Mechanism of muscular contraction.pptx
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Exercise Physiology: Muscle structure and the mechanism of muscular contraction (The sliding filament theory of muscular contraction)
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anatomy and physiology the muscular system
three types: skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Muscle cells are called muscle fibers
Contraction depends on two kinds of Myofilaments
Actin
Myosin
Prefixes to know: myo, mys, or sarco – word relates to muscle
Each muscle is a discrete organ
Muscle Type Overview
Skeletal Muscle tissue
Skeletal
Striated
Voluntary
Cardiac Muscle tissue
Cardiac
Striated
Involuntary
Smooth Muscle tissue
Visceral
Non-striated
Involuntary
Muscle Functions
1. Producing movement
2. Maintaining posture
3. Stabilizing joints
4. Generating heat
Functional Characteristics of Muscles
Excitability (or Irritability) = ability to receive and respond to stimuli
Contractility = ability to shorten forcibly
Extensibility = ability to be stretched or extended beyond resting length
Elasticity = ability to resume resting length after stretchingMuscle (organ)
Fascicle (a portion of the muscle)
Muscle Fiber (a cell)
These levels are supracellular
Connective Tissue Layer
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
Anatomy of a Muscle
Typical ex. is a skeletal muscle
The following are all subcellular.
Myofibril = or fibril, complex organelle composed of bundles of
myofilaments
Myofilament = macromolecular structure of contractile proteins
Sarcomere = the smallest, single contracting unit of a myofibril, a segment
Gross Anatomy
Deep fascia = binds large groups of muscles into functional groups
Muscle = hundreds of fascicles bound together by epimysium
Fascicle = thousands of muscle fibers bound into discrete units by
perimysium
Muscle fiber = single muscle cell surrounded by endomysium
Generous blood and nerve supply
Microscopic Anatomy of a Muscle Fiber
Muscle Fiber = elongated, cylindrical, multinucleated muscle cell
Sarcolemma = plasma (cell) membrane of a muscle cell
Sarcoplasm = cytoplasm of muscle cell with large amounts of glycogen and
Chapter 10&11
There are three types of muscle tissue in the body: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary, attaching to bones and enabling movement. Cardiac muscle is striated, involuntary muscle found only in the heart. Smooth muscle is non-striated involuntary muscle found in organs and blood vessels that enables functions like digestion and blood flow.
Muscle tissues
This document provides an overview of muscle tissue histophysiology. It discusses the structural unit of muscle tissue as muscle fibers. It describes the organization of skeletal muscles into myofibrils, sarcomeres, and myofilaments. It explains the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction and how calcium targets activate myofilament sliding. It also discusses dystrophin's role in muscle fiber stability and protection from contraction damage. Smooth muscle tissue types and their roles in organs like the GI tract and blood vessels are outlined. The molecular organization of filaments and caveolae structures in smooth muscle are briefly touched on.
Muscular system
The document provides an overview of the muscular system including the three types of muscle tissues - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. It describes the microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle fibers and their sarcomere structure. The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction is explained, involving the interaction of the thick myosin and thin actin filaments through ATP hydrolysis. Contraction is triggered by an action potential causing calcium release and the binding of myosin heads to actin, pulling the Z-lines inward.
Chap11 Muscle Tissue
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the muscular system, describing the microscopic structure of skeletal muscle including muscle fibers, myofilaments, sarcomeres, and motor units. It explains how skeletal muscle cells are made up of bundles of myofibrils containing thick and thin filaments that overlap to allow contraction, and are innervated by motor neurons to allow voluntary movement. The different types of muscle tissue and their functions are also introduced.
Muscular system Physiology
There are three types of muscle tissue in the body - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary, and found attached to bones. It allows for movement. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart and is striated and involuntary. Smooth muscle is not striated, has one nucleus, and is found in organs like the GI tract and blood vessels. It allows for functions like digestion. Muscle contraction occurs via a sliding filament mechanism where actin and myosin filaments interact using ATP for energy.
Skeletal muscle must watch
This document provides an overview of skeletal muscle. It begins with an introduction to muscle tissue and its role in movement. It then discusses the classification, microscopic structure, physiology, and applied anatomy of skeletal muscle. Key points include that skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary, and attached to bones. Microscopically, it contains sarcomeres made up of actin and myosin filaments. Contraction occurs via the sliding filament model. Skeletal muscle has multiple functions and can be impacted by injuries, diseases, fatigue, and other disorders.
Muscle contraction and movement
This document summarizes muscle contraction and movement. It describes how muscles are made of bundles of muscle fibers called myofibrils containing contractile units called sarcomeres. Sarcomeres contain thick filaments of the protein myosin and thin filaments of actin. During muscle contraction, myosin heads attach to actin and the sliding of the filaments causes muscle shortening. Motor neurons stimulate contraction by releasing acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, activating calcium release and the contractile apparatus. Different grades of muscle injuries are described based on the severity of muscle fiber damage.
Recommended
anatomy and physiology the muscular system
three types: skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Muscle cells are called muscle fibers
Contraction depends on two kinds of Myofilaments
Actin
Myosin
Prefixes to know: myo, mys, or sarco – word relates to muscle
Each muscle is a discrete organ
Muscle Type Overview
Skeletal Muscle tissue
Skeletal
Striated
Voluntary
Cardiac Muscle tissue
Cardiac
Striated
Involuntary
Smooth Muscle tissue
Visceral
Non-striated
Involuntary
Muscle Functions
1. Producing movement
2. Maintaining posture
3. Stabilizing joints
4. Generating heat
Functional Characteristics of Muscles
Excitability (or Irritability) = ability to receive and respond to stimuli
Contractility = ability to shorten forcibly
Extensibility = ability to be stretched or extended beyond resting length
Elasticity = ability to resume resting length after stretchingMuscle (organ)
Fascicle (a portion of the muscle)
Muscle Fiber (a cell)
These levels are supracellular
Connective Tissue Layer
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
Anatomy of a Muscle
Typical ex. is a skeletal muscle
The following are all subcellular.
Myofibril = or fibril, complex organelle composed of bundles of
myofilaments
Myofilament = macromolecular structure of contractile proteins
Sarcomere = the smallest, single contracting unit of a myofibril, a segment
Gross Anatomy
Deep fascia = binds large groups of muscles into functional groups
Muscle = hundreds of fascicles bound together by epimysium
Fascicle = thousands of muscle fibers bound into discrete units by
perimysium
Muscle fiber = single muscle cell surrounded by endomysium
Generous blood and nerve supply
Microscopic Anatomy of a Muscle Fiber
Muscle Fiber = elongated, cylindrical, multinucleated muscle cell
Sarcolemma = plasma (cell) membrane of a muscle cell
Sarcoplasm = cytoplasm of muscle cell with large amounts of glycogen and
Chapter 10&11
There are three types of muscle tissue in the body: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary, attaching to bones and enabling movement. Cardiac muscle is striated, involuntary muscle found only in the heart. Smooth muscle is non-striated involuntary muscle found in organs and blood vessels that enables functions like digestion and blood flow.
Muscle tissues
This document provides an overview of muscle tissue histophysiology. It discusses the structural unit of muscle tissue as muscle fibers. It describes the organization of skeletal muscles into myofibrils, sarcomeres, and myofilaments. It explains the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction and how calcium targets activate myofilament sliding. It also discusses dystrophin's role in muscle fiber stability and protection from contraction damage. Smooth muscle tissue types and their roles in organs like the GI tract and blood vessels are outlined. The molecular organization of filaments and caveolae structures in smooth muscle are briefly touched on.
Muscular system
The document provides an overview of the muscular system including the three types of muscle tissues - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. It describes the microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle fibers and their sarcomere structure. The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction is explained, involving the interaction of the thick myosin and thin actin filaments through ATP hydrolysis. Contraction is triggered by an action potential causing calcium release and the binding of myosin heads to actin, pulling the Z-lines inward.
Chap11 Muscle Tissue
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the muscular system, describing the microscopic structure of skeletal muscle including muscle fibers, myofilaments, sarcomeres, and motor units. It explains how skeletal muscle cells are made up of bundles of myofibrils containing thick and thin filaments that overlap to allow contraction, and are innervated by motor neurons to allow voluntary movement. The different types of muscle tissue and their functions are also introduced.
Muscular system Physiology
There are three types of muscle tissue in the body - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary, and found attached to bones. It allows for movement. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart and is striated and involuntary. Smooth muscle is not striated, has one nucleus, and is found in organs like the GI tract and blood vessels. It allows for functions like digestion. Muscle contraction occurs via a sliding filament mechanism where actin and myosin filaments interact using ATP for energy.
Skeletal muscle must watch
This document provides an overview of skeletal muscle. It begins with an introduction to muscle tissue and its role in movement. It then discusses the classification, microscopic structure, physiology, and applied anatomy of skeletal muscle. Key points include that skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary, and attached to bones. Microscopically, it contains sarcomeres made up of actin and myosin filaments. Contraction occurs via the sliding filament model. Skeletal muscle has multiple functions and can be impacted by injuries, diseases, fatigue, and other disorders.
Muscle contraction and movement
This document summarizes muscle contraction and movement. It describes how muscles are made of bundles of muscle fibers called myofibrils containing contractile units called sarcomeres. Sarcomeres contain thick filaments of the protein myosin and thin filaments of actin. During muscle contraction, myosin heads attach to actin and the sliding of the filaments causes muscle shortening. Motor neurons stimulate contraction by releasing acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, activating calcium release and the contractile apparatus. Different grades of muscle injuries are described based on the severity of muscle fiber damage.
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This document summarizes the functions of muscular tissue at the cellular level. It discusses the three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle - and their distinct locations, functions, appearances, and methods of control. For each type of muscle tissue, it provides details on structure, contraction mechanisms, and proteins involved. It also examines the sliding filament model of muscle contraction and how calcium regulates the exposure of actin binding sites to trigger muscle shortening.
Skeletal muscle Physiology
Muscle cells are excitable cells that can transmit action potentials and convert chemical energy into mechanical movement. There are three main types of muscle: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary, and connects to bones. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart and has intercalated discs. Smooth muscle is non-striated and involuntary. Muscle contraction occurs via the sliding filament model, where myosin heads attach to actin and generate a power stroke, pulling the thin filaments toward the center. Contraction requires ATP hydrolysis to allow myosin to detach from actin and reattach further along. The length-tension relationship shows that muscle develops maximum tension at its optimal length.
Skeletal Muscle Physiology Basics
Skeletal muscle is composed of long cylindrical muscle fibers that contain contractile filaments called myofibrils. Myofibrils contain regularly arranged thick and thin filaments that allow for muscle contraction via the sliding filament mechanism. Thick filaments are composed of myosin and thin filaments are composed of actin. When calcium levels rise, myosin heads bind to actin and the power stroke causes thin filaments to slide inward, shortening the sarcomere and muscle fiber. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via T-tubules in response to neural stimulation.
Ch10 muscle tissue
This document provides an overview of muscle tissue and organization. It discusses the three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle - and their unique characteristics. Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary, allowing for movement. It accounts for the majority of muscle in the body. Smooth muscle is involuntary and found within organs and blood vessels. Cardiac muscle is striated and located only in the heart, where it provides rhythmic contractions. The document also covers muscle fiber structure, motor units, and the all-or-none principle of skeletal muscle contraction.
Muscle Tissue
Muscle tissue has four main characteristics - excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity - that allow it to perform important functions like movement, posture, and temperature regulation. There are three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, which is voluntarily controlled and enables movement; smooth muscle, which controls involuntary functions like digestion; and cardiac muscle, which pumps blood through the heart and circulatory system. Each muscle type has distinct cellular features related to their roles and methods of electrical and chemical stimulation to cause contraction.
Skeletal Muscle Tissue And Organization
1. Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue layers. Muscle fibers contain repeating contractile units called sarcomeres composed of actin and myosin filaments.
2. Skeletal muscles exhibit different arrangements of muscle fibers including parallel, convergent, and pennate fibers, which allow for variations in force generation.
3. Muscle fibers are innervated by motor neurons and receive blood supply through capillaries. Contraction occurs when actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, powered by ATP.
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The document discusses the muscular system and muscle contraction. It describes three types of muscle based on structure: striated (skeletal and cardiac), and non-striated (smooth). Skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled and attached to bones, cardiac muscle forms the heart, and smooth muscle is associated with visceral organs. Muscle contraction occurs when an action potential spreads into the muscle fiber and causes calcium release, exposing actin binding sites on troponin and initiating the sliding filament model of contraction where actin and myosin filaments slide past each other.
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The muscular system consists of three main types of muscle: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Muscles are composed of bundles of fibers called fascicles. Individual muscle fibers contain myofibrils which are made up of overlapping actin and myosin filaments. Contraction occurs via the sliding filament model where the thin actin filaments slide past the thick myosin filaments. Energy for muscle contraction comes from ATP generated through cellular respiration in the mitochondria.
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The document summarizes the key components and functions of the muscular system. It describes the three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle - and their distinct characteristics. Skeletal muscle is voluntary and attached to bones, controlling movement, posture, and respiration. Smooth muscle is involuntary and within organs and blood vessels, roles include peristalsis and vasoconstriction. Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart, its automatic contractions pump blood throughout the body. The document also outlines the cellular structure of muscles and the proteins involved in muscle contraction.
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This document summarizes the three types of muscle tissue - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. It describes the structure and function of skeletal muscle tissue in detail. Skeletal muscle tissue contains bundles of fibers that are made up of myofibrils containing overlapping thin and thick filaments. Contraction occurs via the sliding filament mechanism when myosin cross bridges on the thick filaments pull the thin filaments inward, causing the sarcomeres and overall muscle fiber to shorten. Key proteins involved include actin, myosin, titin, and regulatory proteins like troponin and tropomyosin.
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This document discusses the structure and function of different muscle types in the human body. It explains that skeletal muscles are attached to bones and allow for movement, while smooth and cardiac muscles are found deeper in the body and function to propel materials through tubes or pump blood, respectively. The document also describes the cellular structure of skeletal muscles and notes that they are composed of layers of muscle fibers, blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue sheaths.
Smoth muscle tissue
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This PPT covers the entire concepts in Muscular System. It includes details of 3 types of muscular tissue like Skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle. Concepts of contraction cycle, sliding filament mechanism, neuromuscular junction, muscle metabolism, muscle tone and Different types of contraction.
Muscle physiology ,types of muscles: striated ,non striated and cardiac. ultr...
Muscle physiology ,types of muscles: striated ,non striated and cardiac. ultra structure of stria ,mechanism of muscle contraction ,cori cycle and muscle relaxation. muscle fatigue ,oxygen debt ,rigor mortis, summmation, tetanus, tonus, treppe
Comparison of skeletal and smooth muscles (1)
This document compares smooth muscle contraction to skeletal muscle contraction. Some key points:
- Smooth muscle requires 1/300 the energy of skeletal muscle to sustain the same tension. It uses one ATP per contraction cycle.
- Smooth muscle contraction is prolonged, lasting 1-3 seconds, while skeletal muscle contracts and relaxes rapidly.
- Smooth muscle is able to maintain contraction, or "latch", with very little energy through prolonged cross-bridge attachment and reduced myosin phosphorylation rates.
- Calcium regulation of contraction is similar between muscle types but smooth muscle response is much slower.
Structure of skeletal muscle
Structure of skeletal muscleDr. Alamzeb Associate professor ,HOD Physiology Saidu Medical College saidu Sharif Swat Pakistan
Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers that contain filaments of actin and myosin. Contraction occurs through a sliding filament mechanism when calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in response to an action potential, causing the actin and myosin filaments to interact and shorten the muscle. The sarcoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in muscle contraction by storing and releasing calcium ions in response to electrical signals transmitted via the motor nerve.Structure and histology of different types of muscles
PPT includes structure and histology of different types of muscles i.e., smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscles.
Ana-physi 6.ppt
The document summarizes the structure and function of the muscular system. It describes the three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle - and their distinguishing characteristics. It also details the structure of skeletal muscle from the organ level down to the contractile proteins that enable muscle contraction in response to neural stimulation.
Muscular system
The muscular system provides motor power for all body movements through skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles. Skeletal muscles are voluntary striated muscles attached to bones by tendons that allow movement. Smooth muscles are involuntary and non-striated, found in organs. Cardiac muscle is exclusively in the heart. Each muscle fiber contains contractile myofilaments that slide past each other during contraction. Muscle contraction is stimulated by motor neurons at neuromuscular junctions. Contraction allows movement through pulling bones via tendons attached at muscle origins and insertions.
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Muscle cells are excitable cells that can transmit action potentials and convert chemical energy into mechanical movement. There are three main types of muscle: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary, and connects to bones. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart and has intercalated discs. Smooth muscle is non-striated and involuntary. Muscle contraction occurs via the sliding filament model, where myosin heads attach to actin and generate a power stroke, pulling the thin filaments toward the center. Contraction requires ATP hydrolysis to allow myosin to detach from actin and reattach further along. The length-tension relationship shows that muscle develops maximum tension at its optimal length.
Skeletal Muscle Physiology Basics
Skeletal muscle is composed of long cylindrical muscle fibers that contain contractile filaments called myofibrils. Myofibrils contain regularly arranged thick and thin filaments that allow for muscle contraction via the sliding filament mechanism. Thick filaments are composed of myosin and thin filaments are composed of actin. When calcium levels rise, myosin heads bind to actin and the power stroke causes thin filaments to slide inward, shortening the sarcomere and muscle fiber. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via T-tubules in response to neural stimulation.
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This document provides an overview of muscle tissue and organization. It discusses the three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle - and their unique characteristics. Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary, allowing for movement. It accounts for the majority of muscle in the body. Smooth muscle is involuntary and found within organs and blood vessels. Cardiac muscle is striated and located only in the heart, where it provides rhythmic contractions. The document also covers muscle fiber structure, motor units, and the all-or-none principle of skeletal muscle contraction.
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Muscle tissue has four main characteristics - excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity - that allow it to perform important functions like movement, posture, and temperature regulation. There are three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, which is voluntarily controlled and enables movement; smooth muscle, which controls involuntary functions like digestion; and cardiac muscle, which pumps blood through the heart and circulatory system. Each muscle type has distinct cellular features related to their roles and methods of electrical and chemical stimulation to cause contraction.
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1. Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue layers. Muscle fibers contain repeating contractile units called sarcomeres composed of actin and myosin filaments.
2. Skeletal muscles exhibit different arrangements of muscle fibers including parallel, convergent, and pennate fibers, which allow for variations in force generation.
3. Muscle fibers are innervated by motor neurons and receive blood supply through capillaries. Contraction occurs when actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, powered by ATP.
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The document discusses the muscular system and muscle contraction. It describes three types of muscle based on structure: striated (skeletal and cardiac), and non-striated (smooth). Skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled and attached to bones, cardiac muscle forms the heart, and smooth muscle is associated with visceral organs. Muscle contraction occurs when an action potential spreads into the muscle fiber and causes calcium release, exposing actin binding sites on troponin and initiating the sliding filament model of contraction where actin and myosin filaments slide past each other.
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The document summarizes the structure and function of the three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle. It describes the key components of skeletal muscle including muscle fibers, sarcomeres and myofilaments. The sliding filament model of muscle contraction is explained, whereby interaction between the thick and thin myofilaments causes sarcomeres to shorten and muscles to contract.
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The muscular system consists of three main types of muscle: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Muscles are composed of bundles of fibers called fascicles. Individual muscle fibers contain myofibrils which are made up of overlapping actin and myosin filaments. Contraction occurs via the sliding filament model where the thin actin filaments slide past the thick myosin filaments. Energy for muscle contraction comes from ATP generated through cellular respiration in the mitochondria.
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The document summarizes the key components and functions of the muscular system. It describes the three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle - and their distinct characteristics. Skeletal muscle is voluntary and attached to bones, controlling movement, posture, and respiration. Smooth muscle is involuntary and within organs and blood vessels, roles include peristalsis and vasoconstriction. Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart, its automatic contractions pump blood throughout the body. The document also outlines the cellular structure of muscles and the proteins involved in muscle contraction.
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This document summarizes the three types of muscle tissue - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. It describes the structure and function of skeletal muscle tissue in detail. Skeletal muscle tissue contains bundles of fibers that are made up of myofibrils containing overlapping thin and thick filaments. Contraction occurs via the sliding filament mechanism when myosin cross bridges on the thick filaments pull the thin filaments inward, causing the sarcomeres and overall muscle fiber to shorten. Key proteins involved include actin, myosin, titin, and regulatory proteins like troponin and tropomyosin.
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This document discusses the structure and function of different muscle types in the human body. It explains that skeletal muscles are attached to bones and allow for movement, while smooth and cardiac muscles are found deeper in the body and function to propel materials through tubes or pump blood, respectively. The document also describes the cellular structure of skeletal muscles and notes that they are composed of layers of muscle fibers, blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue sheaths.
Smoth muscle tissue
This document discusses smooth muscle tissue. It defines smooth muscle as non-striated muscle that lacks sarcomeres and is usually involuntary. There are two types of smooth muscle: single unit (visceral) muscle found in organs, and multiunit muscle like the ciliary muscle. Smooth muscle is composed of spindle-shaped cells with a central nucleus. Contraction is triggered by calcium ions causing actin and myosin filaments to slide past each other. Smooth muscle contraction is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, local tissue factors, hormones, and stretch.
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This PPT covers the entire concepts in Muscular System. It includes details of 3 types of muscular tissue like Skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle. Concepts of contraction cycle, sliding filament mechanism, neuromuscular junction, muscle metabolism, muscle tone and Different types of contraction.
Muscle physiology ,types of muscles: striated ,non striated and cardiac. ultr...
Muscle physiology ,types of muscles: striated ,non striated and cardiac. ultra structure of stria ,mechanism of muscle contraction ,cori cycle and muscle relaxation. muscle fatigue ,oxygen debt ,rigor mortis, summmation, tetanus, tonus, treppe
Comparison of skeletal and smooth muscles (1)
This document compares smooth muscle contraction to skeletal muscle contraction. Some key points:
- Smooth muscle requires 1/300 the energy of skeletal muscle to sustain the same tension. It uses one ATP per contraction cycle.
- Smooth muscle contraction is prolonged, lasting 1-3 seconds, while skeletal muscle contracts and relaxes rapidly.
- Smooth muscle is able to maintain contraction, or "latch", with very little energy through prolonged cross-bridge attachment and reduced myosin phosphorylation rates.
- Calcium regulation of contraction is similar between muscle types but smooth muscle response is much slower.
Structure of skeletal muscle
Structure of skeletal muscleDr. Alamzeb Associate professor ,HOD Physiology Saidu Medical College saidu Sharif Swat Pakistan
Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers that contain filaments of actin and myosin. Contraction occurs through a sliding filament mechanism when calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in response to an action potential, causing the actin and myosin filaments to interact and shorten the muscle. The sarcoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in muscle contraction by storing and releasing calcium ions in response to electrical signals transmitted via the motor nerve.Structure and histology of different types of muscles
PPT includes structure and histology of different types of muscles i.e., smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscles.
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Structure and histology of different types of muscles
Structure and histology of different types of muscles
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The muscular system is composed of specialized cells called muscle fibres. Their predominant function is contractibility. Muscles, attached to bones or internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movement. Nearly all movement in the body is the result of muscle contraction.
Muscle Tissue.pptx
Muscle tissue is composed of elongated cells called myocytes or muscle fibers. There are three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscle fibers are striated and multinucleated and produce fast, forceful contractions under voluntary control. Cardiac muscle also has striations but the fibers are branched and connected via intercalated discs, producing involuntary, rhythmic contractions. Smooth muscle lacks striations and has slow, involuntary contractions produced by individually contracting fusiform cells.
Muscle Introduction and molecular structure.ppt
muscles introduction including the structure of skeletal muscles which helps you understand the molecular contraction of muscles and the whole contraction mechanism of the muscles. I hope it will help you.
The Muscular System
The document summarizes the muscular system. There are three types of muscle tissue: cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary, attaching to bones to enable movement. It contracts through the sliding filament model, where actin and myosin filaments interact powered by ATP. Motor neurons stimulate muscle fibers at the neuromuscular junction, and calcium ions link electrical signals to contraction. Muscle utilizes creatine phosphate, glycogen, and cellular respiration to fuel contractions and overcome fatigue. Muscular diseases can result from genetic mutations affecting muscle proteins.
Physiology of the Muscular System
Muscle is one of the four primary tissue types of the body, and the body contains three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.
Muscular system.pptx
The muscular system contains three main types of muscles - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Skeletal muscle is striated and contains bundles of fibers surrounded by connective tissue layers. Muscle fibers contain myofibrils made up of repeating sarcomere units of actin and myosin filaments. Contraction occurs when a nerve impulse triggers calcium release and the myosin heads bind to actin, shortening the sarcomere. Regular exercise can increase muscle endurance through aerobic training or strength through anaerobic weight training.
Muscle contraction
Muscle fibers are single cylindrical cells composed of bundles of myofibrils, which contain actin and myosin filaments. There are three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated, under voluntary control, and has multiple peripheral nuclei. The functional unit of skeletal muscle is the sarcomere, containing actin, myosin, and regulatory proteins. Contraction occurs via the sliding filament model, in which calcium binding allows myosin to interact with and pull actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere.
General physiology lecture 3
This document summarizes key aspects of muscle physiology:
1. It describes the three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle - and their characteristic features such as number of nuclei and speed of contraction.
2. The structure and sliding filament mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction is explained. Key contractile proteins actin, myosin, and tropomyosin play a role in muscle shortening.
3. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is summarized, where an action potential triggers calcium release and cross-bridge cycling to cause muscle fiber contraction.
part 7 A1
This document summarizes the structure and function of the three main types of muscle tissues - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. It describes the sarcomere as the basic contractile unit of myofibrils composed of thin actin filaments and thick myosin filaments. Contraction occurs via the sliding filament mechanism when myosin cross-bridges attach to and pull on actin filaments, shortening the sarcomere. Key regulatory proteins troponin and tropomyosin prevent contraction in low-calcium conditions by blocking the actin-myosin interaction.
part 7a
This document summarizes the structure and function of the three main types of muscle tissues - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. It describes the sarcomere as the basic contractile unit of myofibrils composed of thin actin filaments and thick myosin filaments. Contraction occurs via the sliding filament mechanism when myosin cross-bridges attach to and pull on actin filaments, shortening the sarcomere. Key regulatory proteins troponin and tropomyosin prevent contraction in low-calcium conditions by blocking the actin-myosin interaction.
muscle7-smoothmuscle-180414110808.pptx
- Smooth muscle fibers are much smaller in diameter and length compared to skeletal muscle fibers. Smooth muscle lacks striations and is located within organs like the intestines and blood vessels.
- Smooth muscle contraction is initiated by an increase in intracellular calcium ions which can be triggered by nerve stimulation, hormones, stretch of the fiber, or chemical changes. Calcium then binds to calmodulin instead of troponin to drive contraction.
- Smooth muscle exhibits a slow cycling of myosin cross-bridges, requiring less energy for sustained contraction compared to skeletal muscle. Its contraction and relaxation is also slower than skeletal muscle.
Similar to Mechanism of muscular contraction.pptx (20)
Muscle physiology and muscles of facial expressions & mastication
Muscle physiology and muscles of facial expressions & mastication
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Mechanism of muscular contraction.pptx
- 1. Muscle structure and the mechanism of muscular contraction BY Mr. Prabhjot Singh Assistant Professor Department of Physical Education & Sports
- 2. What is Muscle A muscle is a collection of muscle tissues that contract together to generate force. A muscle is made up of fibers of muscle cells surrounded by protective tissue, which are bundled together with many more fibers, all of which are surrounded by a thick protective tissue. A muscle contracts and shortens in response to ATP, exerting force on the objects to which it is attached. Muscles are classified into several types, each of which affects a different part of the body.
- 3. Structure of Muscle A muscle is made up of several muscle tissues that are bundled together and surrounded by epimysium, a tough connective tissue that resembles cartilage. The epimysium protects fascicles, which are bundles of nerve cells that run in long fibers. The perimysium, which surrounds these fascicles, acts as a protective layer. This layer facilitates the flow of nerves and blood to the individual fibers. The endomysium, a protective layer, is then wrapped around each fiber. A muscle is organized in a basic pattern of bundled fibers separated by protective layers, as shown in the image below.
- 4. Sarcolemma Basement membrane and endomysial connective tissue surround the sarcolemma, which is the plasma membrane of the muscle cell. The layer of sarcolemma fuses with tendon fibers at one end of the muscle fiber, and these tendon fibers insert into the bone. As a result, the tendon connects each individual muscle fiber to the bone. Sarcoplasm The cytoplasm of a muscle fibre is known as sarcoplasm. It's a water solution that contains ATP and phosphagens, as well as enzymes, intermediates, and product molecules involved in a variety of metabolic reactions.
- 5. Myofibrils Myofibrils are protein filament bundles that contain the cardiomyocyte's contractile elements, or the machinery or motor that drives contraction and relaxation. There are two types of filaments in myofibrils: thin filaments and thick filaments. Thick filaments are made up of strands of the protein myosin coiled together, whereas thin filaments are made up of strands of the protein actin and a regulatory protein. Sarcomeres are functional units made up of thin and thick filaments that form partially overlapping layers.
- 6. Contt. The myofibril appears to have dark and light bands due to the way the myofilaments are arranged, giving the muscles a striated appearance. The dark bands are known as A bands, and they are made up of thick and thin filaments. The H-zone, which contains only thick filaments, and the M-line, which contains enzymes involved in energy metabolism, are located in the center of the A band. Between the A bands are the light bands, also known as I bands, which are regions with only thin filaments. The I bands are centred on the Z line, a disc made up of the protein –actin in that anchors the thin actin filaments and serves as a sarcomere subunit boundary.
- 7. The sliding filament theory of muscular contraction H.E.Huxley hypothesis (1969). The theory explains how muscles contract mechanically and chemically. During contraction, the actin filaments slide over the myosin filaments, not changing their length. This theory's mechanical, physiological, and biomechanical processes can be broken down into five stages. The following is a list of them: •Rest •Excitation-Coupling •Contraction •Recharging •Relaxation
- 9. Rest: At rest, most of the calcium required for muscle contraction is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, so very few myosin cross-bridges are bound to actin. In this state, the muscles are resting because no tension is accumulated in the muscles. In this state, the muscles are resting because no tension is accumulated in the muscles. Excitation-Coupling: Nerve impulses reach the neuromuscular junction and cause the release of a chemical called acetylcholine. Calcium (Ca +) is then released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This separates the troponin-tropomisin from actin. This means that myosin can attach to actin-a cross-bridge is formed.
- 11. Contraction: ATP is split (ADP + Pi) and energy is released. Myosin draws actin (ZLine / Zdiscs get closer to each other) and sarcomere shortens (for example, muscle shortens). Recharging: Myosin then separates from actin and breaks the cross-bridge while ATP recombines to the myosin head. The whole process repeats. Relaxation: When a nerve impulse is no longer present, calcium returns to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and actin returns to its resting position, causing the muscle to lengthen and relax.
- 12. Thank You