This document provides an overview of various types of construction equipment used in the industry. It begins by classifying equipment into categories such as earthmoving, construction vehicles, and material handling. Earthmoving equipment discussed includes excavators, loaders, backhoes, bulldozers, graders, and trenchers. Construction vehicles include dumpers, tippers, and trailers. Material handling equipment covers cranes, conveyors, forklifts, and hoists. Other equipment described are concrete mixers, compactors, pavers, sprayers, rollers, crushers, and pumps.
This document provides an overview of tractors, including their history, development, classifications, and main components. Some key points:
- Tractors were invented in the late 19th century and were originally designed to provide traction and haul machinery for agricultural and construction purposes.
- They are now classified based on their construction type (wheel, track, etc.), drive type, and intended purpose (utility, row crop, orchard, industrial, etc.).
- Important developments over time included the introduction of gasoline and diesel engines for power, and manufacturers in India starting in the 1960s and growing substantially through the 1980s and 1990s.
- The main assemblies of modern tractors include the engine, transmission, wheels
This document discusses three common types of small engine carburetors: natural or side draft, updraft, and downdraft. The natural or side draft carburetor is used when space is limited above the engine and allows air to flow horizontally into the manifold. The updraft carburetor is placed low on the engine and uses gravity to feed fuel from an above tank to the carburetor, forcing the air-fuel mixture upward. The downdraft carburetor operates with lower air velocities and larger passages, providing larger volumes of fuel when needed and allowing gravity to assist the air-fuel mixture flow.
The document discusses various types of construction equipment used in earthmoving and building activities. It describes excavators, loaders, graders, bulldozers, backhoes, dump trucks, tipper trucks, trailers, cranes, conveyor systems, forklifts, hoists, concrete mixers, compactors, plaster sprayers, road rollers, slurry pumps, vibrators, and haulers. The equipment is used for tasks like digging, loading, hauling, lifting, mixing, compacting, spraying, transporting materials, and consolidating concrete.
INTRODUCTION TO BACKHOE AND THEIR WORKING PROCESS PLUS THEIR TYPE AND USES IN CONSTRUCTION SITE
THIS PRESENTATION IS OVER THE CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT USED IN DAILY BASIS
This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines, including their introduction, working, nomenclature, cam mechanisms, classifications based on strokes, fuel, ignition systems, cylinders, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Key classifications discussed include two-stroke vs four-stroke engines and spark ignition vs compression ignition engines. Applications mentioned include use in transport vehicles, prime movers, agriculture machinery, and earth moving equipment. Advantages include simplicity and lower costs, while disadvantages include lower cooling rates and need for water maintenance in water-cooled engines.
The agricultural tractor is one of the class of mobile machines that involves the ‘traction’ process.
The tractor is also in the class of machines that involves operation under what are known as 'off- road' conditions.
Others in this class include machines used in earth moving, mining and military work.
The word tractor appeared first on record in a patent issued on a tractor or traction engine invented by George H. Harris of ChicagO
The document describes the main components of an internal combustion engine, including the cylinder head, engine block, pistons, valves, camshaft, crankshaft, connecting rods, and flywheel. It discusses the different types of engines like four-stroke gasoline, two-stroke gasoline, and diesel engines. It also explains the basic functions of engine components like the camshaft converting rotary motion to reciprocating motion and the flywheel reducing vibration and transferring power from the engine.
This document provides an overview of tractors, including their history, development, classifications, and main components. Some key points:
- Tractors were invented in the late 19th century and were originally designed to provide traction and haul machinery for agricultural and construction purposes.
- They are now classified based on their construction type (wheel, track, etc.), drive type, and intended purpose (utility, row crop, orchard, industrial, etc.).
- Important developments over time included the introduction of gasoline and diesel engines for power, and manufacturers in India starting in the 1960s and growing substantially through the 1980s and 1990s.
- The main assemblies of modern tractors include the engine, transmission, wheels
This document discusses three common types of small engine carburetors: natural or side draft, updraft, and downdraft. The natural or side draft carburetor is used when space is limited above the engine and allows air to flow horizontally into the manifold. The updraft carburetor is placed low on the engine and uses gravity to feed fuel from an above tank to the carburetor, forcing the air-fuel mixture upward. The downdraft carburetor operates with lower air velocities and larger passages, providing larger volumes of fuel when needed and allowing gravity to assist the air-fuel mixture flow.
The document discusses various types of construction equipment used in earthmoving and building activities. It describes excavators, loaders, graders, bulldozers, backhoes, dump trucks, tipper trucks, trailers, cranes, conveyor systems, forklifts, hoists, concrete mixers, compactors, plaster sprayers, road rollers, slurry pumps, vibrators, and haulers. The equipment is used for tasks like digging, loading, hauling, lifting, mixing, compacting, spraying, transporting materials, and consolidating concrete.
INTRODUCTION TO BACKHOE AND THEIR WORKING PROCESS PLUS THEIR TYPE AND USES IN CONSTRUCTION SITE
THIS PRESENTATION IS OVER THE CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT USED IN DAILY BASIS
This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines, including their introduction, working, nomenclature, cam mechanisms, classifications based on strokes, fuel, ignition systems, cylinders, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Key classifications discussed include two-stroke vs four-stroke engines and spark ignition vs compression ignition engines. Applications mentioned include use in transport vehicles, prime movers, agriculture machinery, and earth moving equipment. Advantages include simplicity and lower costs, while disadvantages include lower cooling rates and need for water maintenance in water-cooled engines.
The agricultural tractor is one of the class of mobile machines that involves the ‘traction’ process.
The tractor is also in the class of machines that involves operation under what are known as 'off- road' conditions.
Others in this class include machines used in earth moving, mining and military work.
The word tractor appeared first on record in a patent issued on a tractor or traction engine invented by George H. Harris of ChicagO
The document describes the main components of an internal combustion engine, including the cylinder head, engine block, pistons, valves, camshaft, crankshaft, connecting rods, and flywheel. It discusses the different types of engines like four-stroke gasoline, two-stroke gasoline, and diesel engines. It also explains the basic functions of engine components like the camshaft converting rotary motion to reciprocating motion and the flywheel reducing vibration and transferring power from the engine.
The document discusses various types of hoisting equipment used to lift materials against gravity, ranging from simple hand tools to large cranes. It describes pulley systems, chain hoists, mobile cranes, winches, jacks, derrick cranes, tower cranes, gantry cranes and their uses. Advantages include customizable lifting capability while disadvantages include costs, power requirements, and slow lifting speeds for some basic hoists. Common applications are in construction, manufacturing, and warehousing.
Group 7's project focuses on site dumpers. Site dumpers are open vehicles used to carry bulk materials on construction sites. They have the load skip in front of the driver and can tip the skip to dump loads. The group evaluates several common site dumper models from manufacturers like Nu-Star, Terex, Wacker Neuson, and MZ Imer. These dumpers have payloads from 2,200 to 13,000 pounds and are powered by diesel engines. Proper training and safety precautions are needed when operating site dumpers to prevent overturning, which is a major cause of accidents.
The document provides information on tractors and their systems. It discusses the definition and requirements of tractors, the development of tractors over time including key inventions and manufacturers, classifications of tractors based on construction type and purpose, components of tractors including engines, transmissions, differentials, and hydraulic systems, and the selection and functions of tractors for different uses.
Study basic parts of an excavator. This will help you to learn basic parts in brief along with visual images on the side, which might help you to remember it easily.
This document provides an overview of types of transmission systems for automobiles. It begins with an introduction to transmission systems and their purpose. It then describes the main components of transmission systems including clutches, gearboxes, and differentials. The document proceeds to explain the different types of clutches used in transmission systems, including single plate clutches, multi-plate clutches, cone clutches, electromagnetic clutches, and centrifugal clutches. It also describes the different types of gearboxes such as constant mesh, synchromesh, and sliding mesh gearboxes. Finally, it provides a brief explanation of how differentials work in transmission systems.
Solution manual internal combstion engine by willard w. pulkrabekDarawan Wahid
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. It states that regular exercise can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help alleviate symptoms of mental illnesses.
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
1. A hydraulic excavator is a large vehicle used for excavation and demolition that consists of a chassis, boom, and bucket powered by hydraulics.
2. Hydraulic excavators work using Pascal's law where pressure applied in a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions, allowing the boom, bucket, and arm to lift and move material during digging.
3. There are two main types - crawler excavators which run on tracks for use in muddy or hilly areas, and wheel excavators which run on wheels and are used for plain ground operations like loading trucks.
This document provides an overview of continuously variable transmissions (CVTs). It discusses the history and development of CVTs, the main types including pulley-based, cone, toroidal, and hydraulic CVTs. The advantages of CVTs are allowing the engine to run at an ideal RPM regardless of vehicle speed and fewer moving parts compared to automatic transmissions. Disadvantages include limited torque capacity and higher cost compared to manual transmissions. CVTs are commonly used in automobiles and are being developed for other applications like trucks, buses, and wind turbines.
This document provides an overview of gas turbine engines and their classification. It discusses the following key points:
- Engines are classified as air breathing or non-air breathing. Air breathing engines use ambient air and include reciprocating and jet engines. Non-air breathing engines do not use air and include rocket engines.
- Jet engines, such as turbojets, turbofans, turboprops and turboshafts use jet propulsion for forward thrust. They operate based on the Brayton cycle of isentropic compression, constant pressure heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant pressure heat rejection.
- The basic workings of a turbojet engine involve air intake, compression, combustion, expansion
The differential is an essential part of any four-wheeled vehicle that allows the wheels to rotate at different speeds, such as when turning. It splits the engine torque between the two output shafts so each wheel can spin at its own rate. Modern differentials come in two main types: open differentials and limited-slip differentials. Open differentials distribute equal torque to both wheels but can cause wheel slip in turns, while limited-slip differentials provide more torque to a slipping wheel for better traction.
This Presentation gives a brief idea on turbojet engines, their components, working principle and also on the materials used in both the hot and cold sections of the engine, applications, etc..
This document provides an overview of farm tractors. It discusses the requirements of tractors, how they have developed over time, and how they are classified. Tractors are classified by their type of construction (track, wheel, etc.), drive type, and purpose (utility, row crop, orchard, etc.). The document also lists major tractor assemblies and manufacturers in India, including models from Eicher, Escorts, GTCL, HMT, TAFE, Mahindra, Sonalika, PTL, Ford and New Holland.
There are different types of automobile bodies depending on usage and vehicle type. Bodies are divided into passenger and commercial bodies. Vehicle bodies must meet certain requirements like being light, having sufficient space, withstanding vibrations and providing good visibility. The chassis, frame, and body are the main components of a vehicle. The chassis carries the load and withstands forces from braking, acceleration, and road conditions. Chassis frames can be conventional, integral, or semi-integral depending on their design and construction.
This document provides information about power tillers and bulldozers. It describes the components and operation of a power tiller, which is a walking tractor used for rotary cultivation. It then discusses bulldozers, including their purpose, classifications based on mountings and control, components like blades and tracks, and types of blades. The document also outlines procedures for testing tractors according to OECD standards and Indian standards. It details both laboratory and field tests conducted during testing.
This document discusses the basic principles and components of a hydraulic control system for a tractor. It explains that liquids are incompressible and transmit pressure equally in all directions, allowing hydraulic systems to greatly increase work force. The basic hydraulic system has a pump and cylinder. Additional components include a reservoir, check valve, relief valve, double-acting cylinder, hydraulic pump, cylinder, tank, control valve, safety valve, hoses, fittings, and lifting arms. Hydraulic pumps include gear pumps, rotary pumps, vane pumps, and axial and bent-axial piston pumps. Valves include control valves and relief valves. Hydraulic systems provide advantages like compact power and remote control but also have disadvantages like potential leaks and high
This document provides information on various types of construction equipment categorized into earthmoving equipment, construction vehicles, material handling equipment, and general construction equipment. Earthmoving equipment described includes excavators, loaders, skid steer loaders, graders, crawler loaders, backhoes, bulldozers, trenchers, scrapers, and wheeled loading shovels. Construction vehicles include dumpers, tippers, and trailers. Material handling equipment includes cranes, conveyors, forklifts, and hoists. General construction equipment includes tunneling equipment, concrete mixers, compactors, pavers, spraying/plastering machines, road rollers, and slurry/heavy duty pumps.
This document provides an overview of various types of construction machines and equipment used in building construction technology. It describes earthmoving equipment like excavators and bulldozers used to shift earth. It also discusses construction vehicles like dumpers and trailers used to transport materials. Finally, it outlines material handling equipment like cranes, conveyor systems, and forklifts used to move equipment and supplies around construction sites.
The document discusses various types of hoisting equipment used to lift materials against gravity, ranging from simple hand tools to large cranes. It describes pulley systems, chain hoists, mobile cranes, winches, jacks, derrick cranes, tower cranes, gantry cranes and their uses. Advantages include customizable lifting capability while disadvantages include costs, power requirements, and slow lifting speeds for some basic hoists. Common applications are in construction, manufacturing, and warehousing.
Group 7's project focuses on site dumpers. Site dumpers are open vehicles used to carry bulk materials on construction sites. They have the load skip in front of the driver and can tip the skip to dump loads. The group evaluates several common site dumper models from manufacturers like Nu-Star, Terex, Wacker Neuson, and MZ Imer. These dumpers have payloads from 2,200 to 13,000 pounds and are powered by diesel engines. Proper training and safety precautions are needed when operating site dumpers to prevent overturning, which is a major cause of accidents.
The document provides information on tractors and their systems. It discusses the definition and requirements of tractors, the development of tractors over time including key inventions and manufacturers, classifications of tractors based on construction type and purpose, components of tractors including engines, transmissions, differentials, and hydraulic systems, and the selection and functions of tractors for different uses.
Study basic parts of an excavator. This will help you to learn basic parts in brief along with visual images on the side, which might help you to remember it easily.
This document provides an overview of types of transmission systems for automobiles. It begins with an introduction to transmission systems and their purpose. It then describes the main components of transmission systems including clutches, gearboxes, and differentials. The document proceeds to explain the different types of clutches used in transmission systems, including single plate clutches, multi-plate clutches, cone clutches, electromagnetic clutches, and centrifugal clutches. It also describes the different types of gearboxes such as constant mesh, synchromesh, and sliding mesh gearboxes. Finally, it provides a brief explanation of how differentials work in transmission systems.
Solution manual internal combstion engine by willard w. pulkrabekDarawan Wahid
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. It states that regular exercise can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help alleviate symptoms of mental illnesses.
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
1. A hydraulic excavator is a large vehicle used for excavation and demolition that consists of a chassis, boom, and bucket powered by hydraulics.
2. Hydraulic excavators work using Pascal's law where pressure applied in a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions, allowing the boom, bucket, and arm to lift and move material during digging.
3. There are two main types - crawler excavators which run on tracks for use in muddy or hilly areas, and wheel excavators which run on wheels and are used for plain ground operations like loading trucks.
This document provides an overview of continuously variable transmissions (CVTs). It discusses the history and development of CVTs, the main types including pulley-based, cone, toroidal, and hydraulic CVTs. The advantages of CVTs are allowing the engine to run at an ideal RPM regardless of vehicle speed and fewer moving parts compared to automatic transmissions. Disadvantages include limited torque capacity and higher cost compared to manual transmissions. CVTs are commonly used in automobiles and are being developed for other applications like trucks, buses, and wind turbines.
This document provides an overview of gas turbine engines and their classification. It discusses the following key points:
- Engines are classified as air breathing or non-air breathing. Air breathing engines use ambient air and include reciprocating and jet engines. Non-air breathing engines do not use air and include rocket engines.
- Jet engines, such as turbojets, turbofans, turboprops and turboshafts use jet propulsion for forward thrust. They operate based on the Brayton cycle of isentropic compression, constant pressure heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant pressure heat rejection.
- The basic workings of a turbojet engine involve air intake, compression, combustion, expansion
The differential is an essential part of any four-wheeled vehicle that allows the wheels to rotate at different speeds, such as when turning. It splits the engine torque between the two output shafts so each wheel can spin at its own rate. Modern differentials come in two main types: open differentials and limited-slip differentials. Open differentials distribute equal torque to both wheels but can cause wheel slip in turns, while limited-slip differentials provide more torque to a slipping wheel for better traction.
This Presentation gives a brief idea on turbojet engines, their components, working principle and also on the materials used in both the hot and cold sections of the engine, applications, etc..
This document provides an overview of farm tractors. It discusses the requirements of tractors, how they have developed over time, and how they are classified. Tractors are classified by their type of construction (track, wheel, etc.), drive type, and purpose (utility, row crop, orchard, etc.). The document also lists major tractor assemblies and manufacturers in India, including models from Eicher, Escorts, GTCL, HMT, TAFE, Mahindra, Sonalika, PTL, Ford and New Holland.
There are different types of automobile bodies depending on usage and vehicle type. Bodies are divided into passenger and commercial bodies. Vehicle bodies must meet certain requirements like being light, having sufficient space, withstanding vibrations and providing good visibility. The chassis, frame, and body are the main components of a vehicle. The chassis carries the load and withstands forces from braking, acceleration, and road conditions. Chassis frames can be conventional, integral, or semi-integral depending on their design and construction.
This document provides information about power tillers and bulldozers. It describes the components and operation of a power tiller, which is a walking tractor used for rotary cultivation. It then discusses bulldozers, including their purpose, classifications based on mountings and control, components like blades and tracks, and types of blades. The document also outlines procedures for testing tractors according to OECD standards and Indian standards. It details both laboratory and field tests conducted during testing.
This document discusses the basic principles and components of a hydraulic control system for a tractor. It explains that liquids are incompressible and transmit pressure equally in all directions, allowing hydraulic systems to greatly increase work force. The basic hydraulic system has a pump and cylinder. Additional components include a reservoir, check valve, relief valve, double-acting cylinder, hydraulic pump, cylinder, tank, control valve, safety valve, hoses, fittings, and lifting arms. Hydraulic pumps include gear pumps, rotary pumps, vane pumps, and axial and bent-axial piston pumps. Valves include control valves and relief valves. Hydraulic systems provide advantages like compact power and remote control but also have disadvantages like potential leaks and high
This document provides information on various types of construction equipment categorized into earthmoving equipment, construction vehicles, material handling equipment, and general construction equipment. Earthmoving equipment described includes excavators, loaders, skid steer loaders, graders, crawler loaders, backhoes, bulldozers, trenchers, scrapers, and wheeled loading shovels. Construction vehicles include dumpers, tippers, and trailers. Material handling equipment includes cranes, conveyors, forklifts, and hoists. General construction equipment includes tunneling equipment, concrete mixers, compactors, pavers, spraying/plastering machines, road rollers, and slurry/heavy duty pumps.
This document provides an overview of various types of construction machines and equipment used in building construction technology. It describes earthmoving equipment like excavators and bulldozers used to shift earth. It also discusses construction vehicles like dumpers and trailers used to transport materials. Finally, it outlines material handling equipment like cranes, conveyor systems, and forklifts used to move equipment and supplies around construction sites.
This document discusses various types of heavy construction equipment used in earthmoving and building activities. It describes excavators, loaders, graders, bulldozers, backhoes, scrapers, cranes, concrete mixers, compactors, pumps, and rollers. These machines are used for tasks like digging, hauling materials, grading land, compacting soil and concrete, and transporting materials like concrete on construction sites.
PREPARED OF ENG: ADEL OMAR SAEED
Introduction to earthworks machineries
Civil engineering is one of the ancient careers in the history and constructions technologies have been always one of the criterions of any civilization evolution . Due to the development in our constructions humans needed an advanced tools to make thier jobs easier and more sufficient . nowadays machines do the most of the work in the construction field starting with moving objects till mixing concrete and mobiles such as tractors, dumb truck, front loaders and cranes are the most important type of machines that we can't do any construction without using it
nowadays machines do the most of the work in the construction field starting with moving objects till mixing concrete and mobiles such as tractors, dumb truck,front loaders and cranes are the most important type of machines that we can't do any construction without using it
Civil engineering is one of the ancient careers in history of construction; technologies have always been one of the criterions of any civilization evolution . Due to the development in our constructions, humans needed an advanced tools to make their jobs easier and more sufficient.nowadays machines do the most of the work in the construction field starting with moving objects till mixing concrete and mobiles such as tractors, dumb truck,front loaders and cranes are the most important type of machines that we can't do any construction without using it .
nowadays machines do the most of the work in the construction field starting with moving objects till mixing concrete and mobiles such as tractors, dumb truck,front loaders and cranes are the most important type of machines that we can't do any construction without using it
Civil engineering is one of the ancient careers in history of construction; technologies have always been one of the criterions of any civilization evolution . Due to the development in our constructions, humans needed an advanced tools to make their jobs easier and more sufficient.nowadays machines do the most of the work in the construction field starting with moving objects till mixing concrete and mobiles such as tractors, dumb truck,front loaders and cranes are the most important type of machines that we can't do any construction without using it .
nowadays machines do the most of the work in the construction field starting with moving objects till mixing concrete and mobiles such as tractors, dumb truck,front loaders and cranes are the most important type of machines that we can't do any construction without using it
Civil engineering is one of the ancient careers in history of construction; technologies have always been one of the criterions of any civilization evolution . Due to the development in our constructions, humans needed an advanced tools to make their jobs easier and more sufficient.nowadays machines do the most of the work in the construction field starting with moving objects till mixing concrete an
5. construction equipment Building ConstructionHamdija Velagic
The document discusses various types of construction equipment used on building sites, including earthmoving equipment like excavators and bulldozers, construction vehicles like dump trucks and trailers, material handling equipment like cranes and forklifts, and other equipment like concrete mixers and compactors. It provides details on the purpose and function of each type of equipment, with examples of specific models within each category. The goal is to classify the wide variety of machines commonly found on construction sites based on their application and use.
5. construction equipment Building ConstructionHamdija Velagic
The document discusses various types of construction equipment used on building sites, including earthmoving equipment like excavators and bulldozers, construction vehicles like dump trucks and trailers, material handling equipment like cranes and forklifts, and other equipment like concrete mixers and compactors. It provides details on the purpose and function of each type of equipment, with examples of specific models within each category. The goal is to classify the wide variety of machines commonly found on construction sites based on their application and use.
This document discusses various types of construction machinery classified into four main groups: earthmoving equipment, construction vehicles, material handling equipment, and construction equipment. Earthmoving equipment discussed includes excavators, loaders, graders, backhoes, bulldozers, trenchers, and scrapers. Construction vehicles include dumpers, tippers, and trailers. Material handling equipment includes cranes, conveyors, forklifts, and hoists. Construction equipment includes tunneling machines, concrete mixers, compactors, pavers, spraying machines, road rollers, and stone crushers.
This document provides an overview of various types of construction equipment categorized into four groups: earthmoving equipment, construction vehicles, material handling equipment, and construction equipment. Earthmoving equipment includes excavators used for digging foundations and trenches, loaders for loading materials, and skid steer loaders. Construction vehicles consist of dumpers for transporting bulk materials and trailers for transporting goods. Material handling equipment involves cranes, conveyors, and forklifts for moving materials. Finally, construction equipment comprises tunneling machines, concrete mixers, and compactors used to compact soil and waste.
The document categorizes and describes various types of construction equipment. It divides equipment into four main groups: (1) earthmoving equipment like excavators and loaders used for digging and material handling; (2) construction vehicles like dumpers and trailers used for transportation; (3) material handling equipment like cranes, conveyors, and forklifts used to move materials; and (4) other construction equipment like tunneling machines, concrete mixers, and pavers used for specific tasks. Within each group, the document provides examples and brief descriptions of common piece of equipment.
Excavators, dump trucks, bulldozers, and other heavy construction equipment are described. Excavators come in various types including compact excavators, crawler excavators, wheeled excavators, backhoe loaders, and long reach excavators. Dump trucks also come in different varieties such as standard dump trucks, articulated dump trucks, transfer dump trucks, and bottom dump semi-trailer trucks. Bulldozers are used for pushing earth and rocks with a mounted blade. Various models of excavators, dump trucks, and bulldozers are discussed along with their applications in construction.
Earthmoving equipment - crawler loader.
What are crawler loaders, history, manufacturing, advantages, and the difference between a wheel and track loader.
This document discusses various types of earth moving equipment used in construction projects. It describes power shovels, backhoes, bulldozers, scrapers, dumpers, graders, and trenchers. For each type of equipment, it provides details on their uses, basic parts, and applications in construction activities like excavating earth, digging trenches, clearing and grading sites, and hauling materials. Earth moving equipment are crucial modern tools that facilitate excavation, transportation, and placement of materials in infrastructure and building projects.
Dumpers are trucks used to transport loose materials like sand and gravel. There are several types including standard dump trucks, side dump trucks, articulated dump trucks, and transfer dump trucks. Concrete mixers come in continuous and batch varieties and are used to mix cement, aggregate, and water. Batch mixers include drum mixers, pan mixers, and transit mixers, which transport mixed concrete to construction sites.
This document discusses several types of excavation machinery: power shovels, draglines, clam shells, backhoes, and trenching machines. Power shovels excavate earth and load trucks, and can be mounted on tracks or wheels. Draglines are useful for long reaches and underwater excavation. Clam shells remove materials from vertical excavations. Backhoes have an articulated arm with a digging bucket. Trenchers dig trenches, especially for installing pipes or cables.
Mobile cranes are machines that can lift, pull, tug, carry, and perform other large-scale tasks. They are cable-controlled cranes mounted on crawlers, rubber tires, or hydraulic booms on truck carriers or self-propelled models. Mobile cranes are commonly used in construction and manufacturing of heavy equipment.
The document discusses various types of construction equipment used for excavation and compaction. It describes 9 types of excavators - compact excavator, crawler excavator, wheeled excavator, backhoe loader, dragline excavator, bucket wheel excavator, long reach excavator, power shovel, and suction excavator. It also discusses other equipment like dozers, tipper trucks, vibratory rollers and their uses in construction.
Hoisting equipment is used to lift loads through mechanical means and includes cranes, elevators, pulleys, wire rope hoists, jacks, hoisting buckets, and more. Common hoisting machines use sheaves and pulleys to apply power through ropes or cables, with winches and hoists providing the power and cranes providing the structural elements. There are various types of cranes for different applications, including mobile cranes, tower cranes, truck mounted cranes, rough terrain cranes, overhead cranes, and more. Concrete pumps are also a type of hoisting equipment used to transfer liquid concrete, with boom pumps able to place concrete over longer distances accurately and line pumps used for smaller pours.
The document describes different types of earthwork equipment: wheel loaders, backhoes, excavators, scrapers, motor graders, rollers, and dump trucks. It provides details on the purpose and operation of loaders, backhoes, scrapers, excavators, graders, and various types of rollers used for soil compaction. Dump trucks are also mentioned as an alternative to scrapers for transporting excavated soil.
The document provides an overview of electric cranes, including their structure, types, operation, and maintenance. It discusses various crane types such as overhead cranes, mobile cranes, rough terrain cranes, all-terrain cranes, tower cranes, floating cranes, and gantry cranes. Electric cranes offer advantages over other cranes as they are more environmentally friendly and quiet. The document also outlines crane safety tips and maintenance.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
2. INTRODUCTION
It is a common fact that we find a wide variety of
construction machines on every construction sites,
which make the construction jobs easy, safe and
quicker
Depending on the application, construction machines
are classified into various categories which we are
discussed further
5. Construction equipment
Heavy duty pumps
Slurry seal machines
Stone crushers
Hot mix plants
Road rollers
Spraying &
plastering
machines
Pavers
Road making
machines
Concrete mixers
Tunneling & handling
equipment
6. EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENTS
Earthmoving equipment is used in the construction
industry to :
- shift large amounts of earth
- dig foundations and landscape areas
7. EXCAVATORS
Excavators are heavy
construction equipment
consisting of a boom, stick,
bucket and cab on a rotating
platform (known as the
"house")
The house sits atop an
undercarriage with tracks or
wheels
Excavators are also called
diggers
8. LOADERS
A loader is a heavy
equipment machine often
used in construction,
primarily used to Load
material (such as asphalt,
demolition debris, dirt,
snow, feed, gravel, logs, raw
minerals, recycled material,
rock, sand, and woodchips)
into or onto another type of
machinery (such as a dump
truck, conveyor belt,
feedhopper or railcar)
9. SKID STEER
LOADERS
A skid loader or skid-steer
loader is a small rigid frame,
engine-powered machine with
lift arms used to attach a wide
variety of labor-saving tools
or attachments
Though sometimes they are
equipped with tracks, skidsteer
loaders are typically four-
wheel vehicles with the wheels
mechanically locked in
synchronization on each side,
and the left-side drive wheels
can be driven independently of
the rightside drive wheels
10. GRADERS A grader, also commonly
referred to as a road grader, a
blade, a maintainer, or a
motor grader, is a
construction machine with a
long blade used to create a
flat surface
Typical models have three
axles, with the engine and
cab situated above the rear
axles at one end of the vehicle
and a third axle at the front
end of the vehicle, with the
blade in between.
11. CRAWLER
LOADERS The crawler loader
combines the stability of the
crawler tractor with the
abilities of a wheel loader
However, to construct a
reliable crawler loader it
requires more than simply
attaching a loader bucket
onto a crawler tractor. It
must be designed with its
specific purpose in mind to
ensure it has the strength to
withstand heavy excavating
12. CRAWLER LOADERS
The introduction of hydraulic excavators
diminished the market for the crawler loader
because it was unable to match the excavator's
lifting power and flexibility
However, crawler loaders are capable of
maneuvering across the entire construction site
under its own power, whereas most hydraulic
excavators require towing or transport. While
crawler tractors are still being manufactured today
for niche markets, they reached their peak of
popularity in the 1960s
13. BACKHOE
A backhoe, also called a rear
actor or back actor, is a
piece of excavating
equipment or digger
consisting of a digging
bucket on the end of a two
part articulated arm. They
are typically mounted on the
back of a tractor or front
loader
14. BACKHOE The section of the arm closest to
the vehicle is known as the
boom, and the section which
carries the bucket is known as
the dipper or dipper stick. The
boom is attached to the vehicle
through a pivot known as the
kingpost, which allows the arm
to slew left and right, usually
through a total of around 200
degrees. Modern backhoes are
powered by hydraulics
15. BULLDOZERS
A bulldozer is a crawler
(continuous tracked tractor)
equipped with a substantial
metal plate (known as a
blade) used to push large
quantities of soil, sand,
rubble, or other such
material during construction
or conversion work and
typically equipped at the rear
with a claw-like device
(known as a ripper) to
loosen densely-compacted
materials
16. TRENCHERS
Trenchers, or ditchers as
they are sometimes called,
are similar to excavators in
the sense that they penetrate
the earth, breaking soil and
rock, and remove it from the
ground. They differ from
excavators in that the soil is
removed in one continuous
movement. Trenchers are
specifically used for digging
trenches for pipes, but other
machines have been
improvised in the past
17. TRENCHERS
Trenchers can come in two
types
ladder trenchers and
wheel trenchers, and
can dig trenches at speeds
that other machines cannot
compare to
18. SCRAPERS
In civil engineering, a wheel
tractor-scraper is a piece of
heavy equipment used for
earthmoving
The rear part has a vertically
moveable hopper (also
known as the bowl) with a
sharp horizontal front edge.
The hopper can be
hydraulically lowered and
raised. When the hopper is
lowered, the front edge cuts
into the soil or clay like a
plane and fills the hopper
19. SCRAPERS
When the hopper is full it is
raised, and closed with a
vertical blade (known as the
apron). The scraper can
transport its load to the fill
area where the blade is
raised, the back panel of the
hopper, or the ejector, is
hydraulically pushed forward
and the load tumbles out.
Then the empty scraper
returns to the cut site and
repeats the cycle
20. WHEELED
LOADING
SHOVELS
A power shovel (also
stripping shovel or front
shovel or electric mining
shovel) is a bucket-
equipped machine, usually
electrically powered, used
for digging and loading
earth or fragmented rock
and for mineral extraction
A shovel's work cycle, or
digging cycle, consists of
four phases
digging swinging
dumping returning
21. CONSTRUCTION VEHICLES
Engineering or Construction vehicles are heavy-
duty vehicles, specially designed for executing
construction (Civil engineering) tasks, most
frequently, ones involving earth moving
22. DUMPERS
A dumper is a vehicle
designed for carrying bulk
material, often on building
sites. Dumpers are
distinguished from dump
trucks by configuration: a
dumper is usually an open 4-
wheeled vehicle with the
load skip in front of the
driver, while a dump truck
has its cab in front of the
load
23. DUMPERS
The skip can tip to dump the
load; this is where the name
"dumper" comes from. They
are normally diesel powered.
A towing eye is fitted for
secondary use as a site
tractor. Modern dumpers
have payloads of up to 10
tones and usually steer by
articulating at the middle of
the chassis
24. TIPPERS
A truck or lorry the rear
platform of which can be
raised at the front end to
enable the load to be
discharged by gravity also
called tip truck
25. TIPPERS
Tippers are suited for the
rough and tumble of mining
& quarrying operations, as
well as for carrying bulk
loads in construction and
infrastructure industries.
Complete maneuverability,
high performance and long-
term endurance are common
to all trucks, resulting in
lower operating costs
26. TRAILERS
A trailer is generally an
unpowered vehicle pulled
by a powered vehicle
Commonly, the term trailer
refers to such vehicles used
for transport of goods and
materials
28. CRANES
A crane is a type of machine,
generally equipped with a
hoist, wire ropes or chains,
and sheaves, that can be used
both to lift and lower
materials and to move them
horizontally. It is mainly used
for lifting heavy things and
transporting them to other
places.
29. CRANES It uses one or more simple
machines to create
mechanical advantage and
thus move loads beyond the
normal capability of a man.
Cranes are commonly
employed in the transport
industry for the loading and
unloading of freight, in the
construction industry for the
movement of materials and
in the manufacturing industry
for the assembling of heavy
equipment.
30. CONVEYORS
A conveyor system is a
common piece of mechanical
handling equipment that moves
materials from one location to
another. Conveyors are
especially useful in applications
involving the transportation of
heavy or bulky materials.
Conveyor systems allow quick
and efficient transportation for
a wide variety of materials,
which make them very popular
in the material handling and
packaging industries
31. FORKLIFTS
A forklift truck (also called a
lift truck, a fork truck, a
forklift, or a tow-motor) is a
powered industrial truck used
to lift and transport materials.
Forklift trucks are available
in many variations and load
capacities. In a typical
warehouse setting most
forklifts used have load
capacities between one to five
tons. Larger machines, up to
50 tons lift capacity are used
for lifting heavier loads.
32. HOISTS
A hoist is a device used for
lifting or lowering a load by
means of a drum or liftwheel
around which rope or chain
wraps. It may be manually
operated, electrically or
pneumatically driven and may
use chain, fiber or wire rope
as its lifting medium. The load
is attached to the hoist by
means of a lifting hook
33. HOISTS
Also known as a Man-Lift, Buckhoist, temporary
elevator, builder hoist, passenger hoist or
construction elevator, this type of hoist is
commonly used on large scale construction
projects, such as high-rise buildings or major
hospitals. There are many other uses for the
construction elevator.
Many other industries use the buckhoist for full
time operations. The purpose is being to carry
personnel, materials, and equipment quickly
between the ground and higher floors, or between
floors in the middle of a structure
35. TUNNELING &
HANDLING
EQUIPMENTS
A tunnel boring machine
(TBM) also known as a "mole",
is a machine used to excavate
tunnels with a circular cross
section through a variety of soil
and rock strata. They can bore
through anything from hard rock
to sand. Tunnel diameters can
range from a meter (done with
micro-TBMs) to 19.25 m to
date. Tunnels of less than a
meter or so in diameter are
typically done using trenchless
construction methods or
horizontal directional drilling
rather than TBMs.
36. CONCRETE
MIXERS
A concrete mixer (also
commonly called a cement
mixer) is a device that
homogeneously combines
cement, aggregate such as sand
or gravel, and water to form
concrete. A typical concrete
mixer uses a revolving drum to
mix the components. For
smaller volume works portable
concrete mixers are often used
so that the concrete can be
made at the construction site,
giving the workers ample time
to use the concrete before it
hardens.
37. CONCRETE
MIXERS
Special concrete transport
trucks (in–transit mixers) are
made to transport and mix
concrete up to the construction
site. They can be charged with
dry materials and water, with
the mixing occurring during
transport. With this process,
the material has already been
mixing. The concrete mixing
transport truck maintains the
material's liquid state through
agitation, or turning of the
drum, until delivery.
38. COMPACTORS
A compactor is a machine or
mechanism used to reduce the
size of waste material or soil
through compaction.
In construction, there are three
main types of compactor: the
plate compactor, the "Jumping
Jack" and the road roller. The
roller type compactors are
used for compacting crushed
rock as the base layer
underneath concrete or stone
foundations or slabs.
39. COMPACTORS
The plate compactor has a
large vibrating base plate and
is suited for creating a level
grade, while the jumping
jack compactor has a smaller
foot. The jumping jack type
is mainly used to compact
the backfill in narrow
trenches for water or gas
supply pipes etc. Road rollers
may also have vibrating
rollers.
40. PAVERS
A paver (paver finisher,
asphalt finisher, paving
machine) is an engineering
vehicle used to lay asphalt on
roadways. It is normally fed
by a dump truck. A separate
machine, a roller, is then used
to press the hot asphalt mix,
resulting a smooth, even
surface. The sub-base being
prepared by use of a grader to
trim crushed sto
41. SPRAYING &
PLASTERING
MACHINES
Plaster spraying allows a
plasterer to skim a drywall
more than five times faster
than using a hand float to
apply it. Although classic
gypsum-based plaster can be
sprayed if it is "spray grade,"
most plaster sprayers prefer the
organic-based premixed plaster
packaged in a plastic bag
because the plaster spraying
machine does not need to be
cleaned out after the job is
finished, providing that plaster
is kept moist.
42. Worm-drive pump
Most commonly, sprayers
have a worm-drive pump that
pumps the plaster up to a
spray gun that has a large
nozzle, usually 4 to 8 mm, that
extrudes the plaster into a
chamber on the end of the
gun.
Piston pump
Newer types of plaster sprayer
have a piston pump, which has
sufficient pressure to spray
smooth (untextured) plaster
without compressed air.
SPRAYING &
PLASTERING
MACHINES
43. ROAD ROLLER
A road roller (sometimes
called a roller-compactor, or
just roller) is a compactor
type engineering vehicle
used to compact soil, gravel,
concrete, or asphalt in the
construction of roads and
foundations, similar rollers
are used also at landfills or in
agriculture.
44. STONE CRUSHERS
A crusher is a machine
designed to reduce large rocks
into smaller rocks, gravel, or
rock dust. Crushers may be
used to reduce the size, or
change the form, of waste
materials so they can be more
easily disposed of or recycled,
or to reduce the size of a solid
mix of raw materials (as in
rock ore), so that pieces of
different composition can be
differentiated.
45. SLURRY&
HEAVY
DUTY PUMPS
A Slurry pump is a type of
centrifugal pump in physics
principle that increases the
pressure of liquid and solid
particle mixture (aka slurry),
through centrifugal force (a
rotating impeller) and converts
electrical energy into slurry
potential and kinetic energy.
A pump is a device used to
move fluids, such as liquids,
gases or slurries. A pump
displaces a volume by physical
or mechanical action.