2. What is COVID-19?
A new virus called the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the cause of a
disease outbreak that began in China in 2019. The disease is
called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
In early 2020, after a December 2019 outbreak in China, the
World Health Organization identified SARS-CoV-2 as a new
type of coronavirus. The outbreak quickly spread around the
world.
3. Why is it called Coronavirus?
Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that have crown-
like thorns on their surface. The Latin word for crown
is coronam.
Coronavirus refers to a large family of viruses that includes
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. For this reason,
some people call the virus coronavirus.
Crown = “Corona”
4. ORIGIN OF THE VIRUS
Circulated in a veried range of animals
Spillover
Effected due to a
range of factors
MERS-COV
SARS-COV
5. Coronaviruses are a big family of different viruses. Some of
them cause the common cold in people. Others infect
animals, including bats, camels, and cattle.
The recent outbreak began in Wuhan, a city in the Hubei
province of China. Reports of the first COVID-19 cases
started in December 2019.
SARS-CoV-2 made the jump to humans at one of Wuhan’s
open-air “wet markets.” They’re where customers buy fresh
meat and fish, including animals that are killed on the spot.
Coronavirus History
7. Coronaviruses mainly spreads from person to person among
those in close contact (within about 6 feet, or 2 meters). The
virus spreads by respiratory droplets released when
someone infected with the virus coughs, sneezes, breathes,
sings or talks. These droplets can be inhaled or land in the
mouth, nose or eyes of a person nearby.
Sometimes the COVID-19 virus can spread when a person is
exposed to small droplets that stay in the air for several
minutes or hours — called airborne transmission
How does the Coronavirus spread?
8. SYMPTOMS
Exposure Symptoms
5-6 days
Range from 1-14 days
Very mild to
severe
Some may be
asymptomatic
Fever
Fatigue
Respiratory symptoms
Cough
Sore throat
Shortness of breath
9. Some people
Loss of smell or taste Skin rash
Severe cases
Pneumonia
Diarrhea
Organ failure Death
10. COVID-19 symptoms can be very mild to severe. Some
people have no symptoms. The most common symptoms
are fever, cough and tiredness.
Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, muscle
aches, chills, sore throat, headache, chest pain, and loss of
taste or smell. This list is not all inclusive. Other less
common symptoms have also been reported. Symptoms
may appear two to 14 days after exposure.
What are the symptoms of Coronavirus?
11. RISK FACTORS
people recover without needing special treatment
80%
Older people
Chronic respiratory
disease
Obesity
High blood pressure Diabetes
Cancer
Heart disease
12. • serious heart conditions, such as heart failure, coronary
artery disease, or cardiomyopathies
• kidney disease
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• obesity, which occurs in people with a body mass index
(BMI) of 30 or higher
• sickle cell disease
• a weakened immune system from a solid organ transplant
• type 2 diabetes
Which groups are at risk?
The risk is higher for anyone in close contact with people who
have COVID-19, such as healthcare workers. Others are:-
14. Which are the diagnostic tests?
PCR test: This tests for the presence of the actual virus’s
genetic material or its fragments as it breaks down. This is
the most reliable and accurate test for detecting active
infection.
Antibody (serology) test: This tests detects if you’ve had an
immune response (antibodies) to the virus. This means that
you’ve had the virus and your body (immune system,
specifically antibodies) has mounted an attack to fight it. The
test is detecting those antibodies. This test shouldn’t be
used to diagnose an active infection.
16. Coronavirus Treatment
Treatment at Home
• Rest: It can make you feel better and may speed your
recovery.
• Stay home: Don't go to work, school, or public places.
• Drink fluids: Dehydration can make symptoms worse and
cause other health problems.
• Monitor: If your symptoms get worse, call your doctor right
away. Don't go to their office without calling first.
• Ask your doctor about over-the-counter medicines that may
help, like acetaminophen to lower your fever.
17. Treatment in the Hospital
• Check the levels of oxygen in your blood with a clip-on
finger monitor.
• Listen to your lungs.
• Give you a COVID-19 test. This involves putting a 6-inch
cotton swab up both sides of your nose for about 15
seconds.
• Give you a chest X-ray or CT scan.
18. MEDICATION
In October 2020, the FDA approved the antiviral drug
Remdesivir to treat COVID-19. The drug may be used to treat
adults and children ages 12 and older and weighing at least 88
pounds, who have been hospitalized for COVID-19. Clinical trials
suggest that in these patients, remdesivir may modestly speed
up recovery time.
Remdesivir
Antiviral drug
20. Masks and PPE
health settings
Stay at home
if unwell
Hotline
Medical
professional
Seek medical
care early
Share travel
history
Contact with
unwell people
Fever Cough
Difficulty
breathing
Important to follow this advice
21. Protect Yourself & Others
Ways to prevent the spread:
• Wear a mask that covers your nose and mouth to help
protect yourself and others.
• Stay 6 feet apart from others who don’t live with you.
• Get a COVID-19 vaccine when it is available to you.
• Avoid crowds and poorly ventilated indoor spaces.
• Wash your hands often with soap and water.
• Use hand sanitizer if soap and water aren’t available.
