This document discusses and compares copyrights and Creative Commons licenses. It explains that copyright gives the owner exclusive rights over a work, while Creative Commons licenses allow some rights to be reserved. There are 6 main Creative Commons licenses that vary in whether they allow commercial use, modifications, and require similar licensing of derivatives. The licenses provide standardized ways for creators to share their work and for others to use it within certain parameters.
Redundant, Duplicate and Repetitive publications are the most important concerns in the scientific research/literature writing. The occurrence of redundancy affects the concepts of science/literature and carries with it sanctions of consequences. To define this issue is much challenging because of the many varieties in which one can slice, reformat, or reproduce material from an already published study. This issue also goes beyond the duplication of a single study because it might possible that the same or similar data can be published in the early, middle, and later stages of an on-going study. This may have a damaging impact on the scientific study/literature base. Similar to slicing a cake, there are so many ways of representing a study or a set of data/information. We can slice a cake into different shapes like squares, triangles, rounds, or layers. Which of these might be the best way to slice a cake? Unfortunately, this may be the wrong question. The point is that the cake that is being referred to, the data/ information set or the study/findings, should not be sliced at all. Instead, the study should be presented as a whole to the readership to ensure the integrity of science/technology because of the impact that may have on patients who will be affected by the information contained in the literature/findings. Redundant, duplicate, or repetitive publications occur when there is representation of two or more studies, data sets, or publications in either electronic or print media. The publications can overlap partially or completely, such that a similar portion, major component(s), or complete representation of a previously/simultaneous ly or future published study is duplicated.
SALAMI SLICING: The slicing of research publication that would form one meaningful paper into several different papers is known as salami publication or salami slicing. Unlike duplicate publication, which involves reporting the exact same data in two or more publications, salami slicing involves breaking up or segmenting a large study into two or more publications. These segments are called slices of a study. As a general rule, as long as the slices of a broken-up study share the same hypotheses, population, and methods, this is not acceptable in general practice. The same slice should never be published more than once at all. According to the United States Office of Research Integrity (USORI), salami slicing can result in a distortion of the literature/findings by leading unsuspecting readers to believe that data presented in each salami slice (journal article) is derived from a different subject sample/source. Somehow this practice not only skews the scientific database but it creates repetition to waste reader's time as well as the time of editors and peer reviewers, who must also handle each paper separately.
CONTENTS :
INTRODUCTION
TRANSPARENCY
PROMOTING RESEARCH INTEGRITY
EDITORIAL STANDARDS AND PROCESSES
RESPONSIBLE PUBLICATION PRACTICES
OWNERSHIP OF IDEAS AND EXPRESSION
Research Proposal, Synopsis
Steps for Making Effective Research Proposal, different components of research proposal, feature and benefits of effective research proposal
There is no straight formula to determine the best journal to publish your manuscript. However, analyzing various parameters may help you to decide the journal that best suits you for publishing. Following are some of those criteria:
https://www.cognibrain.com/criteria-for-selecting-journal-for-publication/
Presented by Dr. Sanjaya Mishra , Education Specialist, eLearning, COL and Principal Investigator, ROER4D Project at the Workshop on OER for Development supported by IDRC, Canada
Redundant, Duplicate and Repetitive publications are the most important concerns in the scientific research/literature writing. The occurrence of redundancy affects the concepts of science/literature and carries with it sanctions of consequences. To define this issue is much challenging because of the many varieties in which one can slice, reformat, or reproduce material from an already published study. This issue also goes beyond the duplication of a single study because it might possible that the same or similar data can be published in the early, middle, and later stages of an on-going study. This may have a damaging impact on the scientific study/literature base. Similar to slicing a cake, there are so many ways of representing a study or a set of data/information. We can slice a cake into different shapes like squares, triangles, rounds, or layers. Which of these might be the best way to slice a cake? Unfortunately, this may be the wrong question. The point is that the cake that is being referred to, the data/ information set or the study/findings, should not be sliced at all. Instead, the study should be presented as a whole to the readership to ensure the integrity of science/technology because of the impact that may have on patients who will be affected by the information contained in the literature/findings. Redundant, duplicate, or repetitive publications occur when there is representation of two or more studies, data sets, or publications in either electronic or print media. The publications can overlap partially or completely, such that a similar portion, major component(s), or complete representation of a previously/simultaneous ly or future published study is duplicated.
SALAMI SLICING: The slicing of research publication that would form one meaningful paper into several different papers is known as salami publication or salami slicing. Unlike duplicate publication, which involves reporting the exact same data in two or more publications, salami slicing involves breaking up or segmenting a large study into two or more publications. These segments are called slices of a study. As a general rule, as long as the slices of a broken-up study share the same hypotheses, population, and methods, this is not acceptable in general practice. The same slice should never be published more than once at all. According to the United States Office of Research Integrity (USORI), salami slicing can result in a distortion of the literature/findings by leading unsuspecting readers to believe that data presented in each salami slice (journal article) is derived from a different subject sample/source. Somehow this practice not only skews the scientific database but it creates repetition to waste reader's time as well as the time of editors and peer reviewers, who must also handle each paper separately.
CONTENTS :
INTRODUCTION
TRANSPARENCY
PROMOTING RESEARCH INTEGRITY
EDITORIAL STANDARDS AND PROCESSES
RESPONSIBLE PUBLICATION PRACTICES
OWNERSHIP OF IDEAS AND EXPRESSION
Research Proposal, Synopsis
Steps for Making Effective Research Proposal, different components of research proposal, feature and benefits of effective research proposal
There is no straight formula to determine the best journal to publish your manuscript. However, analyzing various parameters may help you to decide the journal that best suits you for publishing. Following are some of those criteria:
https://www.cognibrain.com/criteria-for-selecting-journal-for-publication/
Presented by Dr. Sanjaya Mishra , Education Specialist, eLearning, COL and Principal Investigator, ROER4D Project at the Workshop on OER for Development supported by IDRC, Canada
How to Commit a Legal Rip-off: Creative CommonsAnne Arendt
In order to not be plagiarizing materials, we need to ensure adequate copyright release and attribution for resources we use inside and outside the classroom. This presentation, instead of focusing on copyright issues and limitations, will focus on items placed in whole or in part into the public domain.
http://www.ilsharedlearning.org
#IOER
Learn about Creative Commons Licenses, what they are, and how Illinois Open Educational Resources (IOER) uses them.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Copyrights Vs Creative Commons
Copyrights
All Rights Reserve
• Re-use requires the
permission from owner
Creative Commons
Some Rights Reserved
• Re-use is permitted
without permission under
the specifications shared in
the license
3. Copyrights
Copyright refers to the legal right of the owner of intellectual property. In
simpler terms, copyright is the right to copy.
Under copy rights, the phrase “All Rights Reserved” is often used by
owners to indicate that they reserve all of the rights granted to them
under the law.
Copyright relates to literary and artistic creations, such as books, music,
paintings and sculptures, films and technology-based works (such as
computer programs and electronic databases).
Copyright protects the owner of the exclusive property rights against
those who copy or otherwise take and use the particular form in which
the original work was expressed.
When someone copies or edits a work that is protected under copyright
without permission, the owner may sue for the value of the violation
Most such cases are handled by civil law. In more serious cases, a person
who copies a work that is protected under copyright could be arrested,
fined or even go to prison
4. Creative Commons
Creative Commons is a global nonprofit organization that enables sharing and reuse
of creativity and knowledge through the provision of free legal tools.
Creative Commons licenses and tools were designed specifically to work with
the web, which makes content that is offered under their terms easy to search
for, discover, and use.
These legal tools help;
o those who want to encourage reuse of their works by offering them for use under
generous, standardized terms
o those who want to make creative uses of works and
o those who want to benefit from this symbiosis.
Creative Common provides six core licenses, each of which allow members of the
public to use the material in different ways include certain standard rights and
obligations.
5. These license are;
1. By Attribution
2. By Attribution-ShareAlike
3. By Attribution-NonCommercial
Although Creative Commons is best known for its licenses listed above,
many work extends beyond just providing copyright licenses.
Creative Common offers other legal and technical tools that also facilitate
sharing and discovery of creative works, such as CC0, a public domain
dedication for rights holders who wish to put their work into the public
domain before the expiration of copyright, and
the Public Domain Mark, a tool for marking a work that is in the worldwide
public domain.
4. By Attribution-No derivatives
5. By Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives
6. By Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
Creative Commons cont…
6. Creative Common License
1. By Attribution [CC BY]
This one is likely the most straightforward of all the Creative
Commons licenses because it’s the one they all build from. You
have to give credit to the creator.
This license requires anyone who uses the copyrighted work to
provide appropriate credit and indicate what, if any, changes
were made.
This license allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build
upon the material in any medium or format, so long as
attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for
commercial use.
7. Creative Common License
2. By Attribution-ShareAlike [CC BY-SA]
Credit must be given to the creator
Adaptations must be shared under the same terms
In plain English, it means that once you complete your changes to
the underlying work then your new work, when shared, carries with it
the exact same license and you can not prohibit others from
changing or sharing your work.
This license is the foundation for the idea of open-source works
where various people improve upon others work.
Without share-alike, derivative works might be sublicensed with
compatible but more restrictive license clauses
8. Creative Common License
3. By Attribution-NonCommercial [CC BY-NC]
Licensed works are free to use / share /remix with attribution, but
does not permit commercial use of the original work
Credit must be given to the
Only noncommercial uses of the work are permitted
Licensees may copy, distribute, display, and perform the work and
make derivative works and remixes based on it only for non-
commercial purposes.
9. Creative Common License
4. By Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike [CC BY-NC-SA]
This license lets others remix, adapt, and build upon your
work non-commercially, as long as they credit you and
license their new creations under the identical terms.
Credit must be given to the creator
Only noncommercial uses of the work are permitted
No derivatives or adaptations of the work are permitted
Licensed works are free to use/ share/ remix with attribution,
but does not permit commercial use of the original work
10. Creative Common License
5. By Attribution-NoDerivs [CC BY-ND]
You have to give credit, or used in the Creative Commons
license “appropriate credit”, but you can’t change the work in
any way.
Licensed work are free to use/ share with attribution, but does
not permit derivative works from the original.
In plain English, this license means you can use the work for
ANY – commercial, non-commercial, educational, work,
gaming, or what have you – purpose, so long as you provide
the license-required credit and not alter the work in any way.
11. Creative Common License
6. By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs [CC BY-NC-ND]
With this license, all you’re allowed to do is share it for free with
other people and in doing so give credit to the original creator.
Of course, you must provide “appropriate credit”, but you can
not modify the work in any manner then distribute it even if the
distribution is not for commercial gain.
Does not permit any commercial use or derivatives of the original
work
This license is the most restrictive of the Creative Common Licenses,
and is often regarded as a free advertising license.
12. References
Creative Commons. (2017, November 7). About CC Licenses. Mountain
View. Retrieved from
https://creativecommons.org/about/cclicenses/#:~:text=About%20CC%2
0Licenses%201%20The%20Creative%20Commons%20License,Choosing%
20a%20License.%20...%204%20Before%20Licensing.%20
Creative Commons. (2017, November 7). Frequently Asked Questions.
Mountain View. Retrieved from https://creativecommons.org/licenses/
Kenton, W. (2020, September 13). Copyright. (D. A, Ed.) Investopedia.
Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/copyright.asp
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). (2016). Understanding
Copyright and related rights. 4. Retrieved from
https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_909_2016.pdf