A computer is an electronic machine that can store, retrieve, and process data according to a set of instructions. It converts raw data into meaningful information. Data refers to unprocessed facts while information is processed data that has meaning. A computer system consists of hardware, software, and liveware that work together. The hardware are the physical parts like the system unit, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Software includes the programs and applications that make the computer work. Liveware are the computer users. The main components of hardware are the processor, memory, input/output devices, storage, and communication devices. The processor executes instructions and contains the arithmetic logic unit and control unit. Memory temporarily stores data and programs in RAM and permanently stores firmware

1. Computer Systems
Overview of Computer Systems
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2. What is a Computer…?
• Man-made, programmable electronic machine that can store,
retrieve, and process data according to a given set of
instructions
• Simply we can say ‘It is electronic/intelligent device which can
convert raw DATA in to meaningful INFORMATION ’

3. DATA
• Data can be defined as ‘Raw facts’, ’Meaning less
things’ or ‘Un-processed things’
• Normally data can be input to a system.
• E.g.- In an organization: employee’s name, number of
hours of work, employee address, and employment
commenced date, etc

4. INFORMATION
• Processed data and which has a meaning
unlike data.
• Normally Information are output from a
system.
• E.g.-In an organization: monthly salary of an
employee, total sales in a particular month,
etc

5. Total Computer System
• A system is a collection of elements that work together to
achieve a common objective.
Total
Computer
System
Hardware Software Liveware

6. Total Computer
System
Hardware Software
System
Software
Application
Software
Packages
Languages
Liveware

7. Computer Hardware
• The physical components (tangible parts) of a
computer known as Hardware.
• E.g.- System unit, Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor
etc

8. Software
• Collection of programs or applications, which
contain the instructions that makes the
computer work.
• E.g.-
Windows XP, Ms-Word, Java, AVG, Virus,

9. Liveware
• The computer users are known as Liveware.
• It can be anyone who use the computer.

10. Hardware categorization
• Mainly computer Hardware can be
categorized as follows,
– Processor/CPU
– Memory & integrating devices
– Input devices
– Output devices
– Storage devices
– Communication devices

11. Processor/CPU
• Can be defined as the ‘Brain’ of the computer.
• All the commands are execute from here.
• Mainly consists with two parts,
»ALU
»CU

12. ALU-Arithmetic & Logic Unit
• Responsible for performing Arithmetic
functions such as,
– Addition (+)
– Subtraction (-)
– Division(/)
– Multiplication(*)
• And Logical functions like,
– Is Greater than (>)
– Is Less than(<)

13. CU-Control Unit
• Responsible for controlling all the Hardware of
the computer and all the Software of the
computer.
• All tasks of the computer has been runs under
the direct co-ordinations of CU.

14. Memory
• There are two types of memories within
computer,
– RAM (Random Access Memory)
– ROM (Read Only Memory)

15. RAM
• Random Access Memory.
• The currently processing data are held within
the RAM.
• Measures as a capacity. (MB,GB)
• Temporary, Volatile.

16. ROM
• Read Only Memory.
• If Compare with the RAM has low capacity.
(Measures with KBs)
• Contain a special software called ‘Firmware’, which
use to turn on the computer (booting) properly by
recognizing the Hardware devices at the system
start-up.
• Firmware also known as ‘BIOS’, Start-up program,
‘CMOS’ setup.
• Non-volatile, Permanent memory type

17. Storage Devices
• The memory locations where use to store
Data/Information permanently.
• E.g.
– HDD (Hard Disk Drive)
– CD-ROM
– DVD-ROM
– Tape Drive
• Much large in capacities. (Measures by using
MBs or GBs)

18. Communication Devices
• Hardware devices use for the communication
purposes.
• E.g.
– MODEM
– Router
– Switch/Hub
– Repeater

19. Thank You !
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