This presentation includes an information about Novel Corona Virus (Introduction, Signs , Symptoms , Causes, Diagnosis , treatment etc.)

1. CORONA VIRUS
BY GAURAV S. PATIL
FINAL YEAR B. PHARM
KVPS, INSTITUE OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION, BORADI.
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2. INTRODUCTION
• The coronavirus is a family of viruses that can cause a range of illnesses in humans including
common cold and more severe forms like SARS and MERS which are lifethreatening.
• The coronavirus is a family of viruses that can cause a range of illnesses in humans including
common cold and more severe forms like SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS
(Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) which are life threatening.
• The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a new coronavirus that has
not been seen in humans before and has occurred only in residents of or travellers to certain Middle
East countries.
• It is not known for certain where the virus came from, however, it likely came from an animal
source.
• Earlier reports that snakes might have been the natural reservoir for the virus have been widely
disputed. Some argued that the reservoir must be bats and the intermediate host is a bird or
mammal, not snakes (as snakes, unlike humans, are poikilotherms or "cold-blooded"), while others
used data on recombination and SARS/MERS codon usage bias to refute the snake scenario. The
recombination event mentioned probably happened in bats.
• In addition to humans, MERS-CoV has been found in camels in Qatar and a bat in Saudi Arabia.
• This has a unique pathogenesis because it causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infections
and can also cause Gastroenteristis. Gaurav Patil 222-03-2020

3. CORONA VIRUS OUTBREAK
# WUHAN CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAK
• The 2019–20 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak, formally the outbreak of novel coronavirus
(2019-nCoV) is an ongoing virus epidemic primarily affecting mainland China, along with isolated
cases in 187 other countries and territories.
• In early December 2019 a new coronavirus, designated 2019-nCoV, was identified in Wuhan, the
capital of China's Hubei province, after 41 people developed pneumonia without a clear cause
(2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease).
• The virus is capable of spreading from person to person. The incubation period (time from
exposure to onset of symptoms) ranges from 2 to 14 days, but it may be contagious during this
period and after recovery.
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4. CORONA VIRUS IN INDIA
1. India now has crosses 340+ confirmed cases of the Novel Coronavirus. The most
number of cases were found in Maharashtra which were 75. Among the 340+ cases
the 23 cases of COVID-19 were recovered, while 5 deaths were reported.
2. Around all the states of India were affected due to Novel Corona Virus. Each state
were reported the cases of Novel Corona Virus.
3. There are only three test centres were available in Maharashtra uptill to the date
they were located at Pune , Mumbai and Nagpur respectively. The number of
centres for the test of Novel Corona Virus were increasing as early as possible is
the statement given by the Govt. of Maharashtra.
4. The Govt. of Maharashtra, Punjab, Delhi, Rajasthan is now announces the Lock
down upto the date of 31st March. Only few most essential servies were exempted
from this Lock down.
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5. The following figure shows the statistics of Novel Corona Virus dated
21.03.2020
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6. Signs, Symptoms and Diagnosis of Novel Corona Virus
• Those infected may be asymptomatic or have mild to severe symptoms or Cold- or
flu-like symptoms, like fever, cough, shortness of breath, and diarrhoea.
• The time from exposure to onset of symptoms is estimated at 2 to 10 days by the
World Health Organization and 2 to 14 days by the US Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC).
• Upper respiratory symptoms such as sneezing, a runny nose or sore throat are less
frequent. Cases of severe infection can result in pneumonia, kidney failure, and
death.
#Diagnosis:
• The WHO has published several testing protocols for 2019-nCoV. Testing uses
real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). The test can
be done on respiratory or blood samples. Results are generally available within a
few hours to days. Chinese scientists were able to isolate a strain of the
coronavirus and publish the genetic sequence so that laboratories across the world
could independently develop PCR tests to detect infection by the virus.
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7. Signs, Symptoms and Diagnosis of Novel Corona Virus
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8. CAUSE AND SPREAD OF CORONA VIRUS
#Causes:
• Coronaviruses are spread through air droplets expelled when an infected
individual coughs or sneezes within a range of about 6 feet (1.8 m), which can
contaminate surfaces like door handles or railings.
#CORONAVIRUSES CAN SPREAD IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:
• Coughing and sneezing without covering the mouth can disperse droplets into the
air, spreading the virus.
• Touching or shaking hands with a person that has the virus can pass the virus
from one person to another.
• Making contact with a surface or object that has the virus and then touching your
nose, eyes, or mouth.
• On rare occasions, a coronavirus may spread through contact with feces.
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9. BASIC PROTECTIVE MEASURES AGAINST CORONA VIRUS
1. Wash your hands frequently
• Wash your hands frequently with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand rub if your hands are not
visibly dirty.
• Why? Washing your hands with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rub eliminates the virus if it is on
your hands.
2. Practice respiratory hygiene
• When coughing and sneezing, cover mouth and nose with flexed elbow or tissue – discard tissue immediately
into a closed bin and clean your hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water.
• Why? Covering your mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing prevent the spread of germs and viruses. If
you sneeze or cough into your hands, you may contaminate objects or people that you touch.
3. Maintain social distancing
• Maintain at least 1 metre (3 feet) distance between yourself and other people, particularly those who are
coughing, sneezing and have a fever.
• Why? When someone who is infected with a respiratory disease, like 2019-nCoV, coughs or sneezes they
project small droplets containing the virus. If you are too close, you can breathe in the virus.
4. If you have fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical care early.
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10. IMPORTANT PROTECTIVE MEASURES
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11. IMPORTANT PROTECTIVE MEASURES
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12. IMPORTANT PROTECTIVE MEASURES
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13. DRUGS USED FOR TREATMENT
• The drug treatment includes a mixture of Anti-HIV drugs LOPINAVIR and RITONAVIR, in
COMBINATION with Flu drug OSELTAMIVIR in large doses.
• CHLOROQUINE and HYDROXYCHOROQINE, AZITHROMYCIN are also the drug were
useful in the treatment of Novel Corona Virus.
• Though the no evident proof drug still is not discover or available for the treatment.
• On the other hand many Pharmaceutical companies like IPCA, Novartis and Mylan increases the
production of the above mentioned drugs as per the need and instructions of Governments.
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14. REFERNCES
1. www.who.int
2. www.mohfw.gov.in
3. Science Direct Topics.
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15. THANK YOU
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