Contraction of muscles class 11 CBSE
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This document describes the structure and function of skeletal muscle. It discusses the microscopic structure of muscle fibers, including the sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, myofibrils, actin filaments, myosin filaments, and other components. It explains how muscle contraction occurs through the sliding filament model, where calcium ions trigger the interaction of actin and myosin fibers, causing the sarcomere to shorten. Muscle relaxation is then driven by calcium being pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, breaking the actin-myosin bond and allowing the sarcomere to lengthen again. Diagrams are provided to illustrate the sarcomere structure and how it changes during contraction and relaxation.
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Structure of skeletal muscle
Structure of skeletal muscleDr. Alamzeb Associate professor ,HOD Physiology Saidu Medical College saidu Sharif Swat Pakistan
Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers that contain filaments of actin and myosin. Contraction occurs through a sliding filament mechanism when calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in response to an action potential, causing the actin and myosin filaments to interact and shorten the muscle. The sarcoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in muscle contraction by storing and releasing calcium ions in response to electrical signals transmitted via the motor nerve.Muscle physiology ,types of muscles: striated ,non striated and cardiac. ultr...
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The document discusses skeletal muscle contraction and is presented by Dr. Nilesh Kate. It covers the process of muscle excitation through the generation of an action potential. It then explains excitation-contraction coupling, where the action potential triggers the release of calcium ions, which allows for the linking of excitation and contraction. The process of muscle contraction is described through cross-bridge cycling and the sliding filament theory. Both isotonic and isometric muscle contractions are defined. Key events during muscle contraction and relaxation are outlined, including the roles of calcium ions and ATP.
Mechanism of muscle contraction
This document summarizes the structure and contraction mechanism of skeletal muscle. It describes the hierarchical structure of muscle from the whole muscle down to the contractile myofibrils. The myofibrils contain repeating units called sarcomeres, which are composed of actin and myosin filaments. Muscle contraction is triggered by a nerve impulse that causes calcium release and the sliding of actin and myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere. Contraction occurs as long as calcium is present; relaxation happens when calcium is pumped back into storage.
Histology of bone
Bone tissue is a specialized form of connective tissue composed of cells and a mineralized extracellular matrix. The matrix is made up of collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite crystals that give bone its rigidity. There are two types of bone tissue: compact bone which forms the dense outer layer, and spongy or cancellous bone which is found at the ends of long bones and has a spongy, mesh-like structure. Bones develop through two processes - intramembranous ossification which forms flat bones, and endochondral ossification where cartilage is replaced by bone to form most other bones including long bones.
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- Muscle is divided into three types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscle contractions are stimulated by nerves while cardiac and smooth muscles can contract independently.
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- Contraction is initiated by an action potential which causes calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Calcium binds to troponin and tropomyosin, exposing actin binding sites for myosin heads to attach via ATP hydrolysis, causing sarcomere shortening and
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Muscle cells are excitable cells that can transmit action potentials and convert chemical energy into mechanical movement. There are three main types of muscle: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary, and connects to bones. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart and has intercalated discs. Smooth muscle is non-striated and involuntary. Muscle contraction occurs via the sliding filament model, where myosin heads attach to actin and generate a power stroke, pulling the thin filaments toward the center. Contraction requires ATP hydrolysis to allow myosin to detach from actin and reattach further along. The length-tension relationship shows that muscle develops maximum tension at its optimal length.
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Actin and myosin are proteins that play important roles in muscle contraction. Actin exists as monomers called G-actin and polymers called F-actin that form microfilaments. Myosin has a head domain that binds to actin and uses ATP to generate force and move along actin filaments. During muscle contraction, myosin heads attach to actin, exert tension through a power stroke, causing actin filaments to slide and muscles to shorten. Precise interactions between actin and myosin are crucial for muscle function and movement.
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This document summarizes the structure and contraction mechanism of skeletal muscle. It describes the hierarchical structure of muscle from the whole muscle down to the contractile myofibrils. The myofibrils contain repeating units called sarcomeres, which are composed of actin and myosin filaments. Muscle contraction is triggered by a nerve impulse that causes calcium release and the sliding of actin and myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere. Contraction occurs as long as calcium is present; relaxation happens when calcium is pumped back into storage.
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- Muscle is divided into three types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscle contractions are stimulated by nerves while cardiac and smooth muscles can contract independently.
- Skeletal muscle fibers are long, cylindrical, and multinucleated. They contain bundled myofibrils which are made of repeating sarcomere units. Sarcomeres contain thin actin and thick myosin filaments that slide past each other during contraction.
- Contraction is initiated by an action potential which causes calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Calcium binds to troponin and tropomyosin, exposing actin binding sites for myosin heads to attach via ATP hydrolysis, causing sarcomere shortening and
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Muscle cells are excitable cells that can transmit action potentials and convert chemical energy into mechanical movement. There are three main types of muscle: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary, and connects to bones. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart and has intercalated discs. Smooth muscle is non-striated and involuntary. Muscle contraction occurs via the sliding filament model, where myosin heads attach to actin and generate a power stroke, pulling the thin filaments toward the center. Contraction requires ATP hydrolysis to allow myosin to detach from actin and reattach further along. The length-tension relationship shows that muscle develops maximum tension at its optimal length.
Actin & Myosin
Actin and myosin are proteins that play important roles in muscle contraction. Actin exists as monomers called G-actin and polymers called F-actin that form microfilaments. Myosin has a head domain that binds to actin and uses ATP to generate force and move along actin filaments. During muscle contraction, myosin heads attach to actin, exert tension through a power stroke, causing actin filaments to slide and muscles to shorten. Precise interactions between actin and myosin are crucial for muscle function and movement.
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Skeletal muscle forms about 50% of body weight, is voluntary and striated, and its main functions are tension development and shortening under nervous system control. Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers which contain myofibrils made up of repeating structural units called sarcomeres, the basic contractile units of muscle. Each sarcomere contains thin actin filaments and thick myosin filaments arranged in a repeating pattern that gives skeletal muscle its striated appearance visible under electron microscopy.
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Skeletal muscle forms about 50% of body weight, is voluntary and striated, and its main functions are tension development and shortening under nervous system control. Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers which contain myofibrils made up of repeating structural units called sarcomeres, the basic contractile units of muscle. Each sarcomere contains thin actin filaments and thick myosin filaments arranged in a repeating pattern that gives skeletal muscle its striated appearance visible under electron microscopy.
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Exercise Physiology:
Muscle structure and the mechanism of muscular contraction
(The sliding filament theory of muscular contraction)
Functions of the muscular system
1. Locomotion
2. Vasoconstriction and vasodilatation- constriction and
dilation of blood vessel Walls are the results of smooth muscle
contraction.
3. Peristalsis – wavelike motion along the digestive tract is
produced by the Smooth muscle.
4. Cardiac motion
5. Posture maintenance- contraction of skeletal muscles
maintains body posture and muscle tone.
6. Heat generation – about 75% of ATP energy used in
muscle contraction is released as heat. 1. Contracts for a longer time than skeletal muscle
because transverse tubules supply extra Ca+2 ions .
2. intercalated disc connects the ends of adjacent
muscles and hold cells together as a unit (syncytium) .
3. Fibers contracts as a unit .
4. Muscle fibers are self – exiting , rhythmic , and
remain refractory until a contraction is completed.
Muscle funccellularlevel animal systems
This document summarizes the functions of muscular tissue at the cellular level. It discusses the three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle - and their distinct locations, functions, appearances, and methods of control. For each type of muscle tissue, it provides details on structure, contraction mechanisms, and proteins involved. It also examines the sliding filament model of muscle contraction and how calcium regulates the exposure of actin binding sites to trigger muscle shortening.
General mechanism of muscle contraction
1. Muscle contraction occurs via a sliding filament mechanism where calcium ions released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum allow actin and myosin filaments to interact.
2. Myosin filaments contain cross-bridges that can attach to actin filaments and generate a pulling force via ATP hydrolysis.
3. Tropomyosin and troponin on the actin filaments regulate the exposure of actin's binding sites depending on calcium levels.
WEEK 7.pptx
The document outlines the key learning outcomes and functions of the muscular system. It discusses the properties of muscle tissue including contractility, excitability, extensibility, and elasticity. It describes the structure of skeletal muscle fibers and their sarcomeres, including the roles of actin, myosin, tropomyosin, and troponin. Calcium binding to troponin exposes actin binding sites, allowing cross-bridge formation between actin and myosin to cause muscle contraction.
Skeletal Muscle Physiology of Muscle Contraction _RDP
Skeletal muscle tissue is derived from mesoderm and contains long, cylindrical muscle cells that are multi-nucleated. Skeletal muscle allows for movement and generates heat in response to stimulation. When stimulated by a motor neuron, calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which allows the actin and myosin filaments to interact and cause muscle contraction. Contraction ends when calcium is reabsorbed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, separating the actin and myosin filaments and allowing muscle relaxation.
Organisation of sarcomere.pdfehdshtdhserth
The document discusses the structure and organization of muscle tissue. It describes the basic unit of muscle contraction, the sarcomere, which is composed of thin actin filaments and thick myosin filaments. It explains that sarcomeres are arranged in repeating patterns within myofibrils to give skeletal and cardiac muscles their striated appearance. Contraction occurs when myosin heads bind to actin and the filaments slide past each other. The sarcomere is regulated by troponin and tropomyosin on the actin filaments. The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and releases calcium ions to control contraction.
PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION
Muscle movement plays an important role in day to day life where the contraction and relaxation of muscle is significant. The current slide has been developed with the focus on different phases during muscle contraction and the physiological change involved on it.
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Contraction of muscles class 11 CBSE
- 1. By: Shivani K. Saxena Biology Faculty Khare.forensics@gmail.com 1SKH_CBSE11
- 5. Structure Of Skeletal Muscle • Muscle •Muscle Fascicle • Muscle Fiber • Myofibrils 5SKH_CBSE11
- 6. Skeletal Muscle Muscle Fiber 1. Sarcolemma 2. Sarcoplasm Actin 3. Myofibrils – contractile elements Myosin a. Actin Filament F- actin strands Tropomyosin Troponin b. Myosin Filament 6SKH_CBSE11
- 7. Structure of Skeletal Muscle: Microstructure Sarcolemma Muscle cell membrane Myofibrils Threadlike strands within muscle fibers Actin (thin filament) Troponin Tropomyosin Myosin (thick filament) – A polymer made up of monomer Meromyosin Further divisions of Myofibrils Z-line A-band I-band Sarcoplasm Sarcoplasmic reticulum Storage sites for calcium Surrounds myofibrils Transverse tubules
- 9. SKH_CBSE11 9
- 10. SKH_CBSE11 10
- 11. Mechanism of Muscle contraction 11SKH_CBSE11
- 12. Nerve impulse (Na – K pump action) travels to synaptic knob. Ruptured Ach. Vesicles and release of Ach. into synaptic cleft by exocytosis. Ach. Binds to receptor and stimulates it to generate a action potential. Electrical impulse stimulates Ca++ from sarcoplasmic reticulum . Actin and Myosin interaction (causing contraction). Actin and Myosin dissociation (causing relaxation). SKH_CBSE11 12
- 13. Actin and Myosin Interaction Calcium bind with troponin and activates myosin ATPase. As myosin ATPase become active. Tropomyosin slipped off, G-action exposed. ATPase react with ATP. ATP+ATPase ADP+ ~P (Muscle contraction takes place.) Ca++ 13SKH_CBSE11
- 14. Actin and Myosin dissociation After muscle contraction occurs when calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, away from the actin and myosin. When Calcium moves in this way, the actin and myosin cannot interact, and the muscle relaxes. 14SKH_CBSE11
- 17. CONTRACTION In Contraction I- band disappear H- band disappear M- band disappear Length of sarcomere decreases. 17SKH_CBSE11
- 19. Relaxation In Relaxation I- band reappear H- band reappear M- band reappear Length of sarcomere increases. SKH_CBSE11 19
- 21. Stages Of Muscle Contraction 21SKH_CBSE11
- 22. 8/3/2017 SKH 22