The document discusses several quality control tools used in Lean Six Sigma including flowcharts, check sheets, histograms, Pareto charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, and control charts. It provides steps for constructing Pareto charts and cause-and-effect diagrams. Control charts are introduced as a tool for statistical process control to distinguish common from special causes of variation and measure process performance over time. Strategies are outlined for improving stable processes and addressing special causes of variation.
Also known as the Deming Cycle, this is a useful tool for improving any work processes, problems and quality issues. It incorporates quality tools such as Fishbone diagram, Checksheet, Pareto Chart, Histogram, Stratification, Control Chart, and Scatter Diagram
The Seven Basic Tools of Quality is a designation given to a fixed set of graphical techniques identified as being most helpful in troubleshooting issues related to quality.They are called basic because they are suitable for people with little formal training in statistics and because they can be used to solve the vast majority of quality-related issues.
Also known as the Deming Cycle, this is a useful tool for improving any work processes, problems and quality issues. It incorporates quality tools such as Fishbone diagram, Checksheet, Pareto Chart, Histogram, Stratification, Control Chart, and Scatter Diagram
The Seven Basic Tools of Quality is a designation given to a fixed set of graphical techniques identified as being most helpful in troubleshooting issues related to quality.They are called basic because they are suitable for people with little formal training in statistics and because they can be used to solve the vast majority of quality-related issues.
Process Mining - Chapter 6 - Advanced Process Discovery_techniquesWil van der Aalst
Slides supporting the book "Process Mining: Discovery, Conformance, and Enhancement of Business Processes" by Wil van der Aalst. See also http://springer.com/978-3-642-19344-6 (ISBN 978-3-642-19344-6) and the website http://www.processmining.org/book/start providing sample logs.
Presentation slides from Usability Professionals Association Conference (UPA 2010) in Munich, May 26 2010. Please email me for more context and details.
FDA Audit Process Training using turtle diagrams presented by Rob Packard, founder of http://MedicalDeviceAcademy.com and Brigid Glass, CEO of Brigid Glass & Associates.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Process Mining - Chapter 6 - Advanced Process Discovery_techniquesWil van der Aalst
Slides supporting the book "Process Mining: Discovery, Conformance, and Enhancement of Business Processes" by Wil van der Aalst. See also http://springer.com/978-3-642-19344-6 (ISBN 978-3-642-19344-6) and the website http://www.processmining.org/book/start providing sample logs.
Presentation slides from Usability Professionals Association Conference (UPA 2010) in Munich, May 26 2010. Please email me for more context and details.
FDA Audit Process Training using turtle diagrams presented by Rob Packard, founder of http://MedicalDeviceAcademy.com and Brigid Glass, CEO of Brigid Glass & Associates.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. QUAN 6610
Step 1: Decide on problem, type of
data, and causes or categories.
3
Step 2: Collect the data.
4
Process Variability Concepts 2
3. QUAN 6610
Step 3: Order the causes or categories.
5
Step 4: Calculate the cumulative totals.
6
Process Variability Concepts 3
4. QUAN 6610
Step 5: Draw and label the horizontal
axis.
7
Step 6: Draw, scale, and
label the vertical axis.
8
Process Variability Concepts 4
5. QUAN 6610
Step 7: Draw bars for each cause or
category.
9
Step 8: Draw cumulative total lines.
10
Process Variability Concepts 5
6. QUAN 6610
Interpret the Pareto Chart.
11
Pareto Diagram
(Using EXCEL)
1. Create a table listing the sources of defects in the first column
and in the second column calculate the total number of defects per
source.
Error Category Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Total
Improper credit check 2 1 1 4
Unsigned signature card 4 3 2 3 4 2 18
Starter checks not provided 4 1 1 6
Disclosures not provided 1 1 1 3
Checks not ordered 2 4 3 2 5 16
Paperwork lost at DP center 1 1 2
Incorrect data entry at DP 2 2 4
source: Brightman, Data Analysis
12
Process Variability Concepts 6
7. QUAN 6610
2. Sort the table by the total number of defects in descending order.
In the third column, calculate the cumulative percentage for each row
in the table.
Error Category Total Error Category Total Cum %
Unsigned signature card 18 Unsigned signature card 18 33.96%
Checks not ordered 16 Checks not ordered 16 64.15%
Starter checks not provided 6 Starter checks not provided 6 75.47%
Improper credit check 4 Improper credit check 4 83.02%
Incorrect data entry at DP 4 Incorrect data entry at DP 4 90.57%
Disclosures not provided 3 Disclosures not provided 3 96.23%
Paperwork lost at DP center 2 Paperwork lost at DP center 2 100.00%
3. Create a chart with the ChartWizard (custom --- line-column
on two axes).
13
Opening checking account errors
20 100.00%
15 80.00%
60.00%
10
40.00%
5 20.00%
0 0.00%
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14
Process Variability Concepts 7
8. QUAN 6610
Cause and Effect Diagram
15
Step 1: Develop problem statement.
16
Process Variability Concepts 8
9. QUAN 6610
Step 2: Brainstorm causes.
17
Step 2: Brainstorm causes.
18
Process Variability Concepts 9
10. QUAN 6610
Step 3: Determine the major cause categories.
19
Step 4: Determine the category for
Each listed cause.
20
Process Variability Concepts 10
11. QUAN 6610
Step 4: Determine the category for
Each listed cause.
21
Step 5: Put categories and causes
On cause & effect diagram.
22
Process Variability Concepts 11
12. QUAN 6610
Step 6: Identify the most likely causes.
23
“Failure to understand variation is
the central problem of
management.”
24
Process Variability Concepts 12
13. QUAN 6610
Stable vs. Unstable process
Stable process: a process in which variation in
outcomes arises only from common causes.
Unstable process: a process in which variation is a
result of both common and special causes.
25
source: Moen, Nolan and Provost, Improving Quality Through Planned Experimentation
Red Bead experiment
26
Process Variability Concepts 13
14. QUAN 6610
Red Bead Experiment
What are the lessons learned?
1.
2.
3.
4.
27
Statistical Process Control:
Control Charts
Process
Parameter • Track process parameter over time
- mean
- percentage defects
Upper Control Limit (UCL)
• Distinguish between
- common cause variation
Center Line (within control limits)
- assignable cause variation
(outside control limits)
Lower Control Limit (LCL)
• Measure process performance:
how much common cause variation
is in the process while the process
Time is “in control”?
28
Process Variability Concepts 14
15. QUAN 6610
Conceptual
view
of SPC
29
source: Donald Wheeler, Understanding Statistical Process Control
Process
Stability
vs.
Process
Capability
Wheeler, Understanding Statistical Process Control 30
Process Variability Concepts 15
16. QUAN 6610
Advantages of Statistical Control
1. Can predict its behavior.
2. Process has an identity.
3. Operates with less variability.
4. A process having special causes is unstable.
5. Tells workers when adjustments should not be made.
6. Provides direction for reducing variation.
7. Plotting of data allows identifying trends over time.
8. Identifies process conditions that can result in an
acceptable product.
31
source: Juran and Gryna, Quality Planning and Analysis, p. 380-381.
Identifying Special Causes of Variation
source: Brian Joiner, Fourth Generation Management, pp. 260.
See also Lean Six Sigma
Pocket Toolbook, p. 133-135.
32
Process Variability Concepts 16
17. QUAN 6610
Strategies for Reducing Special Causes of Variation
• Get timely data so special causes are signaled
quickly.
• Put in place an immediate remedy to contain any
damage.
• Search for the cause -- see what was different.
• Develop a longer term remedy.
33
source: Brian Joiner, Fourth Generation Management, pp. 138-139.
“In a common cause
situation, there is no such
thing as THE cause.”
Brian Joiner
34
Process Variability Concepts 17
18. QUAN 6610
Improving a Stable Process
• Stratify -- sort into groups or categories; look for
patterns. (e.g., type of job, day of week, time, weather,
region, employee, product, etc.)
• Experiment -- make planned changes and learn from
the effects. (e.g., need to be able to assess and learn
from the results -- use PDCA .)
• Disaggregate -- divide the process into component
pieces and manage the pieces. (e.g., making the
elements of a process visible through measurements
and data.)
35
source: Brian Joiner, Fourth Generation Management, pp. 140-146.
A Conversation with Joseph Juran
“Take this example: In finance we set a budget. The actual expenditure, month by
month, varies - we bought enough stationery for three months, and that’s going to be
a miniblip in the figures. Now, the statistician goes a step further and says, ‘How do
you know whether it’s a miniblip or there’s a real change here?’ The statistician says,
‘I’ll draw you a pair of lines here. These lines are such that 95% of the time, you’re
going to get variation between them.’
Now suppose something happens that’s clearly outside the lines. The odds are
something’s amok. Ordinarily this is the result of something local, because the
system is such that it operates in control. So supervision converges on the scene to
restore the status quo.
Notice the distinction between what’s chronic [common cause] and what’s sporadic
[special cause]. Sporadic events we handle by the control mechanism. Ordinarily
sporadic problems are delegable because the origin and remedy are local. Changing
something chronic requires creativity, because the purpose is to get rid of the status
quo - to get rid of waste. Dealing with chronic requires structured change, which has
to originate pretty much at the top.”
Source: A Conversation with Joseph Juran, Thomas Stewart, Fortune, January 11, 1999, p. 168-170. 36
Process Variability Concepts 18