The document provides an overview of electric cranes, including their structure, types, operation, and maintenance. It discusses various crane types such as overhead cranes, mobile cranes, rough terrain cranes, all-terrain cranes, tower cranes, floating cranes, and gantry cranes. Electric cranes offer advantages over other cranes as they are more environmentally friendly and quiet. The document also outlines crane safety tips and maintenance.

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Presentation on Electric CRANES
By: John Jerome Ampah
OVERVIEW
 What is a crane
 Structure of a crane
 Various types of cranes
 Short video clip
 Crane Safety
 Video clip
 Crane Safety Tips
 What is an Electric Crane
 Types and Application of an electric crane
 Operation of an electric cranes
 Electric cranes speed control and braking
 Multi-speed magnetic control
 Adjustable Frequency Control
 Electric Cranes Maintenance
 Electric Cranes diagrams
 Electric Cranes protection circuit
MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRIC CRANE
Cranes are industrial machines that are mainly used for materials movements and handling of
heavy loads in construction sites, production halls, assembly lines, storage areas, power stations
and similar places. Their design features vary widely according to their major operational
specifications such as: type of motion of the crane structure, weight and type of the load, location
of the crane, geometric features, operating regimes and environmental conditions.

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The invention of cranes made things easy for humankind because without them, loading,
unloading, and lifting had to be done by human hands, would consume more time, and the entire
system was not efficient at all.
The ancient Greeks invented the first construction crane hundreds of years ago. Modern day
construction cranes are huge, taking up tons of material hundreds of meters in height. For high
end infrastructure projects, tower cranes are used that have a reach as high as 800 meters
Cranes have been a useful construction and manufacturing tool for centuries. This simple device
has gone through many changes to adapt to the needs of its users, and an electric crane is one of
the more recent technological developments.
These tools are smaller than enormous construction cranes and come in two distinct types that
assist with small, precise jobs: the jib crane and the overhead crane. The electric crane also is
renowned for being more environmentally friendly and quiet than other types of lifting devices.
Structure of a crane
The structure of a crane can be mainly divided into six sections
 Boom system
 Electrical system
 Hydraulic system
 Turntable assembly
 Operator’s cab
 Chassis.
The boom system mainly comprises the main boom, jib, telescopic mechanism
and boom end sheave.
The electrical system of superstructure primarily comprises the electrical systems
of main boom, jib and turntable.
The chassis comprises the body structure, transmission system, steering system,
brake system, traveling system, chassis electrical system as well as the hydraulic
system of undercarriages.
The first known construction cranes were invented by the Ancient Greeks and were powered by
men or beasts of burden, such as donkeys. These cranes were used for the construction of tall
buildings. Larger cranes were later developed, employing the use of human treadwheels,
permitting the lifting of heavier weights.
VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF CRANE

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WHEEL MOUNTED CRANE
OVERHEAD CRANES

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There are so many types of cranes based on method of work.
 Vehicle Mounted Crane
 Tower Crane
 Rough Terrain Crane
 Crawler Crane
 All Terrain Crane
 Railroad Crane
 Telescopic Handler Crane
 Harbor Cranes
 Floating Crane
 Aerial Crane
 Telescopic Crane
 Level Luffing Cranes

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OVERHEAD CRANES
These types of cranes are also known as suspended cranes or bridge cranes. They are
generally used in a factory and some are able to lift very heavy loads. The hoist of the
crane is set on a trolley that will move in one direction along a beam, sometimes two
beams. They move at angles to the direction along the elevated or ground level tracks.
The tracks are usually mounted along the side of an assembly area.
This type of crane is also known as suspended crane or bridge crane, and it is where the
hook-and-line mechanism runs along a horizontal beam that itself runs along two widely
separated rails. Often it is in a long factory building and runs along rails along the building's two
long walls. It is similar to a gantry crane. Overhead cranes typically consist of either a single
beam or a double beam construction.

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Overhead crane being used in typical machine shop. The hoist is operated via a wired
pushbutton station to move system and the load in any direction
MOBILE
This is the most basic type of crane and consists of a steel truss (a structure that "consists of two-
force members only, where the members are organized so that the assemblage as a whole behaves
as a single object) or telescopic boom mounted on some kind of mobile platform. This platform
could be wheeled, a rail or even a cat truck. Mobile cranes offer a number of advantages over
fixed cranes. They are easy to get to the job site, require little set up and can deal with a variety of
terrain and specific site issues. There are more than a dozen different types of mobile cranes.

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TRUCK MOUNTED CRANE
These types of cranes are mounted on a rubber tire truck and provide excellent mobility.
It is adaptable to a wide-range of jobs, can hoist between 14.5 and 1,300 short tons, and
can drive down the highway rather than having to be transported. Many truck-mounted
cranes can swivel a full 360 degrees.

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SIDE LIFTER CRANE
A side lifter crane is a road-going truck or semi-trailer, able to hoist and transport ISO
standard containers. Container lift is done with parallel crane-like hoists, which can lift a
container from the ground or from a railway vehicle.
It is crane is permanently-mounted on the top of a flatbed truck or a railroad car. These types of
cranes are most often used to load and unload containers, but can also have some construction
applications.

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ROUGH TERRAIN CRANE
A crane mounted on an undercarriage with four rubber tires that is designed for pick-and-carry
operations and for off-road and "rough terrain" applications. Outriggers are used to level and
stabilize the crane for hoisting.
These telescopic cranes are single-engine machines, with the same engine powering the
undercarriage and the crane, similar to a crawler crane.

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ALL TERRAIN CRANE
A mobile crane with the necessary equipment to travel at speed on public roads, and on rough
terrain at the job site using all-wheel and crab steering. It combine the readability of Truck-
mounted Cranes and the maneuverability of Rough Terrain Cranes.
It is having more number of wheels than normal vehicle and they balance the vehicle without
overturning in rough terrains. So we can use this crane instead of both truck mounted crane and
rough terrain crane for dual purpose.

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PICK AND CARRY CRANE
A Pick and Carry Crane is similar to a mobile crane in that is designed to travel on public roads,
however Pick and Carry cranes have no stabilizer legs or outriggers and are designed to lift the
load and carry it to its destination, within a small radius, then be able to drive to the next job.

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TELESCOPIC HANDLER CRANE
A telescopic handler, also called a telehandler, teleporter, or boom lift, is a machine widely used
in agriculture and industry. It is somewhat like a forklift but has a boom, making it more
a crane than a forklift, with the increased versatility of a single telescopic or articulating boom
that can extend

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CRAWLER CRANE
A crawler crane is a movable crane but the movement of vehicle is done by tracks.
Because of these tracks they do not require outriggers for stability. Their lifting
capacity is very high (40 tons to 3500 tons). Because of tracked system it can move

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to any site even in soft soils. It is capable of traveling with load, it is used for heavy
load transport in the construction site.
Crawler cranes have both advantages and disadvantages depending on their use.
Their main advantage is that they can move around on site and perform each lift with
little set-up, since the crane is stable on its tracks with no outriggers. Thus a crawler
crane can move about an unprepared job site with less risk of getting stuck in soft
ground. In addition, a crawler crane is capable of traveling with a load.
The main disadvantage is that they are very heavy, and cannot easily be moved from
one job site to another without significant expense. Typically, a large crawler must
be disassembled and moved by trucks, rail cars or ships to its next location.

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HARBOR CRANES
Harbor cranes are provided in port areas for loading and unloading of ships.

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RAILROAD CRANE
Railroad cranes are generally used for construction of railway line, repairing and maintaining of
railroad. These are having flanged wheels at its bottom which can be moved in rail track only.

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FLOATING CRANE
Floating cranes are required for bridge construction, port construction, but they are also used for
occasional loading and unloading of especially heavy or awkward loads on and off ships. So these
are also useful to lift sunk ships from water.

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AERIAL CRANE
Aerial crane ( flying crane) or 'Sky cranes' usually are designed to lift large loads. Helicopters are
able to travel to and lift in areas that are difficult to reach by conventional cranes. Helicopter cranes
are most commonly used to lift units/loads onto shopping centers and high rises. They also perform
disaster relief after natural disasters for clean-up, and during wild-fires they are able to carry huge
buckets of water to extinguish fires.
Some aerial cranes, mostly concepts, have also used lighter-than air aircraft, such as airships.

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TOWER CRANE
Tower cranes are one of the widely used cranes now a day. For constructing tall buildings, these
type of cranes are used.
Fixed to the ground on a concrete slab (and sometimes attached to the sides of structures), tower
cranes often give the best combination of height and lifting capacity and are used in the
construction of tall buildings.

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LEVEL LUFFING CRANES
Level luffing crane has a hinged jib which will move up and down, and this up and down
movement enhances the crane arm to move inwards and outwards. It is used in shipyards to place
containers or to unload ships.

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GANTRY CRANES
Gantry cranes are a type of crane built atop a gantry, which is a structure used to straddle an
object or workspace. They are also called portal cranes, the "portal" being the empty space
straddled by the gantry.

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Portable Gantry Crane

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SINGLE GIRDER GANTRY CRANE
JIB CRANE
A jib crane is a type of crane where a horizontal member (jib or boom), supporting a moveable
hoist, is fixed to a wall or to a floor-mounted pillar. Jib cranes are used in industrial premises and
on military vehicles. The jib may swing through an arc, to give additional lateral movement, or be
fixed. Similar cranes, often known simply as hoists, were fitted on the top floor of warehouse
buildings to enable goods to be lifted to all floors.

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STACKER CRANE
A crane with a forklift type mechanism used in automated (computer controlled) warehouse
(known as an automated storage and retrieval system). The crane moves on a track in an aisle of
the warehouse.
The fork can be raised or lowered to any of the levels of a storage rack and can be extended into
the rack to store and retrieve product. Stacker cranes are often used in the large freezer
warehouses of frozen food manufacturers. This automation avoids requiring forklift drivers to
work in below freezing temperatures every day.

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