Situation of land holding in India….
Problems….
Solution….
-Multi layer farming….
Project introduction
Selected crop information
Project description
Basic principle of multi-layer farming
Benefits of multi layer farming
Conclusion
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
multi-layer farming system
1.
2. PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
PARUL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
FINAL YEAR (7TH SEM) PROJECT PRESENTATION
NAVIN RAMWANI – 170305110014
KHUSHI SAINI – 170305110015
DARSHAN ACHARYA – 170305110022
PROJECT GUIDE
- DR. S.S TRIPATHI
4. •Situation of land holding in India….
•Problems….
•Solution….
-Multi layer farming….
• Project introduction
•Selected crop information
•Project description
•Basic principle of multi-layer
farming
•Benefits of multi layer farming
•Conclusion
5. SITUATION OF LAND HOLDING
IN INDIA
The average size of land holdings was 2.28 hectares in 1970-71 which was reduced to
1.82 hectares in 1980-81 and 1.50 hectares in 1995-96 . The size of the holdings
will further decrease with the infinite sub – division of the land holdings.
The number of small and marginal agricultural land holdings in the country (known as
operational holdings) has registered a marginal increase in 2015-16 compared to
2010-11. This means that there are more people who now own smaller parcels of
agricultural land. The average size of the Indian farmland shrank by over six per
cent between 2010-11 and 2015-16, with operational holding in the country dropping
to 1.08 hectares from 1.15 hectares in 2010-11, provisional estimate of the first
phase of the 10th agricultural census.
The problem of small and fragmented holdings is more serious in densely populated
and intensively cultivated sates like Kerala, West Bengal, Bihar and eastern part of
Uttar Pradesh where the average size of land holdings is less than one hectare and
in certain parts it is less than even 0.5 hectare.
14. MULTI-STORIED /MULTI-TIER /MULTI-LAYER
FARMING (SYSTEM)
Multilayer farming refers to growing different vegetables on the same plot at a time.
This helps smallholder farmers grow various seasonal vegetables and horticultural
crops throughout the year while ensuring food and nutritional security for the
household.
Multi-layer farming is mostly cash crop based and it includes a combination of
vegetables and fruits that can be grown together. In multi-layer farming , the crops
are grown at different heights on the same land. This farming cannot be done in
open fields as shade is required.
Sowing is done in a strategic manner so that multiple crops including fruits,
vegetables and flower crops could be grown together in the plot. The rain pipe
irrigation method, which uses less water, and organic farming practices are
adopted. Apart from these basics, there is a bit of science behind the practice and
activities that are part of multilayer farming. One needs to ensure the process is
sustainable, organic, and productive in the face of the unfolding climate crisis too.
15.
16. INTRODUCTION
An above described project is based on to ultimate benefits of farmers & its an
utilization of whole land area with appropriate climate.
As we have taken a 1 acre land on experiment basis and grown 5 different varieties if
crops including tuber(ginger), herbage(spinach), layer (tobacco) , tendrils(ivy gourd),
top tree(papaya) and border line tree(Neem).
By implement of multi-layer farming method also we get off season ginger as it is a
basic use in day to day life. If we see spinach it is a cash crop 30 to 40 days needed
to harvest and farmers will get on hand cash as he sell this commodities. Papaya
having a deep root is absorbs bottom level moisture of soil and water is utilized well.
Neem is used as to border, a farm area of 1 acre as mentioned and ivy gourd is a
whale vegetable placed with the help of bamboo.
This entire view ensures that a farmer can double the annual income as in this
mentioned farm the proper utilization of water, land and other resources are
involved.
17. Ginger
•Scientific name : zingiber officinale
•Crop spacing : 20.20 cm ( l.b)
4 to 5 cm ( depth )
60 to 90 cm
•Crop capacity 4 to 5 tones ( per acre )
• root depth : less than 12cm
•Harvesting period : 8 to 10 months
•Water requirement : 1300-1500 mm
( per crop cycle )
Papaya
•Scientific name : carica papaya
•Crop spacing : 1.6m . 1.6m ( l.b)
18 to 22 inches ( depth )
7.6m ( height )
•Crop capacity : 1000 to 1100 plants
50 to 60 tonnes per acre
•Root depth : 2m
•Harvesting period : 6 to 9 moths
•Water requirement : 25 to 30 litre per
day
18. Spinach
•Scientific name : spinacia oleracea
•Crop spacing : 20-25 cm ( depth )
30 cm ( height )
•Crop capacity : 125
•Soil type :
•Harvesting period : 25 – 30 days
after sowing
•Water requirement : 60 to 100 m
( per crop cycle )
Tobacco
•Scientific name : nicotiana tabacum
•Crop spacing : 80 cm . 80 cm
15-20 cm ( height )
•Crop capacity : 10-125 ( cartloads
per
•Soil type : sandy loam soil
•Harvesting period : 90-100 days
•Water requirement : 110.0 to 186.6
mm
19. Neem
•Scientific name : azadirachta indica
•Crop spacing : 10.10 m ( border )
30 m ( height )
•Crop capacity : 430 trees per acre
•Root depth : 2.5-3 feet
•Harvesting period : 2-3 years
•Water requirement : 450 to 1200 mm
( per year )
Ivy gourd
•Scientific name : coccinia grandis
•Crop spacing : 60.60 cm(l.b)
40 feet (height)
3inch (depth)
•Crop capacity : 90-120 kg/acre
•Harvesting period : 3 months
•Water requirement : light
21. ▪ Total land approx 1 acre
▪ In meter :60×60m
▪ Total beds : 49 bed in 196 foot (60 m)
Bamboo :- 7 feet distance
Total :- 28 bamboo per bed
Papaya :- 10 feet distance
Total :- 19 papaya plant per bed
22. Ginger :- 3 layer per bed
Total :- 200 plants per layer
= total 600 plants
Spinach :- 3 layer per bed
Total :- 200 plants per layer
= total 600 plants
Tobacco :- 1 layer per bed
Total :- 78 plants
Ivy gourd :- two plant per bamboo
in per bed
Total:- 56 ivy gourd per bed
Total number of crops
o total papaya = 931
plants(19×49)
o total ginger= 29,400
plants(600×49)
oSpinach = 29400 plants
(600×49)
oTobacco = 3822 plants
(78×49)
oIvy gourd= 2744
plants(56×49)
23.
24.
25. Basic principles of multi-layer farming
Multilayer farming is also integrated farming which depends on the principle of
total utilization of water, manure, and land and to obtain more production per
unit area.
•Opportunities for crop diversification on scientific, ecological and economic
principles
•Maximum system productivity
•Utilization of resources with higher efficiency
•Intensive input use
•Sustainability of farm resources and environment on long term perspective.
•This system mostly comprises an overstory of trees or shrubs with an understory
of economic or forage crops .Tree to tree distance can be wide enough to let
sufficient light through to understory crops.
26. BENEFITS OF MULTI-LAYER FARMING
•Good utilization of soil, water, and other resources.
•Reduces whether the effect on crop field and improves the soil
characteristics.
•Keep ecological balance in the environment.
•Prevent water evaporation from the soi; as an 70% of wather is saved.
•The income per unit area increase substantially with this system and
ensures a more evenly distribution of income and employment throughout
the year from harvesting several crops in a different season.
•Minimize risks of crops yield loss and this method enables a steady supply
of farm products the whole round the year.
•Generates jobs and provides better labour use pattern.
27. •Reduces the impact of hazards such as high-intensity rainfall, soil
erosion, and landslides.
•Well utilizes the soil moisture at different depths of soil and catches
solar energy at different heights.
•Natural resources are utilized accurately.
•Improves the soil characteristics and adds organic matter to the soil.
•Effective utilization of leaching materials and helps in effective weed
control .
•Crops can be developed according to market preference.
•Higher production as the cultivation procedure is accelerated .
•Reduces some pests and diseases, and weed does not come out.
Increase biodiversity which can reduce pest and disease pressure.
•Provide micro-climate conditions that advantage crops underneath.
28. CONCLUSION
Majority of farmers of this country are small and marginal. Most of
farmers cultivate seasonal crop with traditional agriculture practice. It
is an innovation to evaluate the agriculture practices. It is big scope
behind the farmer to earn more income. Small and marginal farmers
can earn much more income by cultivating in small piece of land by
using this technique. Multilayer farming opens a new door for farmer
to earn whole round the year and low risk to loss or failure of crop. So,
it is necessary to introduce the farmer with multilayer farming system
to improve our farmer’s condition.
