large scale industry

2. Layout of the project of cotton textile industry of Pakistan.
Location
Feasibility of locations
 Raw material
Processes
Output[products]
Uses of products
Problems faced by the industry
 Problems faced by the people,
environment, economy
Question bank[2000-2007]
Source:
www.google.com
www.cleo.net.uk

3. BADIN
SANGHAR
NAWABSHAH
RAHIM YAR KHAN
BAHALWALPUR
MULTAN
MUZZAFFARGARH
KHANEWAL
SAHIWAL
BAHALWALNAGAR
VEHARI

5. Karachi as the
largest cotton textile
centre in Pakistan.
Faisalabad as the
second most
favorable textile
centre in Pakistan.

10. Raw material
Raw material is any unprocessed natural product
used in manufacture of any consumer good. In the
case of cotton, raw cotton is the main raw material.

14. Transportation of Cotton After Ginning

15. Cotton Bales Processing

16. Process:
At the textile mill, the bales are opened by
machines, and the lint is mixed and cleaned
further by blowing and beating. The short lint
that comes out usually is separated and sold
for use in other industries

17. The spinning devices
take fibers from the
sliver and rotate it up
to 2,500 revolutions in
a second twist that
makes fibers into a
yarn for weaving or
knitting into fabrics.
Spinning

18. Weaving and knitting:
Machines called looms weave cotton yarns into fabrics the
same way the first hand weaving frames did. Modern
looms work at great speeds.
Until 1830 most weaving was done by hand on a wooden loom
After 1830 the power loom was used in factories to weave cloth.
Hand
weaving
frames
knitting
Power loom

19. Final checking:
Folding Machines
After the weaving is complete,
the fabric is taken to the
checking department where it
is checked and mended if
necessary. After the fabric
has been woven and checked
thoroughly, it is folded by
folding machines .
Finishing processes included
dyeing, bleaching and
printing. Some cotton goods
are made by cotton
manufacturers themselves.
Finishing

20. By products:
•The cottonseed which remains after the
cotton is ginned, is used to produce
cottonseed oil, which after refining can
be consumed by humans like any other
vegetable oil.
•The cottonseed meal that is left, is
generally fed to livestock.
•Cotton linters are fine, silky fibers
which adhere to the seeds of the cotton
plant after ginning. These curly fibers
are typically less than 1/8in, 3mm long.
Linters are traditionally used in the
manufacture of paper and as a raw
material in the manufacture of cellulose
Lint
Seeds

21. Products
Cotton is used to make a number of textile products. These include terrycloth, used to
make highly absorbent bath towels and robes; denim, used to make blue jeans; chambray
popularly used in the manufacture of blue work shirts and corduroy, seersucker, and
cotton twill.
Socks and most T-shirts are made from cotton. Bed sheets are often made from cotton.
Cotton is also used to make yarn used in crochet and knitting.
While many fabrics are made completely of cotton, some materials blend cotton with other
fibers, including rayon and synthetic fibers such as polyester.

23. Cotton Fabric Bags

24. .

28. Economic Problems
In order to meet the increasing demand of cotton, cotton has to be
imported and due to which a huge amount of foreign exchange has to be
spent to import cotton.
If cotton is destroyed by a lot of pests then local market and the export
of cotton will be effected and Pakistan will be short of revenue.
if cotton is destroyed because of alot of pests, this means that there
would be a decrease in the crop yield and then export of cotton is
dropped and the cotton industry is at a loss. It will have to invest more
money to grow new crops which is a burden on the economy.
Some cotton pests

32. Cotton is the top crop consuming around 85 % of applied pesticides.
Heavy consumption of pesticides and poor irrigation practices turn the fields barren-
contaminated with salt and pesticides.
 Drinking water pollution, childhood illness including blood diseases and birth defects
are observed.
Cotton textile workers have an increased prevalence of both obstructive and
restrictive lung function patterns when compared to control subjects.
Secondary pest outbreaks, ecosystem imbalance and crop failure are some other side
effects.The experience of undesired effects from the application of pesticides in cotton
field had been a global reality.
Problems faced by the people:
A full-time farm worker since
the age of seven, Matthews is
all too familiar with the effects
of pesticides. In a single day's
work with plants saturated in
heavy chemicals, Matthews has
lost her finger and toenails.

35. Question bank
b)1) Explain why Karachi is the largest cotton textile
manufacturing center in Pakistan.
[4]
2) Two of the three main cotton textile manufacturing centers
of Pakistan are situated within areas which grow cotton. Name
one of these centers.
[1]
3)Quetta is a ‘market-oriented’ cotton textile manufacturing
center.what does this mean? [2]
c)1)Compare transport by road and rail for raw cotton from the
farms to where it is processesed within Pakistan.
[3]