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Computer and Data
- 1. COMPUTER & DATA By : Darpan Chelani & Muntazir Bhutto
- 2. • How Computer Represents Data.. • Bits & Bytes • Text code • How Computer Process Data.. • CPU • Memory • Factors Affecting Processing Speed.. • Register OUTLINE….
- 3. HOW COMPUTER REPRESENT DATA • Bits & Bytes • Number System
- 4. BITS & BYTES • A single unit of Data (0 or 1) • Eight (8) bits make one BYTE • We use 0 or 1 to represent state • 0=Off • 1=On
- 7. BINARY TO DECIMAL CONVERSION
- 12. TEXT CODE.. • Text is made up of CHARACTER and each character is allocated its own binary code. • Set of character is called character set. • Made up of • 26 upper case • 26 lower case • 10 DIGITS 0-9 • 20 punctuation marks (! , . ? etc) • ASCII & Unicode are two of the most common codes in use today
- 13. ASCII • American Standard Code for Information Interchange • It’s a 7 bit code allowing 128 characters • Example • Code 13 = Carriage Return • Code 10 = Line feed • Code 09 = TAB • Code 08 = Backspace • Upper case(65-90) • Lower case (97-122) • Code 65 = A • Code 97 = a • Range 0-255 characters
- 14. UNICODE • It provides a unique number for every character • Unicode uses a 16 bit code for character • Provides character upto 65,536 • It includes all the ASCII character codes to ensure compatibility
- 15. HOW COMPUTER PROCESS DATA • Computer perform only 4 operation: • Input / Output Operations • Calculation & text manipulation operations • Logic / Comparison Operations • Storage and Retrieval Operations
- 17. CPU • CPU stands for Central Processing Unit • Microprocessor • The Chip • Processor
- 18. CPU
- 19. CPU • A silicon chip made of millions of transistors. • CPU controls all the activites within the system . • Its called the brain of computer. • Data is processed into information. • CPU consist of two Components • CU (Control Unit) • ALU (Arthmetic Logic Unit) • Other components • Registers • Cache
- 20. CONTROL UNIT (CU) • Process Data. • Extracts instruction from Memory and decodes and executes them. • Manage all resources of computer. • For every instruction the control unit repeats a set of 4 basic operation called machine cycle/processing cycle.
- 21. ARTHMETIC LOGIC UNIT • Operation of comparing number is carried by Mathematical operation in CPU. • Computer perform two type of operation • Arthmetic Operations • Logical Operations
- 22. ARTHMETIC OPERATION • Addition (+) • Subtraction (-) • Multiplication (*) • Division (/)
- 23. LOGICAL OPERATION • COMPARISION • Equal to = • Not equal to != • Greater than > • Less than < • etc
- 24. MACHINE CYCLE • Four Series of Steps • Execute each time when Data is input • Instruction Cycle • Execution Cycle
- 26. MACHINE CYCLE • Fetching= • Take command or data from Memory. • Decoding= • Translate instruction • ALU can understand • Executing= • Carry information • Convert into Microcode • Storing= • Copy result to Memory
- 27. FACTOR AFFECTING PROCESSING CYCLE • Clock rate of CPU • Computer Word Size • Bus Speed • Main Memory Size • Cache Memory Size • Instruction Set Complexity • Number of Processing Units
- 28. REGISTER