Counseling Basic

1
INTRODUCTION TOINTRODUCTION TO
COUNSELINGCOUNSELING
TopicsTopics
■■Definition of counselingDefinition of counseling
■■Guidance and counselingGuidance and counseling
■■Why counselingWhy counseling
■■Who is a counselorWho is a counselor
■■When is a counselor not ready to counselWhen is a counselor not ready to counsel
■■Who needs counselingWho needs counseling
■■Ten steps to counselingTen steps to counseling
■■ Counseling stagesCounseling stages
■■Counseling and Guidance ServicesCounseling and Guidance Services
■■Theories of Counseling.Theories of Counseling.Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).
Essentials of Counseling. Abosar

COUNSELINGCOUNSELING
Counseling is a developmental process,Counseling is a developmental process,
in which one individual (the counselor)in which one individual (the counselor)
provides to another individual orprovides to another individual or
group (the client), guidance andgroup (the client), guidance and
encouragement, challenge andencouragement, challenge and
inspiration in creatively managing andinspiration in creatively managing and
resolving practical, personal andresolving practical, personal and
relationship issues, in achieving goals,relationship issues, in achieving goals,
and in self-realization.and in self-realization.
Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).

Guidance is a group of plannedGuidance is a group of planned
services that include counseling, itservices that include counseling, it
provides the trainee withprovides the trainee with
miscellaneous information tomiscellaneous information to
upgrade his feeling of responsibility,upgrade his feeling of responsibility,
understand himself and know hisunderstand himself and know his
abilities and provide guidanceabilities and provide guidance
services to trainees.services to trainees.
GUIDANCEGUIDANCE

The concept of guidance and counseling reflect a commonThe concept of guidance and counseling reflect a common
meaning that includes awareness, assistance and change ofmeaning that includes awareness, assistance and change of
behavior to the better, but still there is a difference betweenbehavior to the better, but still there is a difference between
the two concepts-the two concepts-
Guidance is more general and comprehensive thanGuidance is more general and comprehensive than
counseling, it therefore includes counseling.counseling, it therefore includes counseling.
Guidance usually precedes counseling and paves the wayGuidance usually precedes counseling and paves the way
for it. Counseling follows guidance.for it. Counseling follows guidance.
Guidance stresses the theoretical aspect while counselingGuidance stresses the theoretical aspect while counseling
takes care of the practical aspect.takes care of the practical aspect.
Counseling is usually the relationship between the teacherCounseling is usually the relationship between the teacher
and the student who comes for assistance; therefore it is anand the student who comes for assistance; therefore it is an
individualistic relationship.individualistic relationship.
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELINGGUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

Deaths within theDeaths within the
family and friendsfamily and friends
and work associatesand work associates
InjuryInjury
DivorceDivorce
MarriageMarriage
StressStress
UnemploymentUnemployment
Change of jobsChange of jobs
WarWar
DisasterDisaster
BirthBirth
•Physical violencePhysical violence
•Sexual violenceSexual violence
•SexualSexual
discriminationdiscrimination
•Sexual abuseSexual abuse
•Abusive languageAbusive language
•IntoleranceIntolerance
•NegligenceNegligence
WHY COUNSELINGWHY COUNSELING

WHO IS A COUNSELOR?WHO IS A COUNSELOR?
A counselor is an individual who-A counselor is an individual who-
•Understands the feelings of a client and treats it as factUnderstands the feelings of a client and treats it as fact
•Keeps all information confidentialKeeps all information confidential
•Facilitates discussions on the issues in questionFacilitates discussions on the issues in question
•Builds self-esteem of the clientBuilds self-esteem of the client
•Reassures if the client is insecureReassures if the client is insecure
•Solicits the client’s own feelings and ideas for solutionsSolicits the client’s own feelings and ideas for solutions
•Be empathetic to the client and show careBe empathetic to the client and show care
•Has patienceHas patience
•Does not get distracted during interaction with clientDoes not get distracted during interaction with client
•Builds confidenceBuilds confidence
•Considers the client’s long and medium term goalsConsiders the client’s long and medium term goals
•Avoids acting like an expertAvoids acting like an expert
•Has a BIG ear and SMALL mouth so is able to listenHas a BIG ear and SMALL mouth so is able to listen
more than speak.more than speak.

When is a counselor not ready to counsel?When is a counselor not ready to counsel?
A counselor should not practice when S/he –A counselor should not practice when S/he –
•Lacks motivation and creativityLacks motivation and creativity
•Has prejudices against the clientHas prejudices against the client
•Has preconceptions about the issues facedHas preconceptions about the issues faced
by the clientby the client
•Feels social distance between themselvesFeels social distance between themselves
and their clientand their client
•Feels insecure and lacks self confidenceFeels insecure and lacks self confidence
•Be impulsive to clients commentsBe impulsive to clients comments

Who needs counseling?Who needs counseling?
•A person is always irritatedA person is always irritated
•AngryAngry
•Is distrustful of peopleIs distrustful of people
•Always suspiciousAlways suspicious
•Lacks self confidenceLacks self confidence
•Always in doubtAlways in doubt
•In apathy about lifeIn apathy about life
•Shows anxiety about the futureShows anxiety about the future
•Resents life and familyResents life and family
•Remains isolatedRemains isolated
•Lacks willingness to take any initiativesLacks willingness to take any initiatives
•Shows territorial behavior.Shows territorial behavior.

Ten Steps to CounselingTen Steps to Counseling
The ten steps to counseling are to establish basic groundThe ten steps to counseling are to establish basic ground
rules in what you do and how you operate.rules in what you do and how you operate.
1.1.Encourage the client to talk about the feelingEncourage the client to talk about the feeling
2.2.Validate the feeling with reflective listeningValidate the feeling with reflective listening
3.3.Let the client have the chance to speakLet the client have the chance to speak
4.4.Provide missing information where neededProvide missing information where needed
5.5.Talk about the client’s views and goalsTalk about the client’s views and goals
6.6.Communicate what it takes to get to the to the point neededCommunicate what it takes to get to the to the point needed
7.7.Observe signs of trouble and prepare for possible violenceObserve signs of trouble and prepare for possible violence
and threatsand threats
8.8.Encourage client to develop positive energy towards devisingEncourage client to develop positive energy towards devising
a solutiona solution
9.9.Establish a regular schedule for follow-up discussions andEstablish a regular schedule for follow-up discussions and
give feedbackgive feedback
10.10.Agree on what steps are needed to be taken by the client toAgree on what steps are needed to be taken by the client to
change the current situation.change the current situation.

COUNSELING PROCESSCOUNSELING PROCESS
STAGE ONESTAGE ONE
Forming rapport and gaining the client’s trustForming rapport and gaining the client’s trust
•Assuring confidentiality and discussing limits ofAssuring confidentiality and discussing limits of
confidentialityconfidentiality
•Allowing ventilationAllowing ventilation
•Allowing expression of feelingsAllowing expression of feelings
•Exploring the problem(s), asking the client to tellExploring the problem(s), asking the client to tell
their storytheir story
•Clarifying client expectations of counselingClarifying client expectations of counseling
•Describing what the counselors can offer and theirDescribing what the counselors can offer and their
method of workingmethod of working
•Statement from the counselor about theirStatement from the counselor about their
commitment to work with the client.commitment to work with the client.Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).

STAGE TWOSTAGE TWO
Definition and understanding of roles,Definition and understanding of roles,
boundaries and needsboundaries and needs
•Explaining roles and boundaries of theExplaining roles and boundaries of the
counseling relationshipcounseling relationship
•Establishing and clarifying client goals andEstablishing and clarifying client goals and
needsneeds
•Prioritizing client goals and needsPrioritizing client goals and needs
•Detailed history taking – telling the story inDetailed history taking – telling the story in
specific detailspecific detail
•Exploring client beliefs, knowledge andExploring client beliefs, knowledge and
concerns.concerns.

STAGE THREESTAGE THREE
Process of ongoing supportive counselingProcess of ongoing supportive counseling
•Continued expression of thoughts and feelingsContinued expression of thoughts and feelings
•Identifying optionsIdentifying options
•Identifying existing coping skillsIdentifying existing coping skills
•Development of further coping skillsDevelopment of further coping skills
•Evaluating options and their implicationsEvaluating options and their implications
•Enabling behavior changeEnabling behavior change
•Supporting and sustaining work on clientSupporting and sustaining work on client
problemsproblems
•Monitoring progress towards identified goalsMonitoring progress towards identified goals
•Altering plans as requiredAltering plans as required
Referral as appropriate.Referral as appropriate.

STAGE FOURSTAGE FOUR
Closure or ending the counseling relationshipClosure or ending the counseling relationship
•Client acting upon plansClient acting upon plans
•Client managing and coping with daily functioningClient managing and coping with daily functioning
•Existence of a support system and supports beingExistence of a support system and supports being
accessedaccessed
•Identification of strategies for maintenance ofIdentification of strategies for maintenance of
changechange
•Closure discussed and plannedClosure discussed and planned
•Appointment intervals lengthenedAppointment intervals lengthened
•Available resources and referrals identified andAvailable resources and referrals identified and
accessedaccessed
•Assurance provided to the client of the option toAssurance provided to the client of the option to
return to counseling if necessary.return to counseling if necessary.Book Reference: Kabir, SMS (2017).

Counseling and Guidance ServicesCounseling and Guidance Services
Religious CounselingReligious Counseling:: The counselor cooperatesThe counselor cooperates
with the Institute in urging the trainee to attendwith the Institute in urging the trainee to attend
congregational prayer and implant Islamic valuescongregational prayer and implant Islamic values
and Islamic doctrine into them through religiousand Islamic doctrine into them through religious
contests, lectures and connect activities andcontests, lectures and connect activities and
curricular with these Islamic values.curricular with these Islamic values.
Preventive Counseling:Preventive Counseling: The preventiveThe preventive
counseling tries to prevent the occurrence ofcounseling tries to prevent the occurrence of
problems regarding study and training and it alsoproblems regarding study and training and it also
tries to prevent social, psychological and healthtries to prevent social, psychological and health
problems through inculcating awareness programs.problems through inculcating awareness programs.

Educational Counseling:Educational Counseling: TheThe
educational counseling aims ateducational counseling aims at
assisting the trainee to proceedassisting the trainee to proceed
with his studies smoothly bywith his studies smoothly by
receiving new trainees andreceiving new trainees and
selection of gifted trainees andselection of gifted trainees and
trainees who stagger in theirtrainees who stagger in their
studies and set special programsstudies and set special programs
that help develop their talentsthat help develop their talents
and capabilities.and capabilities.

Vocational and Educational Counseling:Vocational and Educational Counseling: TheThe
Educational and Vocational Counseling aims atEducational and Vocational Counseling aims at
educating the trainees about the various types ofeducating the trainees about the various types of
vocational and university education and the typesvocational and university education and the types
of jobs and conditions of admission andof jobs and conditions of admission and
employment at institutes, centers, militaryemployment at institutes, centers, military
vocational institutes and colleges in order to assistvocational institutes and colleges in order to assist
in connecting education with development plans.in connecting education with development plans.
Social and Ethical Counseling:Social and Ethical Counseling: Social and EthicalSocial and Ethical
Counseling aims at finding the suitableCounseling aims at finding the suitable
environment which enables the trainee to acquireenvironment which enables the trainee to acquire
skills and expertise in order to interact with othersskills and expertise in order to interact with others
in accordance with the Islamic teachings.in accordance with the Islamic teachings.

THEORIES OF COUNSELINGTHEORIES OF COUNSELING
A.A. Psychoanalytical TheoryPsychoanalytical Theory
(Sigmund Freud)(Sigmund Freud)
 View of Human NatureView of Human Nature
 Structure of PersonalityStructure of Personality
 Developmental StagesDevelopmental Stages
 Ego Defense MechanismsEgo Defense Mechanisms
 Role of the CounselorRole of the Counselor
 Goals of therapyGoals of therapy
 TechniquesTechniques

B. Individual PsychologyB. Individual Psychology
(Alfred Adler)(Alfred Adler)
View of Human NatureView of Human Nature
Role of the CounselorRole of the Counselor
Goals of therapyGoals of therapy
TechniquesTechniques

C. Person CenteredC. Person Centered
(Carl Rogers)(Carl Rogers)

D. Existential CounselingD. Existential Counseling
(Rollo May and Viktor Frankl)(Rollo May and Viktor Frankl)

E. Gestalt (Fritz Perls)E. Gestalt (Fritz Perls)

F. RationalEmotive TherapyF. RationalEmotive Therapy
(Albert Ellis)(Albert Ellis)

G. Transactional AnalysisG. Transactional Analysis
(Eric Berne)(Eric Berne)

H. Behavioral TheoriesH. Behavioral Theories
(B. F. Skinner)(B. F. Skinner)

I.I. Reality therapyReality therapy
(William Glasser)(William Glasser)
 View of Human NatureView of Human Nature
 Role of the CounselorRole of the Counselor
 Goals of therapyGoals of therapy
 TechniquesTechniques

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