This document discusses key concepts about ecosystems, including: - An ecosystem consists of interacting organisms and their environment. It defines the basic types of ecosystems as aquatic, terrestrial, and marine. - Ecosystems contain biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. Biotic components are divided into producers, consumers, and decomposers. - Producers perform photosynthesis, consumers feed on producers or other consumers, and decomposers break down dead organic matter. Consumers are further divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers. - Ecosystems have functions like productivity, decomposition, energy flow, and nutrient cycling to maintain interactions between components.

1. HON. ANNASAHEB DANGE COlLEGE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of civil engineering
A
Presentation
On
Concept of ECOSYSTEM its structure &functions
BY
Shridhar Kudache (203)

2. ECOSYSTEM
 The term ecosystem was first coined by
A.G.Tansely.
 Ecosystem consists of two Words :
Ecosystem
Eco
System
Environment
Interaction

3.  The ecosystem is the basic functional unit of
organism and their environment interacting with
each other and with their own components.
e.g. Grassland, Forest, Aquarium, Pond, Lake, River and
Ocean
Grassland Ecosystem Forest Ecosystem Ocean Ecosystem

4. Types of ecosystem
ECOSYSTEM
Aquatic
Eg. Pond, Lake,
Wetland, River and
Estuary
Terrestrial
Eg.Forest,
Grassland and
Desert

5. Ecosystem
Abiotic
non-living
Eg. soil, water, light,
inorganic nutrients and
weather
Biotic
living
Eg. producers and
consumers

6.  From nutrition point of view, the biotic components
of ecosystem can be grouped into three categories:
Biotic components of
Ecosystem
Producers Consumers Decomposers

7. • Autotrophic Elements
• Eg. Green Plants
• Photosynthesis O2 Essential for all living things

8. consumers
Living members of ecosystem which consume the food
synthesized producers.
CONSUMERS
PRIMARY
CONSUMERS
SECONDARY
CONSUMERS
TERTIARY
CONSUMERS

9. PRIMARY CONSUMERS
• Consumers of first order
• Purely herbivorous animals.
• Dependent for food on producers or Green plants
• Eg-cow,rabbit,goat,deer,etc.
• It serves as chief food source for carnivores

10. Secondary CONSUMERS
• Consumers of second order
• Carnivores animals
• Flesh eating animals
• Eg – Dogs, cats , snakes, etc.

11. TERTIARY CONSUMERS
• Consumers of third order.
• Top carnivores pray upon other carnivores.
• Eg – hawk, tiger , lion , etc.

12. DECOMPOSERS
• Attack the dead remains of producers & compose
• Converts complex organic substance into simpler
compounds
• Again get attacked by another kind of bacteria to transform
organic compound into inorganic compound
• Which is suitable for reuse by producers .
• Eg – fungi and Bacteria

13. FUNCTIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
The components of the ecosystem are seen to
function as a unit when we consider the
following aspects:
 Productivity
 Decomposition
 Energy flow
 Nutrient cycling

14. PRODUCTIVITY
Productivity - The rate of biomass production is called
productivity.
• Gross primary productivity - The rate of production of
organic matter during photosynthesis is called gross
primary productivity.

15.  The breakdown of complex organic matter into
inorganic substances like carbon dioxide, water and
nutrients and the process is called decomposition.
• STEPS IN DECOMPOSITION
ps in decomposition
Fragmentation
Leaching
Catabolism
Humification
Mineralization

17. -The flow of energy is one way direction
Producer consumers decomposers
-However, a part of the energy is lost as heat and
agrees with the phenomenon of second law of
Thermodynamics

18.  Pyramid of energy is always upright.
 It can never be inverted.