The document discusses congenital heart defects, including their etiology, classification, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and management. Some of the specific defects covered include ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia, transposition of the great arteries, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, truncus arteriosus, pulmonary stenosis, aortic stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta. The document is authored by Jerin.T.S, a 3rd year BSC Nursing student at KRSMCON Mangalore.

1. JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

2. ETIOLOGY
 Unknown
 Maternal rubella and teratogenic viral infections like herpes simplex
 Teratogenic effects of Drugs such as thalidomide consumed during
pregnancy and alchohol
 Maternal insulin dependent diabetes
 Family history
 Genetic factors ,genetic disease like Marfan syndrome, Holt –Orams
syndrome .turners syndrome, Williams syndrome
 Chromosomal defects
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

3. CLASSIFICATION
 Acyanotic (left- to -right shunt)
 Cyanotic (right –to-left shunt)
 Obstructive
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

4. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Many congenital heart defects have few or no signs or symptoms
 depend on the number, type, and severity of the defects.
 Tachypnoea and tachy cardia
 Recurrent respiratory infections
 Cyanosis (a bluish tint to the skin, lips, and fingernails) and
polycythemia
 Tissue hypoxia
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

5. CONTINUE………………….
 Fatigue (tiredness),decreased exercise tolerance
 Abnormal heart sounds-murmers
 Growth retardation
 Cardiac failure
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

6. DIAGNOSIS
 Physical Exam
 Diagnostic Tests
Echo cardiography
EKG (Electrocardiogram
Chest X Ray
Pulse Oximetry
Cardiac Catheterization
Blood studies
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

7. VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

8. MANAGEMENT
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

9. ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

10.  Ostium primum –opening at lower end of septum
 Ostium secundum –opening near centrte of septum
 Sinus venous defect –opening near junction of
superior venacava and right atrium
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

11. ATRIOVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

12. PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

13. MANAGEMENT
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

14. TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
The classic forms includes four defects
 Ventricular septal defect
 Pulmonic stenosis
 Over riding of aorta
 Right ventricular hypertrophy
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

15. JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

16. MANAGEMENT
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

17. JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

18. TRICUSPID ATRESIA
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

19. TRANSPOSITION OF GREAT
ARTERIES
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

20. RESTELLIS OPERATION
The Rastelli Operation is a procedure in which a valved or unvalved conduit is
inserted to connect the pulmonary artery to the anatomical right ventricle
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

21. HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART
SYNDROME
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

22. JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

23. TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

24. PULMONARY STENOSIS
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

25. AIORTIC STENOSIS
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

26. JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

27. COARTATION OF AIORTA
JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672

28. JERIN.T.S, 3RD YEAR BSC NURSING, KRSMCON MANGALORE. PH:+919496743672