This document discusses continuous straight stairs. It provides three key points:
1) Continuous stairs have no landings or intermediate newel posts, consisting of a single flight from bottom to top. This makes them the most efficient and economical way to achieve the necessary rise.
2) Although simple in design and construction, they are not popular due to the amount of plan space they occupy. The flight acts as a simply supported slab spanning between landings.
3) The advantages of continuous straight stairs are that they are easy to ascend/descend, simple to build, and require no intermediate structure. The disadvantages are that they use up more linear space than other stair types and do not provide privacy between floors like
Portal frame construction by Rhythm MurgaiRhythm Murgai
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a space frame or space structure is a rigid, lightweight, truss-like structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space frames can be used to span large areas with few interior support
Portal frame construction by Rhythm MurgaiRhythm Murgai
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a space frame or space structure is a rigid, lightweight, truss-like structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space frames can be used to span large areas with few interior support
he space frame structure is a spatial dumpling connecting rod structure, which is a spatial high-order statically indeterminate structure system with good mechanical performance.
advantage:
Space structure, less steel consumption, economical;
Wide application range and strong adaptability;
The overall rigidity is large, the stability is good, the shock resistance is good, and the safety reserve is high
Flexible shape, convenient layout, beautiful and lightweight
Industrial production
website：https://www.cnxzlf.com
he space frame structure is a spatial dumpling connecting rod structure, which is a spatial high-order statically indeterminate structure system with good mechanical performance.
advantage:
Space structure, less steel consumption, economical;
Wide application range and strong adaptability;
The overall rigidity is large, the stability is good, the shock resistance is good, and the safety reserve is high
Flexible shape, convenient layout, beautiful and lightweight
Industrial production
website：https://www.cnxzlf.com
Basic Gyan On Staircase
Definition of staircase: a set of stairs and its surrounding walls leading from one level to another.
Functional Requirements: Circulation, Strength, Material, Safety, Ventilation all these aspects are important aspects of a functional staircase
Components: There are various architectural terms related to the staircase which should be learned at this stage to understand the topic better.
Headroom: The minimum clear height between the overhead soffit and the tread is called headroom.
Flight: The unbroken series of steps between the two landings is called the flight.
Landing: The leveled platform with no riser and tread on it placed between flights for resting during the use of stairs is called landing. The in-between landings are called mid landing.
Riser and Tread: Horizontal portion of step on which the foot is rested is called tread. The vertical portion of the step which gives height to the staircase is called riser.
Calculation Of riser and tread is an important and basic aspect for designing a staircase.
Standards for the staircase as per IS code helps in designing purpose with respect to users comfort and safety.
Nosing: The projection of the tread beyond riser increases the footrest area and aesthetics.
Scotia: Supports the projected area of the nosing to avoid breakages at the edges.
Waist Slab: Thickness of the slanted slab of the flight on which the steps are cast.
Line of Nosing: Imaginary line parallel to the nosing.
Stringers: Sloping members supporting the series of steps laterally are called stringers.
Pitch: Angle made by the line of nosing with the floor level is called the pitch.
Handrail: The rail fixed to the baluster to support the user while using the staircase is called handrail.
Balustrade: The series of vertical supports of the handrail running parallel to the steps is called Balustrade.
Newel Post: Vertical member placed at the starting and the end of the railing is called Newel post.
Types Of Staircase with respect to Shape, Geometrical appearance
1) Straight Staircase
2) Turning Staircase
a) Quarter Turn/L-shaped
b) Half Turn/U- Shaped
c) 3 Quarter Turn
d) Bifurcated
3) Continuous Staircase
a)Spiral
b)Circular
c)Helical
4) Winder Staircase
5) Curved Staircase
Design Parameters for staircase designing
1) Headroom Clearance
2) Construction Material
3) Protection against falling
4) Dimension of steps
Types of the staircase as per material
1) Wooden
2) Glass
3) Metal
4) Stone
5) Concrete
Note: The properties of the material are to be considered before choosing for placement as per site conditions and requirement of the project.
Thank You
Types of staircases-details-moc3 presentationArindam Roy
Types of staircases
details
methods of construction
Architectural presentation
assignment
Stairs are used to create a pedestrian route between different vertical levels by dividing the height between the levels into manageable steps. Very generally, the word 'stairs' refers to a staircase, whereas the word 'step' refers to the steps that make up the staircase.
The type of stairs suitable for different situations will depend on:
The supporting structure.
The amount and type of usage it is likely to receive.
The space available and its geometry.
The difference in height between the top and bottom.
Materials selection
Stairs may be:
Open tread or closed tread.
Provided with handrails on one or both sides, or in the middle on wide stairs.
Enclosed by walls or open on one or both side.
Different widths and lengths and may have a range of step dimensions.
Different geometries.
Staircase used in Indian Buildings _____
South Asia Human Rights Documentation Centre (SAHRDC),New Delhi
Hotel Taj,Mumbai
Mahabat Maqbara ,Junagarh
Indian Institute of Management,Ahmedabad
Om dayal college of architecture
Hyperloop: Design, Analysis & Optimization of ChassisSaiifi Haider
This presentation aims to understand the design, analysis and optimization of the Hyperloop chassis structure , which I gained during the Hyperloop Pod Building Competition organized by SpaceX. To reduce the aerodynamic drag, Hyperloop uses a partially evacuated tube, for running the pod. The design of the structure of hyperloop pod chassis is very critical due its high speed, vibrations induced due to it and critical dynamic conditions. Also, in today's world of mass production, we cannot keep the factor of safety unnecessarily greater than needed. Also, while maintaining the safety we also must consider the material costing. it is very necessary to analyses for stresses and accordingly to optimize it. Hyperloop is a proposed mode of passenger and freight transportation that propels a capsule-like vehicle through a near-vacuum tube at more than airline speed. The pods would accelerate using a linear electric motor and glide above their track using passive magnetic levitation or air bearings. Hyperloop consists of a low-pressure tube with capsules that are transported at both low and high speeds throughout the length of the tube. The capsules are supported on a cushion of air, featuring pressurized air and aerodynamic lift. Passengers may enter and exit Hyperloop at stations located either at the ends of the tube, or branches along the tube length. It quickly becomes apparent just how dramatically the Hyperloop could change transportation, road congestion and minimize the carbon footprint globally. With the Hyperloop, extremely fast, inexpensive intercity travel would be widely accessible.
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2. • Continuous stairs are those
which do neither have any
landings nor any intermediate
newel post.
• The stairs only have one single
flight.
• This is almost always the most
efficient and economical way
to achieve the necessary rise.
3. • Although simple in design and construction, is not popular
because of the plan space it occupies
• The flight behaves as simply supported slab, spanning from
landing to landing.
• The effective span/total horizontal going is usually taken as
landing edge to edge by providing a down stand edge beam to
each landing.
• If these edge beams are not provided, the effective span would be
taken as overall of the landings, resulting in a considerably
increased bending moment and hence more reinforcement.
5. ADVANTAGES
• Straight stairs tend to be the easiest to go up and down or
ascend/descend as we say in the industry.
• They are typically the easiest to build.
• Straight stairs only need to be connected at the top and the bottom, no
intermediate supporting structure is required.
• By selecting transparent materials, straight stairs can be made more
transparent than other types of stairs allowing less obstruction to the
view beyond.
• No landing is required if the number of risers are kept under 12.
6. DISADVANTAGES
• Straight stairs use up a fair amount of linear space which has to
be planned for in your design.
• Some of the other stair types create a privacy barrier between
the floors of your home. Straight stairs do not offer this
privacy.
• A stair after 12 risers requires a landing to break up the span.
The addition of a landing will use up allot more space.
