Industrial engineering aims to improve productivity by analyzing workflows and processes. It seeks to eliminate waste, improve efficiency, and optimize the use of resources like people, facilities, equipment, time and materials. Key techniques used in industrial engineering include method study, work measurement, motion study, production planning and other operations research tools. These techniques help standardize work methods, set performance targets, and increase output. The overall goal is to enhance business performance by engineering more effective processes and systems.
Productivity is a measure of efficiency and is calculated by dividing outputs by inputs. The US economic system increases productivity annually by about 2.5% through improvements to capital (38%), labor (10%), and management (52%). Starbucks improved productivity by changing processes like removing signature requirements on small credit card purchases and changing ice scoop sizes, saving time per transaction.
The document discusses productivity measurement systems. It defines productivity as the ratio of output to input and explains that productivity measurement identifies appropriate output and input measures to help determine if an organization is progressing efficiently. The document outlines different methods for measuring productivity at individual, group, departmental, corporate, national and global levels and discusses challenges like measuring multiple products/services and factors affecting productivity like quality. It concludes that productivity measurement provides valuable information to help organizations achieve goals when used to identify actions to improve productivity.
The document discusses productivity and how it is measured. It defines productivity as a ratio of output to input. Key points:
- Productivity increased annually in the US economic system by about 2.5%, with contributions from capital (38%), labor (10%), and management (52%).
- Measures of productivity include output per labor hour, units produced, value added, and multifactor productivity.
- Improving productivity leads to lower costs, higher wages, and competitive advantage. It is important for standards of living.
Productivity measurement and benchmarking are important for improving construction productivity. Benchmarking involves comparing a company's performance metrics to other companies' best practices. This allows identification of improvement areas and investment in new technologies. Independent studies found over $20 billion was wasted annually in construction due to inefficiencies. Benchmarking categories include internal, external with competitors and non-competitors, data-based, domestic, global, qualitative, and quantitative.
This document discusses productivity and its measurement. It defines productivity as the ratio between output and inputs. There are three main ways to measure productivity: partial productivity which measures the output to a single input, total factor productivity which measures output to all inputs, and total productivity which measures total output to total inputs. Labour, capital, and material productivity are examples of partial productivity. The document also discusses factors that influence productivity such as technology, individual skills, work environment, and management practices. Productivity is important for competition, efficient resource use, national economic growth, and worker prosperity.
Production involves transforming raw materials into finished goods. Productivity measures the efficiency of production by considering how much output was produced relative to the inputs required. Labor productivity is calculated by dividing total output by the number of employees.
Productivity is defined as the relationship between the output generated by a production or service system and the input provided to create that output. Management contributes the most to annual productivity increases at around 4/6, while capital and labor each contribute around 1/6. Productivity measurement is important for improvement, decision-making, and evaluating development programs. There are multiple approaches to measuring productivity at different economic levels. Effective productivity measurement addresses objectives, efficiency, effectiveness potential, comparability, and trends.
Productivity is a measure of efficiency and is calculated by dividing outputs by inputs. The US economic system increases productivity annually by about 2.5% through improvements to capital (38%), labor (10%), and management (52%). Starbucks improved productivity by changing processes like removing signature requirements on small credit card purchases and changing ice scoop sizes, saving time per transaction.
The document discusses productivity measurement systems. It defines productivity as the ratio of output to input and explains that productivity measurement identifies appropriate output and input measures to help determine if an organization is progressing efficiently. The document outlines different methods for measuring productivity at individual, group, departmental, corporate, national and global levels and discusses challenges like measuring multiple products/services and factors affecting productivity like quality. It concludes that productivity measurement provides valuable information to help organizations achieve goals when used to identify actions to improve productivity.
The document discusses productivity and how it is measured. It defines productivity as a ratio of output to input. Key points:
- Productivity increased annually in the US economic system by about 2.5%, with contributions from capital (38%), labor (10%), and management (52%).
- Measures of productivity include output per labor hour, units produced, value added, and multifactor productivity.
- Improving productivity leads to lower costs, higher wages, and competitive advantage. It is important for standards of living.
Productivity measurement and benchmarking are important for improving construction productivity. Benchmarking involves comparing a company's performance metrics to other companies' best practices. This allows identification of improvement areas and investment in new technologies. Independent studies found over $20 billion was wasted annually in construction due to inefficiencies. Benchmarking categories include internal, external with competitors and non-competitors, data-based, domestic, global, qualitative, and quantitative.
This document discusses productivity and its measurement. It defines productivity as the ratio between output and inputs. There are three main ways to measure productivity: partial productivity which measures the output to a single input, total factor productivity which measures output to all inputs, and total productivity which measures total output to total inputs. Labour, capital, and material productivity are examples of partial productivity. The document also discusses factors that influence productivity such as technology, individual skills, work environment, and management practices. Productivity is important for competition, efficient resource use, national economic growth, and worker prosperity.
Production involves transforming raw materials into finished goods. Productivity measures the efficiency of production by considering how much output was produced relative to the inputs required. Labor productivity is calculated by dividing total output by the number of employees.
Productivity is defined as the relationship between the output generated by a production or service system and the input provided to create that output. Management contributes the most to annual productivity increases at around 4/6, while capital and labor each contribute around 1/6. Productivity measurement is important for improvement, decision-making, and evaluating development programs. There are multiple approaches to measuring productivity at different economic levels. Effective productivity measurement addresses objectives, efficiency, effectiveness potential, comparability, and trends.
Productivity is defined as the ratio of output to input. It measures production efficiency. Economic growth depends on inputs, while productivity increases are driven by improvements to the production function. Productivity can be improved by achieving more output with the same or less input through research and development, new equipment, simplifying products, improving methods, better planning, and increasing employee effectiveness. Productivity studies analyze technical processes and engineering relationships to increase efficiency. Automation, computerization, ergonomic design, and worker comfort can boost productivity, while labor productivity looks at average output per worker or per hour worked.
Lecture notes of production & operation managementComplaint2015
Lectures notes
On
Production and Operation Management
Prepared by
Dr. Sarojrani Pattnaik
Dr. Swagatika Mishra
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
VSSUT Burla
.
Productivity is a measure of output per unit of input. It can be increased by improving methods, reducing waste, and better utilizing resources like labor, materials, and capital. Key ways to improve productivity include reducing work content, improving processes through research, standardizing products, improving organization and planning, and motivating workers. Increased productivity benefits management through profits, benefits workers through higher wages and job security, and benefits consumers and the government through economic growth and development.
Productivity is a measure of efficiency in production. It is calculated as a ratio of output to inputs. Productivity determines the efficiency of converting resources into finished goods and services. Partial productivity measures a single input or output, while total productivity takes a systematic approach integrating all factors. Improving productivity increases profits, lowers costs, and makes an organization more competitive. Methods to improve productivity include reducing ineffective time, improving products/processes, training employees, and using incentives.
This Presentation is about work study in production management which explains how to perform work and procedure in performing work and its objectives , expert work study man, techniques used in work study and relation to time and motion study.... Work Measurement and its benefits. Work simplification and job design process..human resource relation to work study
Work study involves the systematic analysis of work processes with the goal of improving efficiency and reducing costs. It examines how work is done in order to find the best and most efficient use of resources like people, materials, equipment and time. The main techniques used in work study are method study and work measurement. Method study involves analyzing existing and proposed work methods to develop easier and more effective processes, while work measurement establishes the time required to complete a specified job using the improved method. Process charts, flow diagrams and other tools are used to record and analyze work methods as part of work study. The overall aim is to simplify work and set performance standards to increase productivity.
Process planning and cost estimation unit iiis Kumaravel
This document provides information about cost estimation, including definitions, reasons for doing estimates, components of a cost estimate, and methods of estimating costs. It defines cost estimation as predicting the expected cost of producing a product before actual production. Estimates are done to assist management in deciding whether to produce a product and help set a selling price. A cost estimate includes costs of design, materials, labor, tools/fixtures, overhead, etc. Methods of estimating include the conference, comparison, and detailed analysis methods. The document also outlines the general procedure for cost estimation.
This document provides an overview of a guide to measuring productivity published by SPRING Singapore. It discusses why measuring productivity is important, how to measure outputs and inputs to calculate productivity indicators, and what value added is as a key measure of organizational output. Value added represents the wealth created through production or services and is a better measure than sales alone. It can be calculated using either the subtraction method (sales minus costs of inputs) or addition method (summing distributions of value added like wages and profits).
Work study involves systematically examining work methods to improve productivity and efficiency. It aims to simplify operations, reduce unnecessary work, and make better use of resources. Key aspects of work study include setting performance standards, identifying hazards, and developing safer work methods. Method study specifically examines "the way work is done" to simplify methods and increase effectiveness through eliminating unnecessary steps and balancing the workload between humans and machines. Recording techniques like process charts, diagrams and therbligs are used to analyze motions and identify areas for improvement.
The document discusses production operations and management. It covers topics such as the production process, production planning and control, scheduling, sequencing methods for multiple machines/jobs, line balancing, and key performance metrics like cycle time and balance efficiency. A sample problem is provided to illustrate the calculation of cycle time, number of work stations, balance efficiency, and balance delay for a production line.
Production involves transforming raw materials into finished goods and services to satisfy human wants. It includes three main types of systems: job production which produces custom goods; batch production which produces limited batches of different products; and mass production which produces large volumes of standardized goods continuously.
Productivity measures the efficiency of production by calculating the ratio of outputs to inputs. It indicates how effectively production utilizes resources to generate income.
Entrepreneurship is the process where entrepreneurs identify profitable opportunities, organize business ventures, assume risks to turn opportunities into profitable activities. Entrepreneurs bring together resources creatively to generate greater value through innovation. Economic order quantity is the optimal order size that minimizes total inventory costs including ordering and storage costs
Production involves transforming inputs like materials, money, machines, and labor into outputs like goods and services. It is defined as the ratio of output to input. Productivity can be measured in different ways, such as labor productivity which is output divided by number of laborers. Factors that affect productivity include human resources, technology, capital investment, government regulation, product design, equipment, worker skills, and production volume. Productivity can be increased through better use of materials, labor, equipment, and facilities. Common production methods are continuous mass production, large one-time projects, and intermittent batch or job production.
The team conducted a productivity study of concrete pouring operations at a construction site. They observed issues like low worker productivity and inefficient processes. Their analysis found opportunities like optimizing crew assignments, using modern equipment, and improving material flow. Their recommendations included measures like replacing manual finishing with machinery, optimizing crew sizes, and educating workers, which could potentially improve productivity by 33%.
Operations management refers to administering business practices to maximize efficiency within an organization. It aims to convert materials and labor into goods and services as efficiently as possible. The history of operations management began over 5000 years ago with ancient systems for recording inventories and transactions. Frederick Taylor introduced scientific management with time studies in the 1880s. Henry Ford later developed the modern assembly line model. Operations management has progressed through empirical, analytical, and systems-based approaches and now considers integrated complex systems and environmental sustainability. The key functions of operations include production planning, supplier selection, inventory control, and production process control to implement efficient operations strategies.
1) The document provides data on production rates, setup costs, machine times, and failure probabilities for multiple production problems. It asks the reader to calculate economic order quantities, production rates, total costs, and other metrics.
2) Specific calculations include determining EOQ, production rates given changes in efficiency or capacity, optimal production setup based on costs, and expected annual maintenance costs given failure probabilities.
3) Multiple choice questions are included at the end for practice.
Job costing involves accumulating costs for specific jobs or orders. It traces direct costs like materials and labor to individual jobs in order to see if costs can be reduced on future jobs or if excess costs on a job can be billed to the customer. Job costing is used when production is in small batches rather than mass production and costs need to be tracked at a detailed level, such as for custom machinery, software programs, or buildings. Costs like direct materials, labor, and overhead are recorded throughout the production process and totaled at the end to determine the full cost of completing the job.
1. Inventory control aims to ensure adequate supply of items without excessive overstock by supervising supply, storage, and accessibility.
2. Inventory is classified based on the material flow and includes raw materials, work in process, finished goods, and maintenance repair and operating supplies.
3. The objectives of inventory control are to ensure continuous production and maintain overall investment in inventory at the lowest level consistent with operating requirements.
The document discusses production planning and process planning. It outlines the key stages in production planning which include marketing analysis, feasibility studies, and advanced product planning. It also discusses product planning and value analysis, which aims to systematically identify and eliminate unnecessary costs. The value of a product can be increased by reducing costs or improving functions. Process planning involves preparing instructions for manufacturing a product and its parts, including selecting processes, machines, and equipment. The responsibilities of process planning engineers include interpreting part designs, selecting machining processes, tooling, and operation sequences.
This document discusses productivity, including definitions, types of measures, and factors that affect productivity. It defines productivity as a ratio of outputs to inputs, and describes partial, multi-factor, and total measures. Productivity growth is calculated as the change from the current period to the previous. Examples are given for labor, machine, energy, and capital productivity. Process yield and factors influencing productivity such as technology, management, and work environment are also covered.
This document summarizes a report on cost control techniques in construction projects. It identifies several common issues that lead to cost overruns, such as delays, wastage of materials, low productivity of labor and equipment. It then describes various cost control methods including using work schedules, budgets, inspections, meetings, record keeping and monitoring to track costs, time and productivity. The report recommends improving control of materials and equipment usage, labor productivity, and ensuring project managers have proper training in cost control techniques. Effective use of techniques like budgets, schedules and monitoring are necessary to complete projects on time and within costs.
A capsul to explaine a part of industrial engineering,time study, one of the powerful tools that used to adapt the Rhythm inside the value stream, to create an eye on the process and to improve & control the process cost.
This document discusses productivity, including definitions, measurement, factors influencing productivity, and types of productivity. Productivity is defined as the ratio of output to input and can be measured in various ways depending on the industry. Productivity is influenced by both controllable internal factors and uncontrollable external factors. Productivity can be considered partially based on individual inputs like labor hours, or totally considering all inputs. Improving productivity provides benefits like increased profits and market share.
Productivity is defined as the ratio of output to input. It measures production efficiency. Economic growth depends on inputs, while productivity increases are driven by improvements to the production function. Productivity can be improved by achieving more output with the same or less input through research and development, new equipment, simplifying products, improving methods, better planning, and increasing employee effectiveness. Productivity studies analyze technical processes and engineering relationships to increase efficiency. Automation, computerization, ergonomic design, and worker comfort can boost productivity, while labor productivity looks at average output per worker or per hour worked.
Lecture notes of production & operation managementComplaint2015
Lectures notes
On
Production and Operation Management
Prepared by
Dr. Sarojrani Pattnaik
Dr. Swagatika Mishra
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
VSSUT Burla
.
Productivity is a measure of output per unit of input. It can be increased by improving methods, reducing waste, and better utilizing resources like labor, materials, and capital. Key ways to improve productivity include reducing work content, improving processes through research, standardizing products, improving organization and planning, and motivating workers. Increased productivity benefits management through profits, benefits workers through higher wages and job security, and benefits consumers and the government through economic growth and development.
Productivity is a measure of efficiency in production. It is calculated as a ratio of output to inputs. Productivity determines the efficiency of converting resources into finished goods and services. Partial productivity measures a single input or output, while total productivity takes a systematic approach integrating all factors. Improving productivity increases profits, lowers costs, and makes an organization more competitive. Methods to improve productivity include reducing ineffective time, improving products/processes, training employees, and using incentives.
This Presentation is about work study in production management which explains how to perform work and procedure in performing work and its objectives , expert work study man, techniques used in work study and relation to time and motion study.... Work Measurement and its benefits. Work simplification and job design process..human resource relation to work study
Work study involves the systematic analysis of work processes with the goal of improving efficiency and reducing costs. It examines how work is done in order to find the best and most efficient use of resources like people, materials, equipment and time. The main techniques used in work study are method study and work measurement. Method study involves analyzing existing and proposed work methods to develop easier and more effective processes, while work measurement establishes the time required to complete a specified job using the improved method. Process charts, flow diagrams and other tools are used to record and analyze work methods as part of work study. The overall aim is to simplify work and set performance standards to increase productivity.
Process planning and cost estimation unit iiis Kumaravel
This document provides information about cost estimation, including definitions, reasons for doing estimates, components of a cost estimate, and methods of estimating costs. It defines cost estimation as predicting the expected cost of producing a product before actual production. Estimates are done to assist management in deciding whether to produce a product and help set a selling price. A cost estimate includes costs of design, materials, labor, tools/fixtures, overhead, etc. Methods of estimating include the conference, comparison, and detailed analysis methods. The document also outlines the general procedure for cost estimation.
This document provides an overview of a guide to measuring productivity published by SPRING Singapore. It discusses why measuring productivity is important, how to measure outputs and inputs to calculate productivity indicators, and what value added is as a key measure of organizational output. Value added represents the wealth created through production or services and is a better measure than sales alone. It can be calculated using either the subtraction method (sales minus costs of inputs) or addition method (summing distributions of value added like wages and profits).
Work study involves systematically examining work methods to improve productivity and efficiency. It aims to simplify operations, reduce unnecessary work, and make better use of resources. Key aspects of work study include setting performance standards, identifying hazards, and developing safer work methods. Method study specifically examines "the way work is done" to simplify methods and increase effectiveness through eliminating unnecessary steps and balancing the workload between humans and machines. Recording techniques like process charts, diagrams and therbligs are used to analyze motions and identify areas for improvement.
The document discusses production operations and management. It covers topics such as the production process, production planning and control, scheduling, sequencing methods for multiple machines/jobs, line balancing, and key performance metrics like cycle time and balance efficiency. A sample problem is provided to illustrate the calculation of cycle time, number of work stations, balance efficiency, and balance delay for a production line.
Production involves transforming raw materials into finished goods and services to satisfy human wants. It includes three main types of systems: job production which produces custom goods; batch production which produces limited batches of different products; and mass production which produces large volumes of standardized goods continuously.
Productivity measures the efficiency of production by calculating the ratio of outputs to inputs. It indicates how effectively production utilizes resources to generate income.
Entrepreneurship is the process where entrepreneurs identify profitable opportunities, organize business ventures, assume risks to turn opportunities into profitable activities. Entrepreneurs bring together resources creatively to generate greater value through innovation. Economic order quantity is the optimal order size that minimizes total inventory costs including ordering and storage costs
Production involves transforming inputs like materials, money, machines, and labor into outputs like goods and services. It is defined as the ratio of output to input. Productivity can be measured in different ways, such as labor productivity which is output divided by number of laborers. Factors that affect productivity include human resources, technology, capital investment, government regulation, product design, equipment, worker skills, and production volume. Productivity can be increased through better use of materials, labor, equipment, and facilities. Common production methods are continuous mass production, large one-time projects, and intermittent batch or job production.
The team conducted a productivity study of concrete pouring operations at a construction site. They observed issues like low worker productivity and inefficient processes. Their analysis found opportunities like optimizing crew assignments, using modern equipment, and improving material flow. Their recommendations included measures like replacing manual finishing with machinery, optimizing crew sizes, and educating workers, which could potentially improve productivity by 33%.
Operations management refers to administering business practices to maximize efficiency within an organization. It aims to convert materials and labor into goods and services as efficiently as possible. The history of operations management began over 5000 years ago with ancient systems for recording inventories and transactions. Frederick Taylor introduced scientific management with time studies in the 1880s. Henry Ford later developed the modern assembly line model. Operations management has progressed through empirical, analytical, and systems-based approaches and now considers integrated complex systems and environmental sustainability. The key functions of operations include production planning, supplier selection, inventory control, and production process control to implement efficient operations strategies.
1) The document provides data on production rates, setup costs, machine times, and failure probabilities for multiple production problems. It asks the reader to calculate economic order quantities, production rates, total costs, and other metrics.
2) Specific calculations include determining EOQ, production rates given changes in efficiency or capacity, optimal production setup based on costs, and expected annual maintenance costs given failure probabilities.
3) Multiple choice questions are included at the end for practice.
Job costing involves accumulating costs for specific jobs or orders. It traces direct costs like materials and labor to individual jobs in order to see if costs can be reduced on future jobs or if excess costs on a job can be billed to the customer. Job costing is used when production is in small batches rather than mass production and costs need to be tracked at a detailed level, such as for custom machinery, software programs, or buildings. Costs like direct materials, labor, and overhead are recorded throughout the production process and totaled at the end to determine the full cost of completing the job.
1. Inventory control aims to ensure adequate supply of items without excessive overstock by supervising supply, storage, and accessibility.
2. Inventory is classified based on the material flow and includes raw materials, work in process, finished goods, and maintenance repair and operating supplies.
3. The objectives of inventory control are to ensure continuous production and maintain overall investment in inventory at the lowest level consistent with operating requirements.
The document discusses production planning and process planning. It outlines the key stages in production planning which include marketing analysis, feasibility studies, and advanced product planning. It also discusses product planning and value analysis, which aims to systematically identify and eliminate unnecessary costs. The value of a product can be increased by reducing costs or improving functions. Process planning involves preparing instructions for manufacturing a product and its parts, including selecting processes, machines, and equipment. The responsibilities of process planning engineers include interpreting part designs, selecting machining processes, tooling, and operation sequences.
This document discusses productivity, including definitions, types of measures, and factors that affect productivity. It defines productivity as a ratio of outputs to inputs, and describes partial, multi-factor, and total measures. Productivity growth is calculated as the change from the current period to the previous. Examples are given for labor, machine, energy, and capital productivity. Process yield and factors influencing productivity such as technology, management, and work environment are also covered.
This document summarizes a report on cost control techniques in construction projects. It identifies several common issues that lead to cost overruns, such as delays, wastage of materials, low productivity of labor and equipment. It then describes various cost control methods including using work schedules, budgets, inspections, meetings, record keeping and monitoring to track costs, time and productivity. The report recommends improving control of materials and equipment usage, labor productivity, and ensuring project managers have proper training in cost control techniques. Effective use of techniques like budgets, schedules and monitoring are necessary to complete projects on time and within costs.
A capsul to explaine a part of industrial engineering,time study, one of the powerful tools that used to adapt the Rhythm inside the value stream, to create an eye on the process and to improve & control the process cost.
This document discusses productivity, including definitions, measurement, factors influencing productivity, and types of productivity. Productivity is defined as the ratio of output to input and can be measured in various ways depending on the industry. Productivity is influenced by both controllable internal factors and uncontrollable external factors. Productivity can be considered partially based on individual inputs like labor hours, or totally considering all inputs. Improving productivity provides benefits like increased profits and market share.
This document discusses productivity and its measurement. It defines productivity as the ratio between output and inputs. There are three main ways to measure productivity: partial productivity which measures the output to a single input, total factor productivity which measures output to all inputs, and total productivity which measures total output to total inputs. Labour, capital, and material productivity are examples of partial productivity. The document also discusses factors that influence productivity such as technology, individual skills, work environment, and management practices. Productivity is important for competition, efficient resource use, national prosperity, and worker prosperity.
The document discusses product design and process selection. It begins by outlining the key aspects of product design such as defining materials, appearance, dimensions and performance standards. It then discusses the process of product design which includes idea development, product screening, preliminary design and testing, and final design. Various factors that influence product design and process selection are also covered such as customer requirements, cost, quality standards and environmental issues. Tools for process selection and performance metrics are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of engineering economics. It defines economics and economic goals. It describes the flow of resources and money in an economy between households, businesses, and factors of production. Key concepts discussed include the law of supply and demand, elasticity, and factors that influence supply and demand. Engineering economics is described as analyzing efficient and cost-effective functioning of organizations. Principles and procedures of engineering economics analysis are outlined. Types of efficiency and ways to improve productivity are also summarized.
chapter review on product and process innovation.pptTemesgenAgazhie
This document discusses different types of innovation including product and process innovation. It provides details on the steps involved in product innovation such as idea generation, concept development, marketing strategy, and commercialization. Process innovation is defined as introducing new elements to production processes. The key steps in process innovation include planning, team formation, pilot testing, training, and commercial use. Concurrent engineering is described as developing products and processes simultaneously for faster development times compared to traditional sequential approaches. Advantages include reduced time, costs and improved communication, while disadvantages can include coordination challenges.
Operations management involves managing the processes that convert inputs into outputs in the form of goods and services. The three main functions of any organization are marketing, production/operations, and finance/accounting. Operations managers are responsible for planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling the resources needed for production. They make strategic decisions regarding process design, quality management, capacity, location, layout, supply chain management, and more. The goal is to optimize resource utilization and minimize waste while meeting customer demands. Key issues in operations management include productivity, supply chain management, and the impact of trends like globalization, technology, and outsourcing.
This document discusses productivity and capacity planning. It defines productivity as the ratio of output to input. Productivity can be measured partially based on a single input like labor, or multifactor based on multiple inputs like labor, materials, and overhead. Many factors can affect productivity, both positively like standardization and technology, and negatively like labor turnover or shortages. Improving productivity involves developing measures, identifying bottlenecks, soliciting improvement ideas, setting goals, and measuring and publicizing results.
Here are the key steps to identify and prioritize operational gaps through process mapping:
1. Map the current as-is process to understand how it actually works. This helps uncover inefficiencies and non-value-added activities.
2. Gather input from stakeholders involved in the process through interviews or surveys. Customers, employees and managers can provide valuable insights on pain points or issues.
3. Compare the actual process to desired best practices or benchmarks to identify deviations and gaps. This may involve comparing metrics like cycle times.
4. Prioritize gaps based on their potential impact on objectives like costs, quality and customer experience. Bottlenecks and non-value-added activities should be high priority.
5.
This document provides lecture notes on production and operation management. It covers topics such as productivity, production systems, forecasting, facilities planning, motion study, production planning and control, project management, and modern manufacturing trends. The notes are organized into 38 lectures intended to be delivered over one semester. Key concepts to be covered include productivity measurement, models of production systems, product vs service systems, forecasting methods, facility layout types, principles of motion study, and production scheduling techniques.
Production and Operation Management Lecture NotesFellowBuddy.com
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Production & Operation Management Lecture NotesFellowBuddy.com
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
This document contains lecture notes on production and operation management. It covers topics such as productivity, production systems, forecasting, facilities planning, motion study, production planning and control, project management, and modern manufacturing trends. The notes are divided into chapters, with chapters covering productivity measurement and importance, models of production systems, differences between products and services, and various forecasting, planning, and control techniques. Examples and problems are provided throughout to illustrate key concepts.
This document contains lecture notes on production and operation management. It covers topics such as productivity, production systems models, forecasting methods, facilities planning, motion study, production planning and control, project management, and modern manufacturing trends. The notes are divided into chapters, with the first chapter discussing productivity measurement, importance, and techniques for improvement. The second chapter covers models of production systems and the differences between products and services. The document includes examples and problems to illustrate key concepts.
Operations management involves directing and controlling processes to transform inputs into products and services. It is a set of decisions made by operations managers at both strategic and tactical levels regarding areas like processes, quality, capacity, and operations. Key decisions include strategic choices, processes, quality control, facility capacity and location planning, and day-to-day operating decisions. Operations management differs between manufacturing and service organizations. Developing an effective operations strategy is important for competitiveness through approaches like superior technologies, quick delivery times, and flexibility.
Introduction to Industrial Engineering.pptxJanak Suthar
This document provides an introduction to industrial engineering. It outlines 6 learning outcomes related to optimization of resources, value analysis, work system design, and agile/lean manufacturing. Industrial engineering is described as combining engineering and administration to maximize utilization of scarce resources like time and money. The document then discusses the history and development of industrial engineering and its focus on improving efficiency, productivity and profits through techniques like method study, time study, work measurement and analysis of systems, processes and facilities.
This document discusses operations management concepts including production systems, types of processes, and process performance metrics. It defines a production system as having inputs, resources, a production process, and outputs. Process analysis involves process flowcharting to diagram a process and understanding cycle time, utilization, and other metrics. The document outlines common process types like make-to-order and make-to-stock and defines key metrics for evaluating process performance.
The document provides an overview of method study, which is a technique used in work study to analyze and improve work methods. It discusses the basic approach and steps in method study, which include selecting a process to study, recording the current process using charts and diagrams, examining each activity through a series of questions, developing alternative methods, evaluating the alternatives, defining the new method, installing it, and maintaining it. The objectives and scope of method study are also outlined. Method study aims to systematically analyze work processes and eliminate unnecessary operations to develop more efficient methods of performing work.
This document discusses productivity, including:
1) Productivity is measured as the ratio of output to input and can be partial, multifactor, or total.
2) Multifactor productivity measures output against multiple inputs like labor, materials, and overhead.
3) Many factors can affect productivity, both positively and negatively, such as methods, technology, management, workforce issues, and the work environment.
Kingsleys Power Point Presentation on Operations Management.pptxKingsley Aduma
The document discusses key concepts in operations management. It defines operations management as the business function responsible for planning, coordinating, and controlling resources needed to produce products and services. An operations manager is responsible for transforming inputs like materials, labor, and capital into outputs like goods and services. The document outlines various operations management strategies, process types, facility layouts, and techniques for scheduling production, monitoring performance, and controlling processes. It also discusses ways to identify and eliminate waste, manage inventory, and increase productivity in operations.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
2. Common Denominator:
• People
• Facility
• Processes
All of the above are needed to produce
products and services
In all businesses there is always a need to
improve the processes and the facilities so the
employees (people) can better perform their job
producing goods and services
3.
4. THE FIRST CAR
• 1885-built Benz Patent-Motorwagen,
• production
• with an internal
combustion engine
12. Work to eliminate waste of time, money,
materials, energy, and other commodities.
Figure out how to do things better.
Engineer processes and systems that
improve quality and productivity.
Manage Projects by engaging early in the
process.
IndustrialIndustrial
Engineers:Engineers:
13. Industrial Engineering and
Management Study Areas in a
Nutshell
Production and Process Engineering
Quality and Reliability
Management of People and Processes
Workplace Design and Improvement
Computer Aided Manufacturing
Systems Engineering
Simulation Modeling and Analysis
Operations Research
Production and Inventory Management
Logistics and Supply Chain Management
Project Management
14. Definition
• The prime objective of industrial
engineering is;
1- To increase the productivity.
2- Eliminating waste and non-value added
activities.
3- Improving the effective utilization of
resources.
15. Definition
• Competition in Economy.
• Customers demands are rising.
• Challenge for industries to produce goods of
right quantity, quality , in time and at
minimum cost.
• Industrial Engineering plays a pivotal role in
meeting these challenges.
• We have various techniques in Industrial
Engineering to analyse and improve the work
methods, to eliminate waste, proper
allocation and utilization of resources.
16. Definition
• American Institute of Industrial Engineers
(AIIE) defines Industrial Engineering as
follows;
• Industrial Engineering is concerned with the
design, improvement and installation of
integrated system of men, materials and
equipment. It draws upon specialized
knowledge and skills in the mathematical,
physical sciences together with the principles
and methods of engineering analysis and
design to specify, predict and evaluate the
results to be obtained from such system.
17. Industrial Engineering Approach
• In carrying out various activities, the
industrial engineer;
• Gathers and analyses facts.
• Prepares the alternative solutions taking in
to consideration all the constraints both
internal and external.
• Selects the best solution for
implementation.
18. Industrial Engineering Approach
• At problem identification/definition stage following steps
must be taken;
1- All the facts about the operation are collected and
recorded using various recording techniques like charts,
diagrams or models.
2- Critical Examination of all facts by asking series of
questions.
3- Alternative ways are found by techniques like
brainstorming.
4- based upon the criteria fixed for evaluation, the best
alternative is selected.
19. Objectives of Industrial
Engineering
• The basic objectives of Industrial
Engineering departments are;
1- To establish methods for improving the
operations and controlling the production
costs.
2- To develop programmes for reducing
these costs.
20. Techniques of Industrial
Engineering
• Following tools and techniques are used
to improve productivity of the organization
by optimum utilization of resources.
1- Method Study.
2- Time Study (Work Measurement).
3- Motion Economy.
4- Financial and Non Financial Incentives.
21. 5- Value Analysis.
6- Production, Planning and Control.
7- Inventory Control.
8- Job Evaluation.
9- Material Handling Analysis.
10-Ergonomics (Human Engineering).
11- System Analysis.
12- Operations Research Techniques.
24. • Productivity describes various measures
of the efficiency of production. A
productivity measure is expressed as the
ratio of output to inputs used in a
production process, i.e. output per unit of
input.
25. • Productivity is defined as the efficient use
of resources, labour, capital, land,
materials, energy, information, in the
production of various goods and services.
Higher productivity means accomplishing
more with the same amount of resources
or achieving higher output in terms of
volume and quality from the same input.
27. Single-factor Output Output Output Output
measures Labor Machine Capital Energy
All-factors Output
measure All inputs
Measures of Productivity
28. Single-factor Output Output Output Output
measures Labor Machine Capital Energy
If we produce only one product, the numerator can be either
the total units of the product or the total $ value of the
product. If we produce several products, the numerator is
the total $ value of all products.
The denominator can be the units of input or the total $ value
of input.
Single Factor
29. 10,000 Units Produced
Sold for $10/unit
500 labor hours
Labor rate: $9/hr
What is the
labor productivity?
Example: Single Factor Productivity
30. • 10,000 units / 500hrs = 20 units/hr
• (10,000 units * $10/unit) / 500hrs = $200/hr
• 10,000 units / (500hrs * $9/hr) = 2.2 unit/$
• (10,000 units * $10/unit) / (500hrs * $9/hr) = 22.22
•The last one is unit-less
Example: Labor Productivity
31. • Labor Productivity
– Quantity (or value) of output / labor hrs
– Quantity (or value) of output / shift
• Machine Productivity
– Quantity (or value) of output / machine hrs
• Energy Productivity
– Quantity (or value of output) / kwh
• Capital Productivity
– Quantity (or value) of output / value of input
Some Single Factor Measurements
32. All-factors Goods or Services produced
measure All inputs used to produce them
If we produce only one product, the numerator can be either
the total units of product or total $ value of the product.
If we produce several products, the numerator is the total
$ value of all products.
Usually, the numerator is the total $ value of all outputs.
The denominator is total $ value of all inputs.
All Factors
36. Scientific management
• The systematic study of relationships
between people and tasks for the
purpose of redesigning the work process
to increase efficiency.
37. Scientific management
• Scientific management is a theory of
management that analyzes and
synthesizes workflows. Its main
objective is improving economic efficiency,
especially labor productivity.
• .
38. Scientific management
• Management of a business, industry, or
economy, according to principles of
efficiency derived from experiments in
methods of work and production,
especially from time-and-motion studies
39. 4 Principles To Increase
Efficiency
• Study the way workers perform their tasks,
gather all the informal job knowledge
that workers posses, and experiment with
ways of improving how tasks are
performed.
40. 4 Principles To Increase
Efficiency
• Codify the new methods of performing
tasks into written rules and standard
operating procedures.
41. 4 Principles To Increase
Efficiency
• Carefully select workers who possess
skills and abilities that match the needs of
the task, and train them to perform the
task according to the established rules
and procedures.
42. 4 Principles To Increase
Efficiency
• Establish a fair or acceptable level of
performance for a task, and then
develop a pay system that provides a
reward for performance above the
acceptable level.
43. • Increased mechanization of the work
process.
Example: Henry Ford introduced moving
conveyor belts in factory. Machine
imposed pace to push employees to
perform at higher levels.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48. What is work study?
• One of the most powerful tools to in
improving productivity is work study.
Work study is:
The systematic examinations of the
methods of carrying on activity
To improve effective use of resources
To set up standards of performance
49. Work Study
• In business/industry a system of
assessing methods of working so as to
achieve the maximum output and
efficiency.
50. Work Study
• Work study is a means of enhancing the
production efficiency (productivity) of the
firm by elimination of waste and
unnecessary operations. It is a technique
to identify non-value adding operations by
investigation of all the factors affecting
the job.
51. Definition
• Work study is a generic term for those
techniques, particularly method study and
work measurement, which are used in the
examination of human work in all its
contexts, and which lead systematically to
the investigation of all the factors which
affect the efficiency and economy of the
situation being reviewed, in order to effect
improvement.*
52. Work Study’s Parts
• Method Study
• To simplify the job and develop more economical methods of doing
it
• Work Measurement
• To determine how long it should take to carry out
53. Basic Procedure
• Selection
• Record
• Examine (1,2,3 in every study)
• Develop
• Measure
• Define
• Install
• Maintain
54. Work study also aims at the
following:
• Simplifying or modifying the methods of
operation
• Reduces unnecessary or excess work
• Stops wasteful use of resources
• Contributes to industrial safety by identifying
hazardous work and developing safer methods
• Cuts down the time of performing a certain
activity.
55. Some terminologies
• Total time in a Job: The time taken by a worker or a
machine to carry out an operation to produce a given
quantity of certain product.
• A work Hour: The labor of one person for one hour.
• A Machine Hour: Running of the machine or plant for
one hour.
• Basic work content: The basic irreducible minimum
time theoretically required to produce one unit output.
This is a perfect condition which is not achieved in most
of the cases.
56.
57. • How Management technique can reduce
ineffective time?
Basic work content
Product Development
Proper Material utilization
Quality control/ensure proper standards
Better layout & process planning
Material handling/reduce time & effort
Production planning
Method study to reduce poor methods of work
Inventory control
Ensure longer life and no stoppage of machinery
Create satisfactory working environment
Training,better working condition
Inefficient time
totally
Eliminated
58. What is Time Study
• Time Study is the analysis of a specific job
by a qualified worker in an effort to find the
most efficient method in terms of time and
effort. Time Study measures the time
necessary for a job or task to be
completed using the best method.
59. Time study procedure -
overview
• Perform methods analysis.
• Identify elements.
• Observe one or more operators to find observed
time.
• Give a rating to adjust observed time and find normal
time.
• Add allowances to normal time to find standard time.
• Procedures attempt to reduce inaccuracies of going
from the sample to the population and from the
present world to the future world.
60. Method study
• Method study is the process of subjecting
work to systematic, critical scrutiny to
make it more effective and/or more
efficient. It is one of the keys to achieving
productivity improvement
61. Basic Procedure
• Selection
• Record
• Examine (1,2,3 in every study)
• Develop
• Measure
• Define
• Install
• Maintain
"Project Management". Most of the items listed focus on the back end of the processes and logistics aspect. I equate this to "fixing“ other peoples' problems. By engaging an IE early in the process, some of those problems can be avoided and designed out of the system before it starts. As a project manager, IE’s focus on the entire lifecycle...starting during the fuzzy front end.