Concrete technology syllabus
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This document provides an overview of a course on concrete technology. The main topics covered include properties and testing of cement and concrete, mix design, quality control procedures, and special types of concrete. The course aims to teach students how to determine properties of concrete ingredients, design economic mixes for different uses, supervise concreting operations, and use admixtures to improve concrete properties. It also covers cement composition and testing, workability, strength and durability of concrete, and considerations for concreting in extreme weather.
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Properties of fresh and Hardened Concrete
The document discusses various properties of fresh and hardened concrete. It describes workability, consistency, segregation, bleeding, mixing, placing, consolidating, and curing of fresh concrete. It also discusses compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, permeability, and durability of hardened concrete. The key properties of fresh concrete include workability, consistency, segregation, bleeding, setting time, and uniformity. Compressive strength is identified as the most important property of hardened concrete.
Compaction of concrete
This document discusses properties of concrete and compaction methods. It covers the importance of compacting concrete to remove air voids and increase strength. Methods of compaction include manual techniques like rodding and tamping as well as mechanical vibration using internal and external vibrators. Improper vibration can lead to defects like honeycombing or segregation. Newer techniques like self-compacting concrete use superplasticizers to reduce the need for external vibration during pouring and placement.
Quality control of concrete
This document discusses quality control of concrete through various tests on fresh and hardened concrete. It begins with an introduction to concrete and quality, then discusses where quality control begins in the production of materials and continues through handling, batching, mixing, transporting and placing concrete. Key tests on fresh concrete include slump and compacting factor tests, while tests on hardened concrete include compression, tensile strength, and flexural strength tests to evaluate the quality and strength of the concrete. The document also reviews materials used in concrete such as cement, water, aggregates, and admixtures.
Fresh concrete
This document discusses fresh concrete and factors that affect its workability. It describes workability as the ease with which concrete can be mixed, placed, and compacted. Key factors that influence workability include water content, aggregate size and shape, admixtures, aggregate surface texture, and aggregate grading. Common tests to measure workability are the slump test, compacting factor test, and VeeBee consistometer test. The document also covers segregation and bleeding of concrete, their causes, and methods to prevent them.
Concrete technology
Concrete is a widely used construction material consisting of cement, water, and aggregates. The strength of concrete is specified using its 28-day cube strength in N/sq.mm. Formwork is used to mold wet concrete into desired shapes and allow it to cure. Formwork design involves choosing traditional or systematic approaches using wood or steel components like props, beams, sheathing to form columns, walls, and beams until the concrete gains sufficient strength. Proper formwork is important for quality concrete finish and structural integrity.
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Mix design-ppt
The document discusses concrete mix design, including:
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- ACI and BIS methods are described for determining mix proportions based on factors like strength, workability, durability, and materials.
- A step-by-step example is provided to design a mix using the ACI method for a specified 30MPa strength, including determining water-cement ratio, volumes, and final proportions.
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This document discusses plain and reinforced cement concrete (PRC-I). It defines concrete as a mixture of cement, fine and coarse aggregates. PCC refers to plain cement concrete without reinforcement, while RCC contains reinforcement. Concrete is widely used in construction due to its strength and durability. Common tests on cement include consistency, initial setting time, and final setting time tests. Consistency determines the amount of water needed, while setting times indicate when the cement paste loses workability and gains hardness.
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The document discusses various properties of fresh and hardened concrete. It describes workability, consistency, segregation, bleeding, mixing, placing, consolidating, and curing of fresh concrete. It also discusses compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, permeability, and durability of hardened concrete. The key properties of fresh concrete include workability, consistency, segregation, bleeding, setting time, and uniformity. Compressive strength is identified as the most important property of hardened concrete.
Compaction of concrete
This document discusses properties of concrete and compaction methods. It covers the importance of compacting concrete to remove air voids and increase strength. Methods of compaction include manual techniques like rodding and tamping as well as mechanical vibration using internal and external vibrators. Improper vibration can lead to defects like honeycombing or segregation. Newer techniques like self-compacting concrete use superplasticizers to reduce the need for external vibration during pouring and placement.
Quality control of concrete
This document discusses quality control of concrete through various tests on fresh and hardened concrete. It begins with an introduction to concrete and quality, then discusses where quality control begins in the production of materials and continues through handling, batching, mixing, transporting and placing concrete. Key tests on fresh concrete include slump and compacting factor tests, while tests on hardened concrete include compression, tensile strength, and flexural strength tests to evaluate the quality and strength of the concrete. The document also reviews materials used in concrete such as cement, water, aggregates, and admixtures.
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This document discusses fresh concrete and factors that affect its workability. It describes workability as the ease with which concrete can be mixed, placed, and compacted. Key factors that influence workability include water content, aggregate size and shape, admixtures, aggregate surface texture, and aggregate grading. Common tests to measure workability are the slump test, compacting factor test, and VeeBee consistometer test. The document also covers segregation and bleeding of concrete, their causes, and methods to prevent them.
Concrete technology
Concrete is a widely used construction material consisting of cement, water, and aggregates. The strength of concrete is specified using its 28-day cube strength in N/sq.mm. Formwork is used to mold wet concrete into desired shapes and allow it to cure. Formwork design involves choosing traditional or systematic approaches using wood or steel components like props, beams, sheathing to form columns, walls, and beams until the concrete gains sufficient strength. Proper formwork is important for quality concrete finish and structural integrity.
Repair and Rehabilitation
The document discusses repair and rehabilitation of concrete structures. It describes various causes of distress in concrete structures including structural causes, errors in design/construction, chemical reactions, and weathering. It then outlines the evaluation process for repair projects, including visual inspection, non-destructive testing, and laboratory testing to determine the extent of damage and appropriate repair methods. Specific causes of reinforcement corrosion like cracks, moisture, and concrete permeability are explained along with remedial measures.
Mix design-ppt
The document discusses concrete mix design, including:
- Concrete is made from cement, aggregates, water, and sometimes admixtures.
- ACI and BIS methods are described for determining mix proportions based on factors like strength, workability, durability, and materials.
- A step-by-step example is provided to design a mix using the ACI method for a specified 30MPa strength, including determining water-cement ratio, volumes, and final proportions.
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This document discusses plain and reinforced cement concrete (PRC-I). It defines concrete as a mixture of cement, fine and coarse aggregates. PCC refers to plain cement concrete without reinforcement, while RCC contains reinforcement. Concrete is widely used in construction due to its strength and durability. Common tests on cement include consistency, initial setting time, and final setting time tests. Consistency determines the amount of water needed, while setting times indicate when the cement paste loses workability and gains hardness.
Special concrete
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Grouting
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2. There are different types of grouting materials and methods depending on the permeability and structure of the soil or rock.
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The document discusses factors that affect the strength of concrete, including water-cement ratio, aggregate-cement ratio, maximum aggregate size, and degree of compaction. It states that concrete strength is inversely proportional to water-cement ratio according to Abrams' law. A lower water-cement ratio and higher degree of compaction produce stronger concrete by reducing porosity. A leaner aggregate-cement ratio also increases strength by absorbing water and reducing shrinkage. Larger aggregate size can reduce water needs but may decrease strength by lowering surface area for bond development.
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Aggregates of Concrete
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a highly fluid concrete that can spread and consolidate under its own weight without vibration. It was developed in Japan in the 1980s to solve issues with vibration-induced segregation and the lack of skilled workers. SCC flows easily into formwork and passes through reinforcement without blocking. It has higher durability and quality than conventional concrete due to better compaction. SCC uses the same materials as regular concrete but requires superplasticizers and viscosity modifying agents to achieve flowability without segregation.
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2. There are different types of grouting materials and methods depending on the permeability and structure of the soil or rock.
3. Grouting is used for ground improvement on construction projects, fixing anchors, repairing defects, and other applications.
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Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) is a concrete that is mixed in a pugmill and placed with dump trucks and spread with bulldozers. It is compacted in lifts of 100-250mm thick using vibratory steel drum rollers. RCC does not require internal vibration and can be used for port, rail, highway, and industrial facilities. Some advantages are reduced cement, no formwork, and ability to maintain traffic flow during placement. Limitations include a rougher surface and difficulty compacting near edges.
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The document discusses factors that affect the strength of concrete, including water-cement ratio, aggregate-cement ratio, maximum aggregate size, and degree of compaction. It states that concrete strength is inversely proportional to water-cement ratio according to Abrams' law. A lower water-cement ratio and higher degree of compaction produce stronger concrete by reducing porosity. A leaner aggregate-cement ratio also increases strength by absorbing water and reducing shrinkage. Larger aggregate size can reduce water needs but may decrease strength by lowering surface area for bond development.
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Aggregates of Concrete
Aggregates make up 65-80% of concrete's volume and are inert fillers that float in the cement paste. Their characteristics impact the performance of fresh and hardened concrete. Aggregates are classified based on size, specific gravity, availability, shape, and texture. Proper aggregate grading leads to a dense, strong concrete mixture. The fineness modulus is a number that indicates an aggregate's grading, and the flakiness index measures elongated particles. Well-graded aggregates with low elongation produce high quality concrete.
TYPES OF TESTS ON CONCRETE
This document discusses the components, classification, properties, workability, and strength testing of concrete. Concrete is made up of cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, air, and water. It can be classified as hardened or fresh concrete. The properties of fresh concrete include workability, segregation, and bleeding, while hardened concrete properties include strength, impermeability, durability, and dimensional variations. Workability is tested using slump, compaction factor, and Vebe tests. Compressive strength of hardened concrete is tested using cube or cylinder tests.
1.1 box jacking
This document discusses different methods of constructing underground structures beneath existing surfaces without disrupting traffic, including box jacking, arched jacking, and thrust boring. Box jacking involves pushing pre-cast concrete boxes into the ground with hydraulic jacks to form the structure. Arched jacking and thrust boring use similar techniques to jack pipes through the ground. Freezing the soil is another method used to stabilize the ground and prevent issues like water seepage when constructing underground. Case studies demonstrate how these techniques have been applied to real projects.
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This document discusses techniques for underwater concrete construction. It covers topics such as concrete specifications, laying techniques using methods like tremie, bucket placing, and pump placement. Tremie placement is described as the standard method, involving pumping concrete through a watertight pipe. Concrete mixes for tremie placement require workability additives and a maximum aggregate size of 20mm. Repair works are also discussed, involving defining the repair area, cleaning, haulage, inspection, and environmental considerations.
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This document provides information on concrete mix design, including objectives, basic considerations, and the IS (Indian Standards) method for mix design. The objectives of mix design are to achieve the desired workability, strength, durability, and cost. Basic considerations include cost, specifications, workability, strength, durability, and aggregate grading. The IS method is then described in steps, including selecting target strength, water-cement ratio, air content, water and sand contents, cement content, and aggregate contents. An example application of the IS method is also provided.
Flow test of concrete
This document describes a flow test conducted to measure the workability of concrete. The test involves filling a slump cone with concrete, raising the cone to allow the concrete to spread across a flow table, and dropping the table 15 times. The average diameter of the spread concrete is then measured. The student conducted the test and found the average diameter was 565mm, within the acceptable range of 400-650mm for flowing concrete. The flow test is concluded to be a useful method for measuring the workability of high-slump concrete in both lab and field settings.
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NDT techniques can evaluate concrete structures in a non-destructive manner by assessing strength, quality, and durability without damaging the concrete. Some key NDT tests described in the document include rebound hammer testing to estimate concrete strength, UPV testing to evaluate homogeneity and detect cracks or voids, half-cell potential testing to assess corrosion risk, and cover meter testing to determine reinforcement location and concrete cover thickness. NDT allows for more extensive evaluation than destructive testing methods at a lower cost. Test results are influenced by factors like moisture, temperature, reinforcement properties, and concrete composition.
EFFECT OF W/C RATIO, ADMIXTURE, SIZE OF AGGREGATE ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF ...
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a highly flowable concrete that can spread into place and fill formwork without any mechanical consolidation. SCC was developed in Japan in the 1980s to overcome issues with inadequate consolidation of traditional vibrated concrete. SCC uses special admixtures and optimized aggregate gradation to achieve excellent flowability, passing ability, and segregation resistance. While SCC has higher material costs, it provides benefits of easier placement, improved quality, reduced labor requirements, and faster construction.
SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE. ppt.pptx
- The study aimed to determine the bond strength and chloride permeability of self-compacting concrete (SCC) compared to conventional concrete (CC).
- Materials were tested to determine properties and optimize an SCC mix with 20% fly ash replacement. Workability tests established acceptable SCC mixes.
- Mechanical properties like compressive and splitting tensile strength were found to be higher for SCC compared to CC at curing ages of 7, 14, and 28 days.
- Bond strength was evaluated through pullout tests and chloride permeability through rapid chloride permeability tests (RCPT), with results of SCC and CC compared.
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- 1. Course Title : CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY Course Code :- Cv-406 Semester :- 4th (Civil)
- 2. COURSE OUT COMES The Students will be able to • Determine the properties of concrete ingredients i.e. cement. sand. coarse aggregate by conducting different tests. • Use different types of cement as per their properties for different fields applications. • Design economic mix proportion for different exposure conditions and intended purposes. • Supervise various concreting operations.
- 3. COURSE OUT COMES (contd.) • Carry out field and laboratory tests on concrete in plastic and hardened stage. • Use different types of admixtures to improve the properties of concrete for different field applications. • Describe different types of concrete. • Infer the test results as per relevant I.S. provisions
- 4. INTRODUCTION • Definition of cement concrete • Composition of cement concrete • Advantages and disadvantages of concrete difference between regular concrete and advance concrete
- 5. CEMENT • Composition of cement • Physical properties of Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC) • Definition and process of hydration of cement, • Fineness, initial and final setting times, compressive strength • soundness of cement • Different grades of OPC and their specification as per BIS
- 6. CEMENT (CONTD.) • Composition of cement • Field & Laboratory tests of cement • Storing of cement at site and effect of storage of cement on • properties of concrete • Various types of cement • Difference between OPC and PPC • Quality of water to be used in concrete
- 7. PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE • Different grades of concrete (ordinary concrete, standard • concrete & high strength concrete as per provisions of IS (456- 2000) • Minimum grade of concrete for different exposure conditions • Minimum grade of concrete for R.C.C. • Durability of concrete
- 8. PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE • Definition of water-cement ratio and its significance • Selection of w/c ratio for different grades of concrete • prepared from different grades of OPC as per graphs • specified in IS 10262 -1982 • Maximum w/c ratio for different grades of concrete for • different exposure conditions. • Properties of fresh concrete
- 9. PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE • Definition of workability and factors affecting workability of concrete • Determination of workability of concrete by slump cone test • Range values of workability requirement for different types of concrete works • Concept of cohesiveness, segregation, harshness and bleeding • Properties of hardened concrete
- 10. PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE • Definition of compressive strength, impermeability elastic properties of concrete, modulus of elasticity of concrete • Creep and factors affecting creep • Shrinkage and factors affecting shrinkage
- 11. CONCRETE MIX DESIGN • Objectives of mix design • Mix design procedure by I.S. method as per I.S. 10262-2009 • Testing of concrete and its significance • Determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes at different ages • Non- destructive testing of concrete and its importance and methods of NDT
- 12. QUALITY CONTROL OF CONCRETE • Batching and types of batching • Different types of mixers and vibrators • Formwork and different types of formworks for different works such as beams, slabs, columns, well foundation • • Process of transportation, placing, compaction & finishing of concrete • Definition, necessity and methods of curing of concrete
- 13. EXTREME WEATHER CONCRETING & CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE IN CONCRETE • Effects of cold and hot weather on concrete and precautions • to be taken while concreting in cold and hot weather condition • Properties and applications of different types of admixtures in concrete
- 14. PROPERTIES OF SPECIAL CONCRETE • Properties, advantages and limitations of special types of concrete
- 15. END .