The document discusses the counseling process and ethics. It involves 5 main steps: 1) relationship building, 2) problem assessment, 3) goal setting, 4) intervention, and 5) evaluation, follow-up, termination or referral. Key counseling skills include active listening, empathy, genuineness, unconditional positive regard, open-ended questions, and providing interpretations. Counselors must follow a code of ethics which promotes respect, dignity and just treatment of clients. When facing an ethical dilemma, counselors should consult guidelines and other professionals to resolve situations in a way that avoids harm and promotes well-being.

1. PROCESS OF COUNSELLING

2. COUNSELLING
Counseling – is a scientific process of assistance extended by an
expert in an individual situation to a needy person.
Counseling involves relationship between two persons in
which one of them COUNSELOR attempts to assists the other
COUNSELEE OR CLIENT in so Organizing himself as to attain a
particular form of happiness, adjusting to a life situation, or in
short, self actualization.

3. • The counselling process is a planned, structured and
dialogue between a cousellor and a client.
• It is a cooperative process in which a trained
professional helps a person called the client to identify
the sources of difficulties or concerns that he or she is
experiencing.
• Together they develop ways to deal with and overcome
these problems so that the person has new skills and
increased understanding of themselves and others.

5. COUNSELING PROCESS
STEP 1. RELATIONSHIP BUILDING
The first step involves building a
relationship and focuses on engaging clients
to explore issue that directly affect them.

6. SOME STEPS FOR RELATIONSHIP
BUILDING FOR THE COUNSELLOR
1. Introduce yourself
2. Invite client to sit down
3. Ensure client is comfortable
4. Address the client by name
5. Invite social conversation to reduce anxiety
6. Watch for nonverbal behavior as signs of client’s emotional
state

7. SOME STEPS FOR RELATIONSHIP BUILDING
FOR THE COUNSELLOR
7. Invite client to describe his or her reason for
coming to talk
8. Allow client time to respond
9. Indicate that you are interested in the person

8. COUNSELING PROCESS
STEP 2. PROBLEM ASSESSMENT
While the counselor and the client are in the
process of establishing a relationship, a second process
is taking place, which is problem assessment.

9. COUNSELING PROCESS
STEP 3. GOAL SETTING
Like any other activity, counselling must have a
focus. Goals are the results or outcomes that clients wants
to achieve at the end of counseling.

10. COUNSELING PROCESS
STEP 4. INTERVENTION
There are different points of view concerning
what a good counselor should do with clients
depending on the theoretical positions that the
counselor subscribes to.

11. COUNSELING PROCESS
STEP 5. EVALUATION, FOLLOW-UP, TERMINATION OR
REFERAL
For the beginning counselor, it is difficult to
think of terminating the counseling process, as they
are more concerned with beginning the counseling
process.

12. However, all counselling aims towards
successful termination.
Terminating the counseling process will have
to be conducted with sensitivity with the client
knowing that it will have to end.
Counselor always mindful of avoiding
fostering dependency and aware of own needs.

13. SKILL OF COUNSELING
1. LISTENING
In counselling, they called attending. Attending just means to position
yourself to the patient in a way that lets the patient know that you are aware of
them, that they have your full undivided attention, and that you care about what
they have to say, and in general, them as a person.

14. SKILL OF COUNSELING
2. EMPATHY
Empathy does not mean that you have to identify with the patient or
share similar experiences.
You may not actually know how they feel, but it’s important to develop
the ability to discern another’s experience and then to communicate
that perception back to the individual to clarify what they have said.

15. SKILL OF COUNSELING
3. Genuineness
Be honest. Be yourself. Be comfortable. Your actions need to
reflect the words you are saying.
For instance, if you have expressed that you are comfortable with
helping them navigate through all issues, and you act surprised or
uncomfortable when they talk about a more private, or even
intimate issue this can be a stumbling block in the growth progress.

16. SKILL OF COUNSELING
4. Unconditional Positive Regard
Regardless of what is said, there needs to be an endless amount of
kindness, and expression of caring. You may disagree, or see flaws in their
reasoning, but your job is not to argue them to your side, but to gently
encourage them to see things through the scope of reality.
We all need encouragement, and guidance to help us see things through the
scope of reality.

17. SKILL OF COUNSELING
5. Concreteness
It is important to stay focused on specific and relevant
facts and feelings; and to avoid getting off-topic, making
sweeping statements, or talking about the counselor rather than
the client.

18. SKILL OF COUNSELING
6. Open Questions
This is a helpful questioning method to get your client to
clarify or explore thoughts, and feelings.
When asking open-ended questions, you don’t want to request a
specific bit of information or limit the question to a brief answer,
or yes or no.

19. SKILL OF COUNSELING
7. Counselor Self-Disclosure
This is when the counselor shares personal feelings, life experiences, or certain
reactions to the client.
As a common practice, it is safer not to self-disclose unless for some reason there
is no other way to meet a clinical need.
In which case, it should only include relevant content intended to build them up.

20. SKILL OF COUNSELING
8. Interpretation
This is any statement outside of what the patient has actually said or may even be
aware of.
When interpreting the counselor is able to provide a new perspective, provoke
thoughts or feelings, or present an explanation for behaviors.
Interpretations may help patients connect things that they have compartmentalized,
reveal patterns or themes, and it can offer a fresh way of thinking.

21. SKILL OF COUNSELING
9. Information Giving and Removing Obstacles to Change
Together, with your patient, identify possible problems that
may be hindering their growth process, and think through
possible solutions and alternatives.

22. ETHICS OF COUNSELOR
Every profession has in some form or other a CODE OF ETHICS
Ethics are guidelines that are based on the principles of counsellor in the code of
ethics.
A moral philosophy of what is right and wrong and which bring the greatest
benefits for most people.
American Counselling Association has Ethical Standards of Psychologists

23. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
A systematized body of moral priciples that guide or determine
the counselor’s behavior in his relationships to the counselee, to
the counselee’s relatives, to his referring agency, and to society
in general.
Ethics are a set of moral principles or rules of conduct for an
individual or group. The term ethics comes from the greek
ethos meaning costum, habits or character.

24. Following the Counseling Code of Ethics
To help professional counselors understand how to safeguard
themselves and best serve their clients, the American Counseling
Association (ACA) publishes a set of ethical guidelines that promote
respect, dignity and just treatment within the context of the counselor
and client relationship.
This Code of Ethics can assist professionals who are faced
with ethical dilemmas in counseling by offering a detailed set of
protocols to help guide their course of action.

25. Keeping a Code of Ethics
The Counseling Relationship
Confidentiality and Privacy
Professional Responsibility
Relationships With Other Professionals
Evaluation, Assessment and Interpretation
Supervision, Training and Teaching
Research and Publication
Distance Counseling, Technology and Social Media
Resolving Ethical Issues

26. Facing an Ethical Dilemma
When challenges arise, the way forward may not immediately be
clear. Start by separating facts from assumptions, bias, hypotheses
or suspicions. Determine if the problem is an ethical, professional,
clinical or legal problem (or a combination). Review the
professional literature, especially the ACA Code of Ethics, to see if
guidelines for addressing the problem are provided there. Consult
with other professional counselors to get input on resolving the
situation.

27. Remember, your action or inaction in any situation involving
ethics will impact all parties involved, so let the foundational
principles of counseling guide your decisions:
 Autonomy: Counselors should encourage and enable clients to
take control of the direction of their own lives wherever
possible
 Nonmaleficence: Counselors’ chosen action or inaction should
never intentionally cause harm

28.  Beneficence: Mental health and well-being should be
a priority for the good of the individual and for society
more broadly
 Justice: Counselors should treat all people fairly and
equitably
 Fidelity: Counselors should honor all personal and
professional commitments, promises and
responsibilities

29. Qoutes:
“Problems are not stop signs, they are guidelines” Robert
Schuller
“Problems are the gifts that make us dig out and figure
out who we are, what we’re made for, and what we’re
responsible to give back to life” Tony Robbins

30. “No matter what our problem, God is the Solution” Pauline
Creeden
-End-
Thank You
Prepared by: Ma. Elena I. Fernandez