The document discusses concepts related to surgery including: - The different types and purposes of surgery such as diagnostic, curative, restorative, palliative, and cosmetic. - Factors that increase surgical risk such as age, medications, medical conditions, and lifestyle factors. - The preoperative assessment process including medical history, physical exam, lab tests, and identifying potential issues or risks. - Common nursing diagnoses related to surgery and the importance of patient education to address areas of deficient knowledge and reduce anxiety.

1.  Ma. Tosca Cybil A. Torres, RN  

13. 