activities) are
depicted by rectangles
• Rectangles are drawn below
the elipse, one per process
step
• Sequential process steps
(are linked by downward
arrows
• Insert the name of the
process step inside the
rectangle
Storing
Raw Peanuts
De-shelling
Sorting
Frying
9. Indicating Resources Used
• Resources used are
known as INPUTS
• Inputs are indicated on the
left side of the rectangles
(process steps)
• Inward arrows are drawn
from each input material
towards the rectangle
• Inputs are consumable
material used to carry out
the change to the main
raw material at each
process step
Electricity
(Lighting)
LP Gas
Coconut Oil
Hot air
Storing
Raw Peanuts
De-shelling
Sorting
Frying
Electricity
(Lighting)
Electricity
(Lighting)
10. Indicating Waste Streams
• Waste streams are known as OUTPUTS
• Outputs are indicated on the right side
of the rectangle
• Outward arrows are drawn towards
each Output stream from the rectangle
• All waste stream generated at this point
should be indicated on the PFD
11. Shells
Spilt
nuts
Dust
Oil Spills
Nut spills
Oil Evaporation
Waste Heat
Excess gas
Over fried nuts
Storing
Raw Peanuts
De-shelling
Sorting
Frying
LP Gas
Coconut Oil
Hot air
Electricity
(Lighting)
Electricity
(Lighting)
Electricity
(Lighting)
Energy Loss
Foreign Matter
Spilt
nuts Dust
12. How to End the PFD
• The PFD is ended with
an elipse depicting the
finished product
Main Raw material
Finished product
Inputs Outputs
13. Shells
Spilt nuts
Dust
Oil Spills
Nut spills
Oil Evaporation
Waste Heat
Excess gas
Over fried nuts
Storing
Raw Peanuts
De-shelling
Sorting
Frying
LP Gas
Coconut Oil
Hot air
Electricity
(Lighting)
Electricity
(Lighting)
Electricity
(Lighting)
Energy Loss
Foreign Matter
Spilt nuts
Dust
Oil DrainingOil Paper Drained Oil
Used Oil Paper
Salting
Packing
Salt Spilt Salt
Spilt nuts
Packing Material Rejected Packing Material
Spilt Nuts
Overfilled packs
Fried Salted Peanuts
14. Continuation
• If one page is
insufficient to
complete the PFD,
use another.
• Do not try to draw
two PFDs on one
paper.
• Arrows are never
directed upwards
The following method is not correct
20. Auxiliary Processes
• Auxiliary processes are those that support
the main process.
• They include cleaning, Bottle washing,
Steam Generation, Water treatment etc.
• PFD for Auxiliary processes should be
drawn separately and linked to the main
PFD
21. Chemical Spills
Waste
Chemicals
Cleaning
Chemical Washing
Hot water rinsing
First Washing
Bottles
Cleaned Bottles
B
Water
Electricity
(Lighting)
Electricity
(Lighting)
Electricity
(Lighting)
Electricity
(Lighting)
Chemicals
Hot Water
Energy Loss
Energy Loss
Water Spills
Waste Water
Energy Loss
Energy Loss
Hot Water Spills
Waste Water
Boiling
(Boiler)
Fuel
Chemicals
Air
Flue Gas loss
Radiation Heat loss
Steam Leaks
Blow-down loss
Water
Steam
A
Page 2
Mangoes
Washing
Peeling & Cutting
Crushing
Mixing
Page 1
Finished Product
Cooking
Cooling
Bottling
Labelling and Storing
Electricity
(Lighting)
WaterElectricity
(Lighting)
Electricity
Electricity
Steam
Electricity
Sugar
Electricity
Bottles
Electricity
Caps
Electricity
Labels
A
B
22. How to Indicate Cleaning Processes
• Pay attention to processes such as
cleaning operations
– Floor Cleaning
– Machine Cleaning
– Equipment Cleaning
• Such operations should also be indicated
on the PFD
23. This Method is Wrong!
Mangoes
Washing
Peeling & Cutting
Crushing
Mixing
Bottled Mango Juice
Cooking
Cooling
Bottling
Labelling and Storing
Electricity
(Lighting)
WaterElectricity
(Lighting)
Electricity
Electricity
Steam
Electricity
Sugar
Electricity
Bottles
Electricity
Caps
Electricity
Labels
A
B
Water
Detergents
24. How to Indicate Cleaning of the Juice Cooking Pan
Page 1
Mangoes
Washing
Peeling & Cutting
Crushing
Mixing
Bottled Mango Juice
Cooking
Cooling
Bottling
Labelling and Storing
Electricity
(Lighting)
WaterElectricity
(Lighting)
Electricity
Electricity
Steam
Electricity
Sugar
Electricity
Bottles
Electricity
Caps
Electricity
Labels
A
B
C
Page 2
Washing
Electricity
(Lighting)
C Pan Cleaning Process
Detergents
Hot Water
Energy Loss
Waste Water
Water Spills
Detergent Spills
25. PFDs for Services
• The PFD for a service
organization may be
drawn as a block
diagram/Unit Process
• These are prepared for
activities that do not
have sequential steps,
such as Boilers,
Housekeeping activities
in Hotels, Kitchen
activities in Hotels etc.
House keeping
Room
Cleaned Room
Energy
Room cleaning chemicals
Cotton Rags
Toilet cleaning chemicals
Tissue Paper
Toilet paper rolls
26. Use ofUse of
Raw MaterialsRaw Materials
ManufactureManufacture DistributionDistribution UseUse DisposalDisposal
Product Life CycleProduct Life Cycle
For PFDs are not drawn for products
We can draw Life Cycle Diagrams
Can we Draw PFDs for Products?
27. Wording
• All process steps are considered to be
dynamic (process step is taking place at
the time of observation)
• Therefore all steps are referred in present
continuous – Checking
Frying
Dyeing
Drying
28. • Do not Mention the equipment as the
process step
• These terms are wrong
- Dry - Dye - Fry
- Dried - Dyed - Fried
- Dryer - Dying Machine - Frying Pan
29. Additional points
• However small the resource quantity may
be indicate it on the PFD.
• However small the waste stream may be
indicate it on the PFD.
• When considering the process steps the
normal, abnormal, occasional ,accidental
and maintenance operations should also
be taken into account
31. Ecomapping - One little picture says more than a long
speech !
• A visual, simple and practical tool to analyse
and manage the environmental performance
of companies industries
• An easy, creative and systematic method of
obtaining environmental data
• An awareness - creation and learning tool
based on the physical reality of the company
• A dynamic inventory of the changes in the
environmental behaviour of the company
32. How to Use Eco-maps
• Indispensable materials
– A4 -sized paper and a photocopy machine.
• Time needed
– Less than one hour of work for each map.
• When to do it?
– After the end of the accounting year.
• How often should they be up-dated ?
– Once a year, or if the site is renovated, or activities are
extended.
• Filing
– With documentation for your environmental
management system, with your annual accounts .
• Who can use them?
– The maps can be used by many different types of
companies: from small manufacturing and service
companies to large structures and local authorities.
33. How to Eco-map
1. Prepare Map of the
urban situation
• Make a map of the site,
seen from above,
including car parks,
access areas, roads
and the surrounding
environment.
• It should show the real
situation.
34. 2. Map of the site
• Draw the outline of the site
using a scale and showing the
interior spaces. This map
should be copied and will be the
basis for the work to be done.
• The maps should show the real
situation - they should be
simple, recognisable and in
proportion. Maps should have a
date, a name and a reference.
Integrate one or two significant
objects such as machines and
boilers, which will enable the
user to orient himself with the
site easily
• If the site covers very different
areas, individual maps of the
different areas can be prepared
and brought together.
35. 3. Symbols
• Develop your own
symbols, but use at least
two Hatched lines: small
problem (area to be
monitored, problem to be
studied)
• Circle: large problem
(stop, corrective action)
• The more serious the
problem, the thicker the
circle