This document provides an overview of conventional power plants. It discusses the ideal Rankine cycle used in vapor power plants and sources of irreversibilities that cause actual cycles to deviate from the ideal. It also discusses how to increase the efficiency of the Rankine cycle and describes the essential equipment in a steam power plant, including the furnace, boiler, turbines or engines, piping system, and layout. Finally, it discusses classifications of boilers and lists major components of a boiler.

1. Conventional Power Plants
Presented By
1) Hashim Hasnain Hadi 13ME36
2) Ghulam Sarwar 13ME19
3) Imran Khan 13ME12
4) Habib ur Rehman 13ME24
5) Tauqeer Ahmed 13ME11
6) Rehan Khan 13ME13
7) Rashid Ahmed 13ME30
8) M Hassan 12ME58
9) Ashtar Abbas 13ME38
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2. 1.1 Ideal Rankine Cycle
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3. • The impracticalities associated with Carnot cycle can be eliminated by
superheating the steam in the boiler and condensing it completely in
the condenser.
• This cycle that results is the Rankine cycle, which is the ideal cycle for
vapor power plants.
• The ideal Rankine cycle dose not involve any internal irreversibilities
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4. 1.2 Deviation of Actual Vapor Power Cycle
from Idealized Ones
• Fluid friction and heat loss to the surroundings are the two common
sources of irreversibilites.
• Fluid friction causes pressure drop in the boiler, the condenser and the
piping between various components.
• To compensate for these pressure drops, the water must be pumped
to a sufficiently higher pressure than the ideal cycle.
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5. 1.3 How can We Increase the Efficiency of the
Rankine cycle?
• Lowering the condenser pressure
• Superheating the steam to high temperatures
• Increasing the boiler pressure
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6. 1.4 Steam Generator
• Steam is an important medium of producing mechanical energy.
• Steam has the advantage that it does not react much with the
materials of the equipment of power plant.
• Steam is stable at the temperature required in the plant. Steam is
used to drive steam engines, steam turbines etc.
• Steam power station is most suitable where coal is available in
abundance.
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7. 1.5 Essentials of Steam Power Plant
Equipment
A steam power plant must have following equipment :
• A furnace to burn the fuel.
• Steam generator or boiler containing water. Heat generated in the
furnace is utilized to convert water into steam.
• Main power unit such as an engine or turbine to use the heat energy of
steam and perform work.
• Piping system to convey steam and water
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8. 1.6 Layout of a Steam Power Plant
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9. 1.7.1 Classification of Boilers
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10. 1.7.2 Classification of Boilers
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11. 1.8 Major components of a Boiler
The boiler itself is a main component of a generation system that also
includes the fuel supply, combustion air system, feed water system, and
exhaust gases venting system. Major components are given as follows:
• Deaerator
• Economizer
• Heat Exchanger
• Soot blower
• Super heater
• Air pre-heater
• Condenser
• Cooling Tower
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