This document discusses the concept of correlation in education. It defines correlation as the relationship between different subjects in the curriculum. Correlation can be direct or reciprocal. There are three types of correlation: within a subject, between subjects, and between subjects and life/environment. Correlation between science and other subjects can be incidental or systematic. Incidental correlation occurs naturally through broad subject treatment, while systematic correlation requires careful curriculum organization and teacher cooperation. Examples are provided to illustrate incidental correlation in physics, chemistry, and biology lessons.

1. PRESENTED BY ,
TEENA THANKACHEN
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
MTTC, PATHANAPURAM

3. CONCEPT OF CORRELATION
• It means the relationship between different
subjects of the curriculum.
• It can be Direct / Reciprocal.
• Development of the mind can be achieved
when the person has got the ability to solve
problems.
• To solve that practical difficulty combined
knowledge of physics and other branches of
knowledge is necessary.

4. • The interrelationship of science must be
taught in schools in relation to another
subjects.
• The child must know the importance between
the different branches of knowledge.

5. CORRELATION IS OF THREE KINDS:
• Correlation within the subject
• Correlation with other subjects
• Correlation with life and environment

6. Correlation of science with other
subjects can be of two types :
• Incidental Correlation
• Systematic Correlation

7. INCIDENTAL CORRELATION
• Natural correlation.
• It means a broad treatment of the subject that
brings about points of similarities between
science and other related subjects.
• Success of incidental correlation depends on
‘wide knowledge and versatility of the science
teacher’ .

8. EXAMPLES OF INCIDENTAL
CORRELATION
A chemistry teacher while teaching about
, teacher says about Haemoglobin, carrier of
And mountaineers use carriers.
A chemistry teacher while teaching about the
structure of atom correlates with history by
telling about Kanada muni and the progress in
ancient India.
A Biology teacher while teaching about eye
correlates with a camera and the formation of
image in a convex lens.
2O
2O
2O

9. SYSTEMATIC CORRELATION
• It is achieved by a careful organization of
curriculum in different subjects .
• It can be effective only when the teachers of
different subjects co-operate and co-ordinate
their work.

10. Distinction between Incidental &
Systematic Correlation
INCIDENTAL CORRELATION SYSTEMATIC CORRELATION
1. It correlates the subject matter and
makes use of casually while teaching a
unit.
1. Systematic correlation in curriculum
development is well planned and
organized effort of a group of teachers.
2. It may go unnoticed by some students
who are inattentive.
2. It is noticed by the teachers.
3. If Incidental Correlation is not made
with stress the student may feel
confused as to why the teacher is
talking of a topic in the History in
Physics / Chemistry class.
3. The relation is made clear to the
student.
4. Transfer of learning achieved is not
satisfactory.
4. Maximum transfer of learning is
achieved.

11. INCIDENTAL CORRELATION SYSTEMATIC CORRELATION
5. It doesn’t prevent repetition and the
student tends to feel bored.
5. It avoids repetition.
6. It is in the usual Classroom. 6. It prevents wastage of energy and time
in the classroom.
7. Work of teachers remains
individualized.
7. Co-operation between teachers is
developed.

12. CORRELATION OF SCIENCE WITHIN
THE SUBJECT
• All the branches of science are interdependent
upon each other & a no: of facts and
principles which are common to various
science subjects.
• As a result , new subjects like Physical
chemistry,Bio-Physics,Bio-Chemistry,Soil
Chemistry , Electrochemisry , Geo- Physics
have been introduced.

13. • Subject like ‘atom’, ‘heat of a chemical reaction’,
‘Electrolysis’, are of equal importance to a Physicist and
Chemist.
• Physics provides instruments for the study of almost all
other science subjects , thus correlating many
principles of physics with other science subjects.
• Chemistry find its applications in various subjects like
physics(theory of electrochemical
reaction),biology(chemical manuring , air and
water);hygiene and physiology(air , water , chemistry
of foods , chemistry of blood and purification of water)

14. PHYSICS
 LIGHT: light and health, light and germs , light
and vitamins , artificial sunlight , in sun-bathing.
Eye as camera , use of spectacles. Natural and
artificial lighting, physics and physiology of
room.
 HEAT: temperature of body, heat as energy,
heating of rooms, humidity, ventilation , sweat,
evaporation, treatment of heat burns.
 SOUND: ear how it works , effect of noise on
health.

15. PHYSICS
 ELECTRICITY : use of electricity in homes,
heating and lighting for health , electricity as
a curative agent, X-ray, electric shock and its
treatment.
 MECHANICS : bones and muscles from
mechanical systems, work and energy of
human body.

16. CHEMISTRY
• The chemistry of foods, digestive system,
vitamins , chemistry of blood, soap , hard and
soft water detergents.

17. BIOLOGY
• Development , structure and chief functions of
the body breathing and correlation of blood.