Continental drift and plate tectonics
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The document discusses Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift from 1912 and plate tectonic theory. Continental drift proposed that continents moved and were once joined, explaining geological matches between distant coastlines. However, it did not explain how or why continents moved. Plate tectonic theory improved on this by proposing that the lithosphere is divided into plates which float on the asthenosphere, allowing continents to move by explaining how they drift due to the movement of tectonic plates.
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Pangea
The document discusses Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift from 1912. It explains that Wegener noticed that fossils found in South America were identical to those found in Africa and proposed that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangea. The theory described the continents gradually drifting apart over millions of years due to plate tectonics.
Theory+of+continental+drift
This document summarizes Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift, which proposed that the continents were once joined together and have since drifted apart. Wegener noticed that the continents seemed to fit together like puzzle pieces. He gathered evidence from matching landforms, identical fossil distributions, and past climate patterns on separated continents to support his hypothesis of continental movement. While his theory was initially rejected due to lacking an explanation for the driving mechanism of drift, Wegener's extensive evidence helped revive consideration of plate tectonics and continental drift.
Continental drift
This document discusses the theory of continental drift, including its origins and evidence that supports it. [1] Abraham Ortelius first hypothesized in 1596 that continents drift due to earthquakes and floods. [2] Alfred Wegener formally proposed the theory of continental drift in 1915, suggesting continents were once joined together before breaking apart and drifting to their present locations. [3] Fossil, rock, and glacial evidence from different continents provides support, such as similar plant and animal fossils in South America, Africa, and Antarctica.
Continental Drift Theory Template
The document discusses the continental drift theory proposed by Alfred Wegener in the early 1900s. It provides evidence that Wegener used to support his theory, including matching landforms between continents, identical fossil finds in separated continents, and plant fossils found in unexpected locations. It also discusses Harry Hess and his theory of sea floor spreading, which helped explain continental drift. Hess proposed that new material is added at mid-ocean ridges, evidenced by older rocks found farther from ridges.
Evidence... notes
1. Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in 1912, suggesting that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea and have since moved to their current locations.
2. Evidence such as matching rock formations and fossil distributions across continents supports continental drift. Fossils of the same plants and animals have been found on separated continents.
3. The theory of plate tectonics emerged in the 1950s with the discovery of seafloor spreading at ocean ridges, where new crust is formed and plates move apart, providing a mechanism for continental drift.
Continental drift theory
The Continental Drift theory proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912 suggested that the continents were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangaea. Wegener did not have proof of his theory at the time, but later evidence from matching fossil distributions, identical rock formations between continents, and the same mountain ranges provided support. This included fossils of Glossopteris found across regions of the former supercontinent Gondwanaland. Although controversial when first introduced, the development of the theory of plate tectonics provided the mechanism of plate movement driven by convection currents to explain how the continents could drift apart.
Continental Drift Theory and Plate Tectonic
I am a student of SUST and my subject is "Geography & Environment". Topic of this presentation is " Continental Drift Theory and Plate Tectonic ".
Continental Drift Theory-Abhinav gupta
The document discusses evidence that supports the theory of continental drift and the existence in the past of the supercontinent Pangaea. It provides examples of matching geological formations and fossil records found across continents now separated by oceans, including similar coal deposits in Antarctica, North America and the UK from the Carboniferous period; glacial striations matching between Brazil and West Africa; and the reptile Mesosaurus fossilized in sediments in South America and South Africa dated to around 280 million years ago. It also describes how Jack Oliver's 1968 research paper provided further evidence that finally convinced the scientific community to accept continental drift.
Recommended
Pangea
The document discusses Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift from 1912. It explains that Wegener noticed that fossils found in South America were identical to those found in Africa and proposed that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangea. The theory described the continents gradually drifting apart over millions of years due to plate tectonics.
Theory+of+continental+drift
This document summarizes Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift, which proposed that the continents were once joined together and have since drifted apart. Wegener noticed that the continents seemed to fit together like puzzle pieces. He gathered evidence from matching landforms, identical fossil distributions, and past climate patterns on separated continents to support his hypothesis of continental movement. While his theory was initially rejected due to lacking an explanation for the driving mechanism of drift, Wegener's extensive evidence helped revive consideration of plate tectonics and continental drift.
Continental drift
This document discusses the theory of continental drift, including its origins and evidence that supports it. [1] Abraham Ortelius first hypothesized in 1596 that continents drift due to earthquakes and floods. [2] Alfred Wegener formally proposed the theory of continental drift in 1915, suggesting continents were once joined together before breaking apart and drifting to their present locations. [3] Fossil, rock, and glacial evidence from different continents provides support, such as similar plant and animal fossils in South America, Africa, and Antarctica.
Continental Drift Theory Template
The document discusses the continental drift theory proposed by Alfred Wegener in the early 1900s. It provides evidence that Wegener used to support his theory, including matching landforms between continents, identical fossil finds in separated continents, and plant fossils found in unexpected locations. It also discusses Harry Hess and his theory of sea floor spreading, which helped explain continental drift. Hess proposed that new material is added at mid-ocean ridges, evidenced by older rocks found farther from ridges.
Evidence... notes
1. Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in 1912, suggesting that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea and have since moved to their current locations.
2. Evidence such as matching rock formations and fossil distributions across continents supports continental drift. Fossils of the same plants and animals have been found on separated continents.
3. The theory of plate tectonics emerged in the 1950s with the discovery of seafloor spreading at ocean ridges, where new crust is formed and plates move apart, providing a mechanism for continental drift.
Continental drift theory
The Continental Drift theory proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912 suggested that the continents were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangaea. Wegener did not have proof of his theory at the time, but later evidence from matching fossil distributions, identical rock formations between continents, and the same mountain ranges provided support. This included fossils of Glossopteris found across regions of the former supercontinent Gondwanaland. Although controversial when first introduced, the development of the theory of plate tectonics provided the mechanism of plate movement driven by convection currents to explain how the continents could drift apart.
Continental Drift Theory and Plate Tectonic
I am a student of SUST and my subject is "Geography & Environment". Topic of this presentation is " Continental Drift Theory and Plate Tectonic ".
Continental Drift Theory-Abhinav gupta
The document discusses evidence that supports the theory of continental drift and the existence in the past of the supercontinent Pangaea. It provides examples of matching geological formations and fossil records found across continents now separated by oceans, including similar coal deposits in Antarctica, North America and the UK from the Carboniferous period; glacial striations matching between Brazil and West Africa; and the reptile Mesosaurus fossilized in sediments in South America and South Africa dated to around 280 million years ago. It also describes how Jack Oliver's 1968 research paper provided further evidence that finally convinced the scientific community to accept continental drift.
Continental drift - A2 Geography
Continental drift is the slow movement of continents across the Earth's surface over geological time due to tectonic plate motions. Evidence for continental drift includes: the matching continental outlines of separated continents; matching fossil, rock, and glacial deposits between continents; and paleomagnetic data showing continents have moved over time. The theory of continental drift was proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1915 but was not widely accepted until the 1960s when seafloor spreading and plate tectonics were discovered, providing a mechanism to explain continental drift.
Continental Drift Theory
Alfred Wegener first proposed the continental drift theory in 1910, which hypothesized that the continents were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangaea. Wegener provided three lines of evidence to support this theory: geological formations of continents matched together, matching plant and animal fossils found on different continents, and evidence that glaciers had extended farther than current climates would allow indicating continents had moved. While initially rejected, Wegener's theory helped establish the modern theory of plate tectonics.
2.1 continental drift
This document discusses plate tectonics and provides evidence for the theory of continental drift. It identifies the four key pieces of evidence: 1) Continental puzzles - shorelines of continents fit together; 2) Fossil evidence - matching fossils found on separated continents; 3) Geologic evidence - matching rock types and mountain chains found on separated continents; 4) Climatic evidence - glacial debris and plant/animal fossils found in climates unsuitable for their growth/survival, indicating continents have moved over time. Students are assigned an activity to create a propaganda poster justifying continental drift theory using these four pieces of evidence.
Continental drift theory (1)
Alfred Wegener first proposed his theory of continental drift in 1910. He noticed that the continents seemed to fit together like puzzle pieces. Wegener also presented three lines of evidence to support his theory: landforms on different continents matched up, matching plant and animal fossils were found on separated continents, and patterns of past climates did not match the continents' current positions. However, Wegener's theory was initially rejected because he could not explain how or why the continents would move. Wegener believed that evidence from all earth sciences was needed to understand the planet's past configurations and that new discoveries could alter conclusions.
Continental drift theory
Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in 1910, suggesting that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. Wegener provided three lines of evidence to support his theory: the matching shapes of continental coastlines, matching fossil distributions across continents, and evidence that past climates did not match current continental positions. While his theory was initially rejected due to the lack of a mechanism, it was later supported by the discovery of seafloor spreading in the 1960s, which provided a process to explain how and why continents move over Earth's surface.
Continental drift theory
The Continental Drift Theory proposes that the continents were once joined together and have since drifted apart. Key evidence for this theory includes:
1) The coastlines of continents on opposite sides of oceans, such as Africa and South America, appear to fit together like puzzle pieces.
2) Certain fossil species, such as Cynognathus, have been found in rock formations on separated continents, indicating the continents were once joined.
3) Mountain ranges and rock formations with the same structure and composition are found on separated continents today.
Continental Drift Theory
Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in the early 20th century. He noticed that the continents appeared to fit together and were once attached in a supercontinent called Pangaea. Wegener provided evidence from matching coastlines, fossil and rock formations, and paleoclimatic data to support his theory. However, he was unable to explain the mechanism of continental drift. Most geologists at the time rejected his theory due to the lack of a clear explanation for how and why the continents would move. It was not until the 1950s when the theory of plate tectonics was developed that Wegener's concept of continental drift became widely accepted.
Continental drift
Continental drift is the slow movement of continents across the Earth's surface due to tectonic plate motions. Evidence for continental drift includes: the matching coastlines of separated continents; matching fossil, rock, and glacial deposits in separated areas; and paleomagnetic data showing continents were once joined. Alfred Wegener first proposed the continental drift theory in 1915, though it was not widely accepted until the 1960s when seafloor spreading was discovered, providing evidence of plate tectonics and explaining the driving force behind continental drift.
CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY PPT
Continental drift is the hypothesis that the Earth's continents have moved over geologic time relative to each other, thus appearing to have "drifted" across the ocean bed.
Wegener argued that there was once a super continent (which he named Pangea -meaning ''all land ) which split up over millions of year and gradually drifted over to their current place on earth at a rate of a few centimeter year.
Continental drift theory and plate techtonics
Paleogeography studies the geography of the past by mapping the positions of continents and distribution of land and seas over geological time. The positions of past continents can be determined using data like paleomagnetism, magnetic anomalies, paleobiogeography, paleoclimatology, and geological history. Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in 1915 to explain geological evidence that continents have moved over time, such as matching fossil and rock formations found across separated continents. Plate tectonics later expanded on this theory by proposing that Earth's lithosphere is composed of plates that move over Earth's asthenosphere, causing geological activity along plate boundaries.
Continental Drift Presentation1
This document discusses Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift and plate tectonics. It provides evidence that supports the idea that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea, including how the continents fit together, matching fossil and rock formations, and evidence of sea floor spreading from ocean research. Understanding plate tectonics allows geologists to explain landforms, find resources, and predict natural hazards.
Continental drift
This document discusses continental drift and the evidence that supports it. It explains that tectonic plates move around on top of the asthenosphere in different shapes and sizes. The hypothesis of continental drift proposed by Wegener in the early 1900s was that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before breaking apart and drifting to their current locations. Key evidence that supported this idea included matching fossil records, complementary coastline shapes, and patterns of magnetic reversals in ocean crust that indicate sea floor spreading.
Plate tectonic theory evidence
This powerpoint goes into the 10 main pieces of evidence for plate tectonic theory. There is a timeline and details of each individual piece of evidence for plate tectonics. There is the date of each piece of evidence shown and then there is the name(s) of the scientists who founded them (if applicable).
Continental drift and tectonic theory
Wegener observed that the continents appeared to fit together like puzzle pieces. He developed the theory of continental drift, which proposed that the continents slowly moved across Earth's surface over long periods of time. Wegener provided evidence from fossils, climate, earthquake locations, ocean ridges, and mountain ranges to support his theory. Later, the theory of plate tectonics was developed, explaining that continental drift occurs because Earth's crust is divided into plates that can move.
Continental drift theory and seafloor spreading
The document discusses continental drift theory and seafloor spreading. Continental drift theory states that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before drifting apart. Evidence for this includes matching fossil and rock formations, as well as coal deposits. Seafloor spreading theory developed by Harry Hess and Robert Dietz proposes that new ocean crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges as the continents separate. Evidence includes the age of ocean rocks decreasing with distance from ridges and magnetic reversals in ocean crust.
Continental drift
Alfred Wegener first developed the theory of continental drift, proposing that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. Pangaea existed approximately 300 million years ago but began breaking apart after 100 million years. Wegener's ideas were initially rejected by the scientific community but are now widely accepted. Evidence for continental drift includes the apparent fit of coastlines, matching fossil records, identical rock and mountain structures found across oceans, and paleoclimate data that suggests regions were in different climates when the continents were joined.
Continental Drift Plate Tectonics
Continental drift theory proposed that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. Wegener provided evidence like matching fossil and rock formations across continents, but his theory was rejected due to lacking an explanation for how the continents moved. Later studies of the seafloor using sonar revealed mid-ocean ridges where new crust was formed, explaining continental drift through the process of seafloor spreading and plate tectonics. Earthquake data showed seismic activity occurs at plate boundaries, confirming the Earth's surface is composed of shifting tectonic plates.
CONTINENTAL DRIFT HYPOTHESIS
This document discusses evidence that supports continental drift and plate tectonics theories. It describes how the Earth's crust is divided into plates that move over time, occasionally colliding or splitting apart. Fossil, rock formation, and climate data from separated continents provided early evidence that landmasses have drifted over hundreds of millions of years. Studies of the ocean floor revealed patterns of magnetic polarity reversals and symmetrical magnetic strips that supported the hypothesis of sea floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges, with new crust forming and pushing older crust farther outward over time. Together this evidence established plate tectonics as the mechanism explaining continental movement and geological phenomena like earthquakes and volcanoes.
Harry hess presentation 2
1) In the 1960s, Harry Hess proposed the theory of seafloor spreading to explain continental drift, suggesting that new crust is formed at oceanic ridges and pushes plates apart.
2) As a Navy submarine commander, Hess used sonar to map features on the ocean floor, discovering evidence of seafloor spreading and helping develop his theory.
3) Plate tectonics divided the Earth's outer layer into major and minor tectonic plates that move at boundaries due to convection in the mantle, gravity, and the planet's rotation.
Continental Drift Theory by Rajkumar
1. CONTINENTAL DRIFT
“Father” of this theory is Alfred Wegener.
2. The Theory of Continental Drift
Proposed by Alfred Wegener (1912):-
A large super-continent PANGEA split into smaller fragments about 200-300 million years ago. These then drifted apart to form the present arrangement of continents.
Most geologists were highly skeptical and the idea was NOT widely accepted.
3. This is what Wegener thought Pangea looked like 200-300 million years ago.
4. EVIDENCE OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT
Wegener provided four main pieces of evidence to support his theory that the continents had been drifting over time.
5. 1. JIGSAW PUZZLE
Wegener noticed that if we could move present day continents around, several continents look like they would fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.
6. 2. FOSSILS
Wegener also found fossils of the same plants and animals on different continents now separated by vast oceans. They could only be found this way if the continents had once been joined together.
7. 3. ROCK SEQUENCE
Wegener also found that mountain ranges have a similar sequence of type of rock and age on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, suggesting they were once part of the same mountain range.
8. 4. GLACIAL SCARS
Wegener found evidence of glacial scars left behind by giant ice sheets from the same time period in Southern Africa, India, Australia and South America.
The white areas were covered by ice and tundra about 300 million years ago (arrows show the direction of ice movement).
the continents were once part of a single larger continent that then split apart, drifting to their present positions over the last 300 million years.
9. WHAT COULD MOVE THE CONTINENTS?
Unfortunately for Wegener, he could not explain what force was powerful enough to move entire continents around the planet.
For reasons was he can't explain
Alfred Wegener died on expedition in Greenland in 1930 still searching for answers to the question of what force could be responsible for the movement of the continents.
10. Reason for Support Continental Drift?
Fit of continents
Apparent discrepancy in inferred latitudes of ancient rocks
Rocks of same age and similar characteristics on different continents
Distribution of similar plants and animals on different continents
11. WEGENERS CONCLUSIONS:
The continents have drifted over the past 300 million
years to their present positions!
(not a very popular idea at the time!!!)
Erez
This document discusses the three main types of rocks - sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous - and their everyday uses. Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediment layers and are used for things like building materials. Metamorphic rocks are formed by extreme heat and pressure and have various everyday applications. Igneous rocks form when magma cools and can be found above or below the surface, and they also have uses in everyday items and construction.
Continental Drift And Plate Tectonics Andie
1) Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in the early 20th century, suggesting that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before drifting apart.
2) Wegener provided geological, fossil, and climate evidence to support his theory, but his ideas were rejected by many scientists because he could not explain the force driving the continental movement.
3) In the 1960s, the theory of plate tectonics was developed, explaining that convection currents in the mantle cause the plates to move and providing the mechanism that Wegener could not.
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Continental drift - A2 Geography
Continental drift is the slow movement of continents across the Earth's surface over geological time due to tectonic plate motions. Evidence for continental drift includes: the matching continental outlines of separated continents; matching fossil, rock, and glacial deposits between continents; and paleomagnetic data showing continents have moved over time. The theory of continental drift was proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1915 but was not widely accepted until the 1960s when seafloor spreading and plate tectonics were discovered, providing a mechanism to explain continental drift.
Continental Drift Theory
Alfred Wegener first proposed the continental drift theory in 1910, which hypothesized that the continents were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangaea. Wegener provided three lines of evidence to support this theory: geological formations of continents matched together, matching plant and animal fossils found on different continents, and evidence that glaciers had extended farther than current climates would allow indicating continents had moved. While initially rejected, Wegener's theory helped establish the modern theory of plate tectonics.
2.1 continental drift
This document discusses plate tectonics and provides evidence for the theory of continental drift. It identifies the four key pieces of evidence: 1) Continental puzzles - shorelines of continents fit together; 2) Fossil evidence - matching fossils found on separated continents; 3) Geologic evidence - matching rock types and mountain chains found on separated continents; 4) Climatic evidence - glacial debris and plant/animal fossils found in climates unsuitable for their growth/survival, indicating continents have moved over time. Students are assigned an activity to create a propaganda poster justifying continental drift theory using these four pieces of evidence.
Continental drift theory (1)
Alfred Wegener first proposed his theory of continental drift in 1910. He noticed that the continents seemed to fit together like puzzle pieces. Wegener also presented three lines of evidence to support his theory: landforms on different continents matched up, matching plant and animal fossils were found on separated continents, and patterns of past climates did not match the continents' current positions. However, Wegener's theory was initially rejected because he could not explain how or why the continents would move. Wegener believed that evidence from all earth sciences was needed to understand the planet's past configurations and that new discoveries could alter conclusions.
Continental drift theory
Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in 1910, suggesting that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. Wegener provided three lines of evidence to support his theory: the matching shapes of continental coastlines, matching fossil distributions across continents, and evidence that past climates did not match current continental positions. While his theory was initially rejected due to the lack of a mechanism, it was later supported by the discovery of seafloor spreading in the 1960s, which provided a process to explain how and why continents move over Earth's surface.
Continental drift theory
The Continental Drift Theory proposes that the continents were once joined together and have since drifted apart. Key evidence for this theory includes:
1) The coastlines of continents on opposite sides of oceans, such as Africa and South America, appear to fit together like puzzle pieces.
2) Certain fossil species, such as Cynognathus, have been found in rock formations on separated continents, indicating the continents were once joined.
3) Mountain ranges and rock formations with the same structure and composition are found on separated continents today.
Continental Drift Theory
Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in the early 20th century. He noticed that the continents appeared to fit together and were once attached in a supercontinent called Pangaea. Wegener provided evidence from matching coastlines, fossil and rock formations, and paleoclimatic data to support his theory. However, he was unable to explain the mechanism of continental drift. Most geologists at the time rejected his theory due to the lack of a clear explanation for how and why the continents would move. It was not until the 1950s when the theory of plate tectonics was developed that Wegener's concept of continental drift became widely accepted.
Continental drift
Continental drift is the slow movement of continents across the Earth's surface due to tectonic plate motions. Evidence for continental drift includes: the matching coastlines of separated continents; matching fossil, rock, and glacial deposits in separated areas; and paleomagnetic data showing continents were once joined. Alfred Wegener first proposed the continental drift theory in 1915, though it was not widely accepted until the 1960s when seafloor spreading was discovered, providing evidence of plate tectonics and explaining the driving force behind continental drift.
CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY PPT
Continental drift is the hypothesis that the Earth's continents have moved over geologic time relative to each other, thus appearing to have "drifted" across the ocean bed.
Wegener argued that there was once a super continent (which he named Pangea -meaning ''all land ) which split up over millions of year and gradually drifted over to their current place on earth at a rate of a few centimeter year.
Continental drift theory and plate techtonics
Paleogeography studies the geography of the past by mapping the positions of continents and distribution of land and seas over geological time. The positions of past continents can be determined using data like paleomagnetism, magnetic anomalies, paleobiogeography, paleoclimatology, and geological history. Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in 1915 to explain geological evidence that continents have moved over time, such as matching fossil and rock formations found across separated continents. Plate tectonics later expanded on this theory by proposing that Earth's lithosphere is composed of plates that move over Earth's asthenosphere, causing geological activity along plate boundaries.
Continental Drift Presentation1
This document discusses Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift and plate tectonics. It provides evidence that supports the idea that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea, including how the continents fit together, matching fossil and rock formations, and evidence of sea floor spreading from ocean research. Understanding plate tectonics allows geologists to explain landforms, find resources, and predict natural hazards.
Continental drift
This document discusses continental drift and the evidence that supports it. It explains that tectonic plates move around on top of the asthenosphere in different shapes and sizes. The hypothesis of continental drift proposed by Wegener in the early 1900s was that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before breaking apart and drifting to their current locations. Key evidence that supported this idea included matching fossil records, complementary coastline shapes, and patterns of magnetic reversals in ocean crust that indicate sea floor spreading.
Plate tectonic theory evidence
This powerpoint goes into the 10 main pieces of evidence for plate tectonic theory. There is a timeline and details of each individual piece of evidence for plate tectonics. There is the date of each piece of evidence shown and then there is the name(s) of the scientists who founded them (if applicable).
Continental drift and tectonic theory
Wegener observed that the continents appeared to fit together like puzzle pieces. He developed the theory of continental drift, which proposed that the continents slowly moved across Earth's surface over long periods of time. Wegener provided evidence from fossils, climate, earthquake locations, ocean ridges, and mountain ranges to support his theory. Later, the theory of plate tectonics was developed, explaining that continental drift occurs because Earth's crust is divided into plates that can move.
Continental drift theory and seafloor spreading
The document discusses continental drift theory and seafloor spreading. Continental drift theory states that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before drifting apart. Evidence for this includes matching fossil and rock formations, as well as coal deposits. Seafloor spreading theory developed by Harry Hess and Robert Dietz proposes that new ocean crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges as the continents separate. Evidence includes the age of ocean rocks decreasing with distance from ridges and magnetic reversals in ocean crust.
Continental drift
Alfred Wegener first developed the theory of continental drift, proposing that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. Pangaea existed approximately 300 million years ago but began breaking apart after 100 million years. Wegener's ideas were initially rejected by the scientific community but are now widely accepted. Evidence for continental drift includes the apparent fit of coastlines, matching fossil records, identical rock and mountain structures found across oceans, and paleoclimate data that suggests regions were in different climates when the continents were joined.
Continental Drift Plate Tectonics
Continental drift theory proposed that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. Wegener provided evidence like matching fossil and rock formations across continents, but his theory was rejected due to lacking an explanation for how the continents moved. Later studies of the seafloor using sonar revealed mid-ocean ridges where new crust was formed, explaining continental drift through the process of seafloor spreading and plate tectonics. Earthquake data showed seismic activity occurs at plate boundaries, confirming the Earth's surface is composed of shifting tectonic plates.
CONTINENTAL DRIFT HYPOTHESIS
This document discusses evidence that supports continental drift and plate tectonics theories. It describes how the Earth's crust is divided into plates that move over time, occasionally colliding or splitting apart. Fossil, rock formation, and climate data from separated continents provided early evidence that landmasses have drifted over hundreds of millions of years. Studies of the ocean floor revealed patterns of magnetic polarity reversals and symmetrical magnetic strips that supported the hypothesis of sea floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges, with new crust forming and pushing older crust farther outward over time. Together this evidence established plate tectonics as the mechanism explaining continental movement and geological phenomena like earthquakes and volcanoes.
Harry hess presentation 2
1) In the 1960s, Harry Hess proposed the theory of seafloor spreading to explain continental drift, suggesting that new crust is formed at oceanic ridges and pushes plates apart.
2) As a Navy submarine commander, Hess used sonar to map features on the ocean floor, discovering evidence of seafloor spreading and helping develop his theory.
3) Plate tectonics divided the Earth's outer layer into major and minor tectonic plates that move at boundaries due to convection in the mantle, gravity, and the planet's rotation.
Continental Drift Theory by Rajkumar
1. CONTINENTAL DRIFT
“Father” of this theory is Alfred Wegener.
2. The Theory of Continental Drift
Proposed by Alfred Wegener (1912):-
A large super-continent PANGEA split into smaller fragments about 200-300 million years ago. These then drifted apart to form the present arrangement of continents.
Most geologists were highly skeptical and the idea was NOT widely accepted.
3. This is what Wegener thought Pangea looked like 200-300 million years ago.
4. EVIDENCE OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT
Wegener provided four main pieces of evidence to support his theory that the continents had been drifting over time.
5. 1. JIGSAW PUZZLE
Wegener noticed that if we could move present day continents around, several continents look like they would fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.
6. 2. FOSSILS
Wegener also found fossils of the same plants and animals on different continents now separated by vast oceans. They could only be found this way if the continents had once been joined together.
7. 3. ROCK SEQUENCE
Wegener also found that mountain ranges have a similar sequence of type of rock and age on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, suggesting they were once part of the same mountain range.
8. 4. GLACIAL SCARS
Wegener found evidence of glacial scars left behind by giant ice sheets from the same time period in Southern Africa, India, Australia and South America.
The white areas were covered by ice and tundra about 300 million years ago (arrows show the direction of ice movement).
the continents were once part of a single larger continent that then split apart, drifting to their present positions over the last 300 million years.
9. WHAT COULD MOVE THE CONTINENTS?
Unfortunately for Wegener, he could not explain what force was powerful enough to move entire continents around the planet.
For reasons was he can't explain
Alfred Wegener died on expedition in Greenland in 1930 still searching for answers to the question of what force could be responsible for the movement of the continents.
10. Reason for Support Continental Drift?
Fit of continents
Apparent discrepancy in inferred latitudes of ancient rocks
Rocks of same age and similar characteristics on different continents
Distribution of similar plants and animals on different continents
11. WEGENERS CONCLUSIONS:
The continents have drifted over the past 300 million
years to their present positions!
(not a very popular idea at the time!!!)
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Erez
This document discusses the three main types of rocks - sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous - and their everyday uses. Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediment layers and are used for things like building materials. Metamorphic rocks are formed by extreme heat and pressure and have various everyday applications. Igneous rocks form when magma cools and can be found above or below the surface, and they also have uses in everyday items and construction.
Continental Drift And Plate Tectonics Andie
1) Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in the early 20th century, suggesting that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before drifting apart.
2) Wegener provided geological, fossil, and climate evidence to support his theory, but his ideas were rejected by many scientists because he could not explain the force driving the continental movement.
3) In the 1960s, the theory of plate tectonics was developed, explaining that convection currents in the mantle cause the plates to move and providing the mechanism that Wegener could not.
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Outline of various tectonic theories
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Theories of the earth's crustal movement powerpoint
The document summarizes theories of continental drift and plate tectonics. In 1915, Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift, which states that parts of the Earth's crust slowly drift atop a liquid core. Wegener hypothesized that around 200 million years ago, all the continents were joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. Pangaea later broke apart into smaller supercontinents, and by the end of the Cretaceous period the continents had separated into their modern positions. In the 1960s, Harry Hess proposed the theory of seafloor spreading, which provided support for continental drift by showing how ocean floors spread outward from underwater ridges. Plate tectonics expanded on these ideas
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The document discusses plate tectonics and the evidence that supports the theory. It describes how fossils and rock formations found in different parts of the world provided early evidence that continents have moved over time. It also outlines key evidence from the mid-20th century including the discovery of sea floor spreading and magnetic reversals in ocean crust that helped establish the modern theory of plate tectonics.
2. Continental Drift.pptx
Here are the answers to the guide questions:
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The document summarizes key aspects of plate tectonics theory including continental drift, seafloor spreading, and evidence that supports these ideas. It describes how Alfred Wegener first proposed continental drift in 1912, though it was not widely accepted until the 1950s when evidence like paleomagnetism was discovered. It also explains how seafloor spreading was observed at mid-ocean ridges and helped explain continental drift, providing evidence like pillow lava, magnetic stripes in ocean crust, and dating of ocean floor rocks. Finally, it gives a brief overview of plate tectonics theory including major components like lithosphere, asthenosphere, convection cells, and different plate boundary types.
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1. The Earth is layered, with a dense inner core surrounded by less dense layers. New evidence in the late 1800s showed the Earth has an interior that is hot due to volcanoes.
2. The crust varies in thickness and density around the world, with thick continental crust and thin oceanic crust. Below the crust is the mantle, which is solid but flows like a liquid over geologic timescales.
3. Seismic waves provided evidence that helped reveal the layered structure of the Earth. P and S waves travel at different speeds and through different materials, allowing scientists to map the interior of the Earth.
Continental Drift theory suitable for online class
Continental drift was a theory proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912 to explain similarities between continents such as matching coastlines, fossils, and rock formations. Wegener proposed that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea, which later broke apart and drifted to their current positions. Wegener's theory was initially rejected because he could not explain the mechanism driving the movement of continents. Later, Harry Hess proposed the theory of seafloor spreading to explain continental drift, suggesting new ocean crust was being formed at mid-ocean ridges and pushing the continents apart. Plate tectonics unified these concepts and provided evidence of magnetic reversals in ocean crust to support the theory of continental movement.
Pangaea USE
1) Alfred Wegener was a German scientist who, in 1912, proposed the theory of continental drift which hypothesized that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before slowly drifting apart.
2) Wegener developed this theory after studying fossil records from South America and Africa and finding that some fossils were identical, suggesting the continents were once attached.
3) He proposed that around 200 million years ago, the continents of Pangaea began to separate and drift to their current locations due to plate tectonics.
2012 updated plate tectonics new one use this one backup
Plate tectonics theory proposes that Earth's outermost layer is broken into rigid tectonic plates that constantly move atop the asthenosphere in response to convection currents in the mantle, interacting along plate boundaries through divergent, convergent, and transform motion that creates geologic features like mid-ocean ridges, trenches, volcanoes, and earthquakes. Mapping of the seafloor revealed evidence like magnetic stripes and the ages of rocks that supported seafloor spreading and subduction, leading scientists in the 1960s to combine these ideas with continental drift into the unified theory of plate tectonics.
Continental draft shon class j
Continental drift is the theory proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912 that explained how continents move across Earth's surface. Wegener proposed that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangea before slowly drifting apart. The theory of plate tectonics later provided evidence that Earth's lithosphere is broken into plates that slowly move over time, supporting Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift.
ContDrift.ppt
1. Plate tectonics replaced earlier theories like diastrophism and the contracting Earth theory. The contracting Earth theory proposed that the Earth shrank over time through processes like cooling, which caused folding of the crust.
2. Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in 1915, providing evidence like matching fossil distributions, paleoclimate patterns, and matching craton shapes that suggested continents had moved over time.
3. Wegener's theory was rejected in his time due to errors in his data and an inability to explain the mechanism of drift. It took further magnetic evidence in the 1950s to gain wide acceptance for plate tectonics replacing earlier stationary models of the Earth.
Plate Tectonics
The document provides an overview of the structure and composition of the Earth's layers, including the crust, mantle, and core. It then discusses plate tectonics and evidence that supports the theory of continental drift, such as matching geological formations and fossil distributions between continents before they drifted apart. The development of the modern theory of plate tectonics to explain continental movement is also outlined.
Plate Tectonics
This ppt is about 3 theories of plate tectonics: Continental drift, seafloor spreading and theory of plate tectonics
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The document discusses plate tectonics and provides evidence that supports the theory of continental drift. It describes how the Earth's crust is broken into plates that move relative to each other. The plates interact in different ways as they move, including colliding, pulling apart, and scraping past one another, which causes geological features like mountains and volcanoes to form. It also explains Alfred Wegener's early theory of continental drift and the fossil, geological, and geographical evidence he used to support the idea that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea.
Earth&PlateTectonics_Butler_ERBmod.ppt
The document discusses plate tectonics and the evidence that supports the theory. It explains that the Earth's crust is broken into plates that move relative to each other. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform. Evidence for plate tectonics includes the locations of earthquakes and volcanoes along plate boundaries, as well as the movement of continents over geologic time as described by Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift.
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The document discusses the development of the theory of continental drift by Alfred Wegener in the early 20th century. It provides evidence that supported Wegener's hypothesis, including: the fit of continental coastlines, matching fossil distributions, and correlations between rock and mountain formations on different continents. The theory was initially rejected due to the lack of a proposed mechanism for continental movement, but gained renewed interest after the discovery of apparent polar wander in rock magnetic polarity studies.
Plate Tectonics: History and Boundaries
1. Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in 1912, suggesting that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before slowly drifting apart.
2. Wegener provided four lines of evidence to support his theory - similar rock formations and fossils on separated continents, matching coastlines, correlated climate indicators like coal deposits, and plant and animal distributions that could not have crossed oceans.
3. However, Wegener's theory was initially rejected because he could not explain what caused the continents to move. It was not until the 1950s-60s that seafloor spreading and plate tectonics were discovered, providing a mechanism to explain continental drift.
Plate tectonics
The document discusses plate tectonics and the evidence supporting continental drift. It describes how Wegener first proposed the hypothesis of continental drift in 1912 based on observations that the continents seemed to fit together. The document outlines several pieces of evidence that supported Wegener's hypothesis, including matching coastlines, shared fossil distributions, and geological and climatic similarities between separated continents. It then describes how the theory of seafloor spreading provided further evidence when studies in the 1940s and 1950s showed the ocean floor was younger than the continents and spreading occurred at mid-ocean ridges. Paleomagnetic data from the seafloor also supported seafloor spreading and continental drift. Today the theory of plate tectonics unifies
Plate Tectonics
The document discusses the theory of plate tectonics, including what plates are made of, how they move at boundaries, and the evidence that supports plate tectonics. The lithosphere comprises the crust and rigid upper mantle, floating on the asthenosphere. Plates move at boundaries in three types - divergent, convergent, and transform - which are associated with volcanoes, earthquakes, and other surface phenomena. Evidence like matching continents, widespread fossil distributions, and matching rock formations support plate tectonics and the past connection of continents.
2013 updated plate tectonics new one use this one
The document summarizes plate tectonics and the development of the theory. It describes how early scientists like Wegener proposed continental drift but lacked evidence. Later, mapping of the ocean floor revealed patterns of magnetic stripes and rock ages indicating the seafloor spreads from mid-ocean ridges. This led scientists in the 1960s to develop the modern theory of plate tectonics, which proposes that Earth's crust is divided into plates that move due to convection currents in the mantle.
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Theories of the earth's crustal movement powerpoint
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Continental drift and plate tectonics
- 1. Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics
- 2. German Meteorologist Alfred Wegner proposed this theory in 1912. Continental Drift
- 3. German Meteorologist Alfred Wegner proposed this theory in 1912. It explained why the continents seemed to fit together like puzzle pieces. Continental Drift
- 4. German Meteorologist Alfred Wegner proposed this theory in 1912. It explained why the continents seemed to fit together like puzzles pieces. It explained the match of the geological features on distant coastlines. Continental Drift
- 5. German Meteorologist Alfred Wegner proposed this theory in 1912. It explained why the continents seemed to fit together like puzzles. It explained the match of the geological features on distant coastlines. It explained identical fossils on distant coastlines. Continental Drift
- 6. German Meteorologist Alfred Wegner proposed this theory in 1912. It explained why the continents seemed to fit together like puzzles. It explained the match of the geological features on distant coastlines. It explained identical fossils on distant coastlines. It explained the evidence of glaciers near the equator. Continental Drift
- 7. It did NOT explain how the continents moved. Continental Drift
- 8. It did NOT explain how the continents moved. It did NOT explain why the continents moved. Continental Drift
- 9. This theory says the lithosphere is divided into 12 large sections and about 20 smaller ones. Plate Tectonic Theory
- 10. This theory says the lithosphere is divided into 12 large sections and about 20 smaller ones. These tectonic plates ‘float’ on the more dense, fluid-like asthenopshere. Plate Tectonic Theory
- 11. This theory says the lithosphere is divided into 12 large sections and about 20 smaller ones. These tectonic plates ‘float’ on the more dense, fluid-like asthenopshere. This theory explains everything the continental drift theory explained. Plate Tectonic Theory
- 12. This theory says the lithosphere is divided into 12 large sections and about 20 smaller ones. These tectonic plates ‘float’ on the more dense, fluid-like asthenopshere. This theory explains everything the continental drift theory explained. This theory also explains HOW the continents move. Plate Tectonic Theory
- 13. This theory says the lithosphere is divided into 12 large sections and about 20 smaller ones. These tectonic plates ‘float’ on the more dense, fluid-like asthenopshere. This theory explains everything the continental drift theory explained. This theory explains HOW the continents move. Does this theory explain WHY they move? Plate Tectonic Theory
- 14. Plate Tectonic Theory We’ll investigate that today!