Rawa Abdullah creat this presentation about covalent bond to one of the chemical student

1. Covalent Bond
Prepared by : Pairaw
Abdulxalq
Supervisor: Dr. Mahir

2. JensMartensson
List of contents :
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• History
• Definition
• Examples
• Types of covalent bond
• Reference

3. JensMartensson
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The term covalence in regard
to bonding was first used in
1919 by Irving Langmuir in
a Journal of the American
Chemical Society article
entitled "The Arrangement of
Electrons in Atoms and
Molecules". Langmuir wrote
that "we shall denote by the
term covalence the number of
pairs of electrons that a given
atom shares with its neighbors.
History :

4. JensMartensson
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Definition :
A covalent bond is a chemical link
between to atoms in which electrons
are shared between them
OR
A covalent bond is a chemical bond
involves the sharing of electron pairs
between atoms this electron pairs are
known as shared pairs or bonding pairs
and the stable balance of attractive and
repulsive forces between atoms when
they share electrons is known as
covalent bonding .

5. JensMartensson
Examples:
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There is a covalent bond between
the oxygen and each hydrogen in
a water molecule (H2O). Each of
covalent bonds contains two
electrons one from hydrogen
atom and one from the oxygen
atom both atoms share the
electrons. In the molecule H2 the
hydrogen atoms share the tow
electron via covalent bonding.

6. JensMartensson
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Types of covalent
boanding
• A covalent bond formed by mutual
sharing of one electorn a pair is called
single covalent bond
• It is denoted by single line ( __ )
• In chemistry a single bond is a
chemical bond between two atoms
valence electrons . That’s the atoms
share one paire of electrons where the
bond form.
1.Single covalent bond :

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Double covalent bond
• A covalent bond formed by a mutual
sharing of two valence electrons is
called double covalent bond.
• it is denoted by double short lines ( )
Triple covalent bond :
• A covalent bond formed by a mutual sharing
of three electrons is called Triple covalent
bond.
• it is denoted by triple short lines ( )

8. JensMartensson
Reference :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bond
https://www.britannica.com/science/covalent-bond
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9. Thank You
Pairaw Abdulxalq