1. Covalent Bonds

2. Covalent Bonds
• Covalent bonds occur when atoms
share electrons.
• Covalent bonds generally form
between nonmetals.
• Atoms that are covalently bonded form
molecules.

3. Covalent Bonds
• Covalent bonds occur at unpaired valence
electrons on the outer shell for each atom.
• Example: H2O has 2 bonds:
Before…
H O H
After…
O H
H

4. Covalent Bonds
• Covalent bonds create neutral
molecules when they come together.
• How many bonds between 2 atoms?
– Covalently bonded atoms can bond up to 3
times. They cannot exceed 3 bonds
between two atoms.

5. Covalent Bonds
• Double bonds: When two atoms share
two pairs of electrons.
– EX: O2
• Triple bonds: When two atoms share
three pairs of electrons.
– EX: N2

6. Covalent Bonds
• Properties of Covalent Bonds:
–
–
–
–
Low melting points
Low boiling points
Poor conductor of electricity
Between nonmetals and nonmetals

7. Covalent Bonds
• Properties of Covalent Bonds:
–
–
–
–
Low melting points
Low boiling points
Poor conductor of electricity
Between nonmetals and nonmetals