2. BROAD OBJECTIVE
By the end of this lesson the students should
be able to acquire knowledge and skills in pre-
operative care
3. Specific Objectives
Define pre-operative care
Describe reasons for foe pre-operative care
Explain specific pre-operative care
Explain patient teaching pre-operatively
Describe pre-operative care preparation
4. PREOPARATIVE CARE
refers to the physical and psychosocial care that
prepares a patient to under go surgery safely.
It begins with the decision to perform surgery
and continues untill the client has reached the
operating area.
5. REASONS FOR PREOPERATIVE CARE
the primary reason of the preoperative care is
to make surgery safer
The specific reasons are the following;
To identify the risks associated with surgery
and anaesthesia
To reduce the risks associated with surgery
To prepare patient physically and
psychologically to alley anxiety
6. SPECIFIC PREOPERATIVE CARE
explain the procedure to the patient including
risks
to ensure that the has understood,
To help the patient to make the informed decision
To allay anxiety
7. Gaining the written informed consent to
the patient.
This is as a legal document protecting the
hospital and the surgeons in the court of law that
the patient voluntarily agreed to the surgery.
9. Collect and review the diagnostic tests
Full blood count
Blood type and cross match
Serum electrolytes
Urinalyisis
Chest x-ray
Electrocadiography
11. Review the clients health history and
preoparation for surger
History of presenting illness
Past medical history ,acute and chronic eg
hypentesion and diabetic mellitus
Allergies
Previous hospitalization and surgeries
12. Assess physical needs
Ability to communicate
vital signs
Weight and height
Level of consciousness
Skin integrity
Circulatory status
Hydration status
Ability to ambulate
13. cnt
Assess psychological needs
Emotional states
Level of understanding of the surgical procedure
Preoperative and postoperative instructions
Coping strategies
Coping systems
Roles and responsibilities
14. Problem Identification and risk reduction
Problems identified are acted on accordingly
and managed before the patient is transferred to
the operating area.
15. PATIENT TEACHING PREOPERATIVELY
Teach patient about the procedure (surgical)
Expectations before and after surgery
Explain and demonstrate on deep breathing
and coughing exercise
Use of incentive spirometry
16. Position changes
Feet and legs exercise
Anaesthesia and side effects
NPO status
Information about intravenous fluid and other
lines and tubes such as nasal gastric tubes and
surgical drains
Likely complications that might come
17. PREOPARATIVE PREPARATION
Set an intravenous line for blood transfusion and
fluids administration eg normal saline
Catheterize the urinary bladder
To monitor urine output
To prevent trauma to the bladder during surgical
procedure
To prevent urinary incontinence related to
anaesthesia
18. Patient Should fast (NPO) at least for 8 hours to the
surgical procedure to prevent the risk of aspiration
Remove denture to reduce risk of aspiration
Remove prostheses to reduce risk of infection
Skin preparation to reduce the risk of infection by;
Bathing the patient
Shaving the site to be operated
19. Vital signs
Adminster antibiotic as prophylaxis eg 2g cef
start or 5 mega units xpen start
Check random blood sugar to rule out DM
Collect blood samples for grouping and cross
match and full blood count
Call the theater team to review the patient
Provide a theater gown
20. Cross check the patients name, age ,adress
and the kind of procedure for identification
Mark the area as the part to be operated on
Keep the patients belongs safe
Transfer the patient to the theater using the
trolley or wheel chair
Introduce the patient to the theater team
21. References
Barbara K. Introductory medical surgical nursing
10th Edition 2010
Bates guide to physical examination and history
taking 12th Edition 2016
