This document provides information on the three main types of conditionals in English: - Zero conditional refers to real and general situations, using the present tense in both clauses. - First conditional refers to likely future events, using the present tense in the if-clause and will + verb in the main clause. - Second conditional refers to unlikely or imaginary situations, using the past tense in the if-clause and would + verb in the main clause. Examples and exercises are provided to illustrate the use of each conditional.

1. PI_Conditionals_Type012_RulesExercises
CONDITIONALS:CONDITIONALS:
Types 0, 1, 2Types 0, 1, 2
Prepared by: Elif ÖzsoğukPrepared by: Elif Özsoğuk
KadrizadeKadrizade

2. CONDITIONALSCONDITIONALS
 Zero Conditional:Zero Conditional: “Real condition”“Real condition”
 First Conditional:First Conditional: “Real and likely”“Real and likely”
 Second Conditional:Second Conditional: “Unreal and unlikely”“Unreal and unlikely”
(but may be likely in the future)(but may be likely in the future)

3. Zero ConditionalZero Conditional

4. Zero Conditional:Zero Conditional: “Real condition”“Real condition”
 ThThe zero conditional is used to talk about thingse zero conditional is used to talk about things
which are always true — such as scientific facts andwhich are always true — such as scientific facts and
general truths.general truths.
 It is also used to talk about what youIt is also used to talk about what you normallynormally do indo in
real-life situations.real-life situations.
““if” clauseif” clause main clausemain clause
If youIf you heatheat water to 100 degrees,water to 100 degrees, itit boilsboils..
If the weatherIf the weather isis nice,nice, II walkwalk to work.to work.

5. Zero ConditionalZero Conditional
 It has the same meaning asIt has the same meaning as “when” or “whenever”:“when” or “whenever”:
If I go to school, I get up at seven.If I go to school, I get up at seven.
(Whenever I go to school, I get up at seven.)(Whenever I go to school, I get up at seven.)
 If theIf the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually“if” clause comes first, a comma is usually
used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is noused. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no
need for a comma:need for a comma:
If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
Water boils if you heat it to 100 degrees.Water boils if you heat it to 100 degrees.

6. Zero ConditionalZero Conditional
 We use the same verb form in each part ofWe use the same verb form in each part of
a zero conditional:a zero conditional: the simple presentthe simple present
tense.tense.
““if” clauseif” clause ifif + subject + simple present verb+ subject + simple present verb
main clausemain clause subject + simple present verbsubject + simple present verb

7. Zero ConditionalZero Conditional
Match the following:Match the following:
1-1- Wood doesnWood doesn’t burn’t burn
2-2- If my son eats too muchIf my son eats too much
chocolate,chocolate,
3-3- If I go out,If I go out,
4-4- Ice floatsIce floats
5-5- If there is a schoolIf there is a school
holiday,holiday,
A- I always lock the door.A- I always lock the door.
B- I always go to Datça.B- I always go to Datça.
C- if you drop it in water.C- if you drop it in water.
D- he gets sick.D- he gets sick.
E- if there is no air.E- if there is no air.

8. First ConditionalFirst Conditional

9. First ConditionalFirst Conditional:: “Real and likely““Real and likely“
 The first conditional is used to talk aboutThe first conditional is used to talk about
things which are possible in the present or thethings which are possible in the present or the
future — things whichfuture — things which may happen.may happen.
 1st conditional is used for1st conditional is used for ““real lifereal life”” situations.situations.
““if” clauseif” clause main clausemain clause
If itIf it isis sunny,sunny, wewe willwill go to the park thisgo to the park this
weekend.weekend.
If heIf he studiesstudies hard,hard, hehe'll'll pass all the exams thispass all the exams this
term.term.

10. First ConditionalFirst Conditional
 We make if clauses with if + present tense andWe make if clauses with if + present tense and
main clauses with will + bare infinitive.main clauses with will + bare infinitive.
““if” clauseif” clause ifif + subject + simple present verb+ subject + simple present verb
main clausemain clause subject + will + bare infinitivesubject + will + bare infinitive

11. First ConditionalFirst Conditional
Match the following:Match the following:
1- If we go by plane,1- If we go by plane,
2- If you don2- If you don’t hurry,’t hurry,
3- If I go on a diet,3- If I go on a diet,
4- If it rains,4- If it rains,
5- If the dog keeps barking,5- If the dog keeps barking,
6- If he arrives late for work6- If he arrives late for work
again,again,
7- If she doesn7- If she doesn’t do her’t do her
homework,homework,
A-A- I will stay at home.I will stay at home.
B-B- the neighbours will complain.the neighbours will complain.
C-C-the boss will be angry.the boss will be angry.
D-D-you will be late.you will be late.
E-E- her teacher will be angry.her teacher will be angry.
F-F- it will be more expensive.it will be more expensive.
G-G-I will lose weight.I will lose weight.

12. Second ConditionalSecond Conditional
If I had enough money, I would buy a Harley.If I had enough money, I would buy a Harley.

13. Second ConditionalSecond Conditional:: “Unreal and unlikely”“Unreal and unlikely”
 The Second Conditional is used to talk about whatThe Second Conditional is used to talk about what
you would generally do in imaginary or unlikelyyou would generally do in imaginary or unlikely
situations.situations.
 In these examples, I don’t expect to help youIn these examples, I don’t expect to help you
(because I probably won’ have more time), and he(because I probably won’ have more time), and he
probably won’t win a million or start a business.probably won’t win a million or start a business.
““if” clauseif” clause main clausemain clause
If IIf I hadhad more time,more time, II would helpwould help you.you.
If heIf he wonwon a milliona million
dollars,dollars,
hehe would startwould start aa
business of his own.business of his own.

14. Second ConditionalSecond Conditional
 In the Second Conditional, the formIn the Second Conditional, the form ““waswas” is” is
not considered grammatically correct. Innot considered grammatically correct. In
written English or in testing situations, youwritten English or in testing situations, you
should always use “should always use “werewere”. However, in”. However, in
everyday conversation, “everyday conversation, “waswas” is often used.” is often used.
If heIf he werewere French, he would live in Paris.French, he would live in Paris.
I would play basketball if II would play basketball if I werewere taller.taller.

15. Second ConditionalSecond Conditional: "Unreal and unlikely": "Unreal and unlikely"
 We make if clauses with if + past tense andWe make if clauses with if + past tense and
main clauses with would + bare infinitivemain clauses with would + bare infinitive..
““if” clauseif” clause ifif + subject + simple past+ subject + simple past
main clausemain clause subject + would + verbsubject + would + verb

16. Second ConditionalSecond Conditional

17. Second ConditionalSecond Conditional
Match the following:Match the following:
1-1-If I had supernaturalIf I had supernatural
powers,powers,
2-2-If I earned a lot ofIf I earned a lot of
money,money,
3-3-He would be healthierHe would be healthier
4-4-If you woke up earlierIf you woke up earlier
this morning,this morning,
A-A- if he gave up smoking.if he gave up smoking.
B-B- you wouldnyou wouldn’t be late for’t be late for
work.work.
C-C- I would makeI would make
everybody healthy.everybody healthy.
D-D- I would buy a redI would buy a red
sports car.sports car.

18. Complete the sentencesComplete the sentences
with the verbs in parantheses.with the verbs in parantheses.
 1. If I have enough apples, I (bake)________an1. If I have enough apples, I (bake)________an
apple pie this afternoon.apple pie this afternoon.
 2. If I had enough apples, I (bake) ____________2. If I had enough apples, I (bake) ____________
an apple pie this afternoon.an apple pie this afternoon.
 3. I (make) _____ a tomato salad for the picnic3. I (make) _____ a tomato salad for the picnic
tomorrow if the tomatoes in my garden are ripe.tomorrow if the tomatoes in my garden are ripe.
 4. I (make) ____ a tomato salad for the picnic4. I (make) ____ a tomato salad for the picnic
tomorrow if the tomatoes in my garden were ripe.tomorrow if the tomatoes in my garden were ripe.

19.  5. Jack would shave today if he (have)_________5. Jack would shave today if he (have)_________
a sharp razor.a sharp razor.
 6. Jack will shave today if he (have) _________ a6. Jack will shave today if he (have) _________ a
sharp razor.sharp razor.
 7. Sally always answers the phone if she (be)7. Sally always answers the phone if she (be)
__________ in her office.__________ in her office.
 8. Sally would answer the phone if she (be)8. Sally would answer the phone if she (be)
____________ in her office right now.____________ in her office right now.
 9.I (not be)_______ a student in this class if9.I (not be)_______ a student in this class if
English (be) ____________ my native language.English (be) ____________ my native language.

20.  10. It's too bad Helen isn't here. If she (be)———10. It's too bad Helen isn't here. If she (be)———
here, she (know)________ what to do.here, she (know)________ what to do.
 11. You should tell your father exactly what11. You should tell your father exactly what
happened. If I (be)_______you, I (tell)happened. If I (be)_______you, I (tell)
_________him the truth as soon as possible._________him the truth as soon as possible.
 12. I'm almost ready to plant my garden. I have a12. I'm almost ready to plant my garden. I have a
lot of seeds. Maybe I have more than I need. If Ilot of seeds. Maybe I have more than I need. If I
(have) ________more seeds than I need, I(have) ________more seeds than I need, I
(give)________ some to Nellie.(give)________ some to Nellie.