Oxygen is life, but in the case of foods, it is not so. When harvested, fresh fruits and vegetables
are at the peak of their quality. Their quality cannot be improved; it can only be deteriorated or
maintained. Fresh, high-quality products are the primary requirements for the national and international food industry during this current era. After harvesting, especially for fresh fruits and vegetables, continue their respiration process. The respiration rate has to be reduced to maintain quality, especially when the products are stored for an extended period or shipped to distant markets. The best way to preserve quality and extend shelf life is by cooling, and another method used to extend shelf life is the modification of the atmosphere surrounding the product. Also known as “CA storage” in the produce business, Controlled atmospheric storage is the storage in which external control systems control the atmosphere of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen (and sometimes other gases). Outside air consists of approximately 78% nitrogen (N2), 21% oxygen (O2), 0.045% carbon dioxide (CO2). CA lowers the oxygen level generally to 0.5-2.5%, depending on the type of product and the variety. CA conditions extend the shelf life of fruit and vegetables with a factor of 2 to 4.
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are at the peak of their quality. Their quality cannot be improved; it can only be deteriorated or
maintained. Fresh, high-quality products are the primary requirements for the national and international food industry during this current era. After harvesting, especially for fresh fruits and vegetables, continue their respiration process. The respiration rate has to be reduced to maintain quality, especially when the products are stored for an extended period or shipped to distant markets. The best way to preserve quality and extend shelf life is by cooling, and another method used to extend shelf life is the modification of the atmosphere surrounding the product. Also known as “CA storage” in the produce business, Controlled atmospheric storage is the storage in which external control systems control the atmosphere of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen (and sometimes other gases). Outside air consists of approximately 78% nitrogen (N2), 21% oxygen (O2), 0.045% carbon dioxide (CO2). CA lowers the oxygen level generally to 0.5-2.5%, depending on the type of product and the variety. CA conditions extend the shelf life of fruit and vegetables with a factor of 2 to 4.
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This is an exclusive ppt on packaging of meat products and covers all aspects of packaging from my course on "Technology of Meat, Fish and Poultry Products" (Bachelor's study)
this presentation speaks about the extrusion technology and incorporation of fruits and vegetable for enhancing the nutritional of the extruded food product.
MAP or Modified Atmosphere Packaging
is a widely used technique of preservation
when it comes to food packaging. MAP
technology like that in a tray sealing
machine is gaining more and more
popularity as a method of preserving
freshness and lengthening the shelf life of
fresh foods - fruits, vegetables, meat,
dairy products and more.
This chapter more focused on the reduced temperature processes. Therefore, processes like chilling, freezing, freeze drying and freeze concentration as well as modified or controlled atmosphere storage and packaging are the main lessons covered
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Controle atmosphere and modified atmosphere store and packaging
1. DEPARTMENT OF DAIRY SCIENCE AND FOOD
TECHNOLOGY
PAVAN H M
1st yr M.Sc Food technology
Topic : Control atmospheric and Modified
atmospheric
2. INTRODUCTION
• Controlled atmosphere (CA) and modified
atmosphere (MA) storage are technologies for
extending the shelf life of foods, especially fruits and
vegetables; and for eliminating pests in stored grains
and oilseeds.
• MA can extend the shelf life of meat, fish, poultry,
fresh pasta, sandwiches, eggs, and bakery products.
• CA and MA are used primarily for disinfestation
rather than for increasing the shelf life
3. Principle
The principle behind controlled and modified
atmosphere technologies is to reduce the rate of
respiration, reduce microbial growth, and retard
enzymatic spoilage by changing the gaseous
environment surrounding the food product. This is
achieved by reducing the concentration of oxygen (O2),
which is required in respiration, or by adding an
inhibitory gas such as carbon dioxide (CO2) or carbon
monoxide (CO). And nitrogen (N2) as inert gas
4. Physiological basis of CA Storage
Air contains about 20.9% O2 ,78.1 % N2, 0.003 % CO2
and trace amount of other gases including Ne, He,
CH4 and water vapour. In CA storage, oxygen is
reduced and CO2 is increased and ripening and
respiration rates are slowed down.
In CA O2 levels are reduced and CO2 levels are
increased
5.
6. Essential features of CA Storage
1. Mechanical refrigeration is used to maintain temperature
of -1 to 3°C.
2. The CA storage room is constructed gas tight.
3. Reduction on O2 - Nitrogen gas is introduced into the
storage by cylinder to reduce the oxygen level after room is
filled and sealed. CO2 is added into storage from CO2 gas
cylinder.
4. Excess CO2 is removed by dry hydrated lime,
Ethanolamine, Aluminium calcium silicate, Activated
carbon, Magnesium oxide, activated carbon are other
CO2 scrubbers.
7. 5. Atmospheric composition is crop specific. However, as
a general rule the most common combinations are 2-5%
oxygen and 3-10% carbon dioxide
6. The storage room atmosphere samples are taken daily
for CO2 and O2 monitoring.
8. Benefits of CA storage
1. Retardation of senescence and associated
biochemical and physiological changes
2. Reduction of produce sensitivity to ethylene action
at O2 levels below 8% and/ or CO2 levels above 1 %.
3. Useful tool for insect control in some commodities.
9. Limitations of CA storage
1. Causes certain physiological disorders such as
black heart in potatoes, brown stain of lettuce.
2. Irregular ripening of produce such as banana, pear,
tomato etc.
3. Development of off flavours and off odours at very
low O2 concentrations.
4. Timely non availability of gas
5. Costly and technical knowhow is required
10.
11. MAP
Displacement of( O2) oxygen to delay oxidation and
growth of aerobic spoilage microbes by replacing
corbon dioxide ( CO2) which act as preservative and
nitrogen (N2) which is innert gas ,which provides
cushion to commodity inside the packaging and
replace the O2 in the packaging environment
12.
13. Vacuum packing machine
Main part of MAP in which
the gas are inserted to
package and sealed,
Mix = N2/X
Nitrogen known and X is
obtained by setting value
in mixer
14. • Active modified atmosphere packaging
• Displaces gases in the package, replacing them with
a desired mixture of gases.
•
• Passive modified atmosphere packaging
• Involves using a selected film type when packaging
a product. The desired atmosphere develops
naturally due to the products' respiration and the
diffusion of gasses through the film
15. Advantage and Disadvantage of MA
• The advantages of MAP packaging include:
•
• MAP packages increase the shelf life of meat from 3 to 21 days,
cheese from 7 to 180 days, and fresh pasta from 3 to 60 days.
•
• For food producers, shelf life extension often lowers the cost of
a product by reducing spoilage, as well as providing long-
distance export options.
•
• For growers and consumers, it can extend the seasons of certain
fruits and vegetables.
•
• Because MAP packaging enables processors to extend shelf life
without using chemicals, it is also ideal for the packaging of
organic produce.
16. Disadvantages
Although MAP limits the growth of spoilage microbes, it
does not slow the growth of some harmful bacteria. For
this reason, MAP is usually used in conjunction with
other preservation techniques such as refrigeration.
Once these food packages are open, the food has a
normal shelf life.
Shelf life extension often lowers the cost of a product by
reducing spoilage, as well as providing long-distance
export options