This document discusses the key components and functions of computers. It describes the three types of computers based on size and storage capacity, as well as the four main parts of a computer: input, output, memory, and the central processing unit (CPU). The CPU is made up of the control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Memory is divided into random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM). The document also defines common computer terms like bits, bytes, and memory sizes and provides an overview of how computer chips are made.

1. Computer Applications
Grade 6

2. 3 Types of Computers:
Main Frame Microcomputer
b) Largest b) Smallest
c) Most Expensive c) Least Expensive
d) Stores the Most d) Stores Least
Data Amount of Data
Minicomputer
 2nd Largest
 2nd Most Expensive
 2nd in Storing Data

3. Electrical Signals:
 Digital– Uses On or Off electrical
signals.
 Analog – Uses a smooth continuous
change in the electrical signal.

4. 4 Parts of the Computer:
 Input – Enters data into the computer
 Output – Returns processed data
 Memory – Stores data
 Central Processing Unit (CPU) – The
brain or the heart of the computer

5. Memory:
 Random Access Memory (RAM)
2) Memory that we use when we are using the
computer
3) Can be changed
4) Temporary
 Read Only Memory (ROM)
6) Memory that the computer uses
7) Can Not be changed
8) Permanent

6. Central Processing Unit:
 Made up of the following two units:
 Control Unit – directs the flow of the
program or data.
 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) – all math and
comparing is done here.

7. 4 Parts of the Computer:
MEMORY
CPU
INPUT CONTROL OUTPUT
ALU

8. Inside the Computer:
 Computer Chip – thin wafer of silicon
that is an 1/8th of an inch square.
 Integrated Circuit Chips (ICC) –
integrated electrical circuits on the tiny
computer chips.

9. Large Scale Integration (LSI)
 Process of making a
computer chip:
 A design is made.
 The design is photographed
and reduced to chip size.
 Photograph is “baked” on
the silicon.
 The chip is magnetized.
 The chip is tested and
placed in protective casing.

10. Computer Definitions:
 Bit (binary digit) – tiny electrical signal. If
the signal is On = 1 and if the signal is Off =
0.
 Byte – Pattern of 8 electrical signals or 8
bits. Everything on the keyboard has its
own pattern.
 Nybble – ½ a byte.
 Memory Size:
e) 1 Kilobyte (K) – 1024 bytes
f) 1 Megabyte (meg) – 1024 Kilobytes
g) 1 Gigabyte (gig)–1024 megabytes
h) 1 Terabyte (TB)–1024 gigabytes
1 Gigabyte = approx 500,000 letter-size pages of text information

11. More Definitions:
 Computer Hardware – Any part of the
computer (monitor, disk drive, speakers,
printer…).
 Computer Software – Programs used on the
computer (Microsoft Word, Power Point, Sim
City, LOGO…..).
 Binary Code – Base 2 number system made
up of 1’s and 0’s.
 ASCII Code – Each character on the
computer has it’s own code number.
(See the chart on the next slide).
Don’t write this in your notes!

12. ASCII Chart: