Contagious ecthyma, also known as orf, is a viral disease that affects small ruminants like sheep and goats. It causes lesions around the mouth and lips. The virus belongs to the parapoxvirus genus in the poxvirus family. Young animals are most susceptible. Transmission occurs through direct contact. Clinical signs include papules, pustules, and scabs around the mouth. The disease is usually self-limiting and lesions resolve in 3-4 weeks. Differential diagnosis includes other viral skin diseases and bacterial infections.

1. CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA
Submitted to: Dr. M Akram khan
Submitted by: Group-1 (4th evening)
M. Faraz Mumtaz
16-arid-2893
Abdul Rehman Manzoor
16-arid-2864
Hamza Jafar
16-arid-2881

2. Introduction:
 Contagious ecthyma
 orf
 Infectious labial dermatitis
 Sore mouth
 Scabby mouth
 Contagious pustular dermatitis(CPD).

3.  It is infectious disease of sheep and goats
 Lesions on muzzles, lips, and stomatitis on teats.
 Most susceptible are young
 Also reported in musk ox, reindeer and camel.
 Morbidity
 Mortality

4. Cont…
https://www.msdvetmanual.com/integumentary-system/contagious-ecthyma/overview-
of-contagious-ecthyma

5. Etiology
 orf virus
 Genus Parapoxvirus
 Family Poxviridae.
 d-DNA
 Similar to pseudo cowpox virus.
 Epitheliotropic
 Transmitted to human.

6. Orf virus is sensitive to
 Ether
 temperature
 UV light and
 wetting
 Organic substances
Orf virus is resistant to:
 Glycerol
 Physical damage.

7. Economic importance
 Low production
 Less body weight
 Wool damage
 Slaughtering

8. Host range
 Sheep and goats
 Cattle
 Alpacas
 Camels
 Big horn sheep
 Reindeer
 Deer
 Squirrels

9. Transmission
 Contagious disease
 Utensils,
 Contaminated feed,
 Water ,
 Aerosols
 Direct and close contact
 From their mother
 Week immunity, wound

10. zoonosis
 In humans orf (ore-F)
 During lambing,
 Shearing,
 Docking,
 Drenching or
 Slaughtering
 3-7 days
 direct contact
 human to human transmission

11. Clinical signs
 Rise in temperature,
 Papules
 Pustules
 Scabs
 Lesions on gum
 Tongue and palate
 Also on skin of face, ears, feet, and scrotum

12. Cont…
 Disease is characterized by different phases:
 Phase-1 small papules
 Phase-2 pustules
 Phase-3 exudation
 Phase-4 scab and scar formation

13.  a A small red spot with no scab
 b, c, and d Black scabs
 E bigger round scabs
 F Hemorrhagic orf lesion due to
ruptured vesicle.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.100
7/s00580-017-2619-8

14. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crivem/2013/210854/fig1

15. Diagnosis:
 Diagnosis is based on:
 characteristic lesions,
 clinical signs and
 previous history

16. Laboratory diagnostic tests
Serological include:
 Serum neutralization,
 ELISAs
 Agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID)
 Complement fixation and agglutination.

17. Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis includes:
 Sheep and goat pox (Capri pox)
 Dermatophilosis
 Blue tongue
 Foot rot
 FMD
 Papillomatosis
 Herpes virus infection
 Staph infection
 Actinobacillosis
 Ulcerative dermatosis

18. Gross lesions:
 multifocal
 proliferative and
 ulcerative dermatitis
 Around mouth and nares

19. http://agriculture.vic.gov.au/agriculture/pests-diseases-and-weeds/animal-
diseases/sheep/scabby-mouth-orf-a-disease-of-sheep-and-goats

20. Histopathology:
 keratinocytes are markedly swollen.
 Multifocally,
 viral inclusion bodies.
 epidermal hyperplasia
 hyperkeratosis.
 Ballooning of keratinocytes.
 parakeratosis and acanthosis
 infiltration of neutrophils
 Degenerative changes

21. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113512005913
Normal skin balooning Rete ridges and
hyperkeratosis

22. Viral Inclusion bodies in cytoplasm and
hyper keratosis:
Orf parapoxvirus infection from a cat scratch
Jonathan Frandsen, Mike Enslow, Anneli R Bowen MD
Dermatology Online Journal 17 (4): 9

23. Treatment:
 Self limiting. Clear in 3-4 week
 Antiseptic.
 Antibiotics in secondary infections.
 Lesions shed off itself.
 Soft, palatable food should be provided during sickness.
 Recovered are resistant.

24. REFERANCES:
 Upadhyaya, A.K, textbook of preventive veterinary medicine, udham singh nager
(Uttaranchal), india.
 SAMUEL, W.M, CHALMERS,W.A, STELFOX, J.G, LOEWEN, A, contagious ecthyma
in bighorn sheepand mountain goat in western Canada, 1975, journal of wild life
disease , vol.11.
 Contagious ecthyma, 2015, the center for food security & public health, ames,
lowa.