The document discusses the components and functions of a microprocessor in a microcomputer system. It describes the main parts of a microprocessor as the ALU, registers, and control unit. The microprocessor reads instructions from memory, accepts data as input, processes the data according to instructions, and provides results as output. Other components that interface with the microprocessor are memory for storing instructions and data, input/output devices for transferring data to and from the external world, and system buses for communication between components. The primary functions of the CPU are to fetch, decode and execute instructions, transfer data, respond to interrupts, and provide timing/control signals.

2. Content
 Introduction
 Parts of Microprocessor
 ALU (Arithmetic ad Logical Unit)
 Registers
 Control Unit
 Memory
 I/O – Input / Output
 System Bus
 Primary functions of CPU in microcomputer

3. Introduction
 Microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable
logic device that reads binary Instructions from
storage device called Memory.
 It accept binary data as input and process that
data according to those instruction given by the
user and provide result as output.
 The microcomputer is one of the ‘Microprocessor
based System’ the following diagram shows the
block diagram of microcomputer

4. Control Unit
ALU Registers
SYSTEM BUS
Input / Output
Memory
Microprocessor Based System
Microprocessor

5. Parts of Microprocessor
Microprocessor has three parts
ALU (Arithmetic & Logical Unit)
Registers
Control Unit

6. ALU
 ALU stands for Arithmetic and Logical unit
 This area of microprocessor used to
perform various computing function on data
 It perform arithmetic operation such as
Addition, Subtraction and Logical operation
such as AND, OR and EXCLUSIVE OR.
 After completion of operation the results
either stored in registers or Memory

7. Registers
 This area of microprocessor consist of
various registers
 Registers used to store the temporary
value during the execution
 Some of registers are accessible to user
using instruction

8. Control Unit
 It provides accessory timing and control
signals to all the operations of
microcomputer.
 It controls flow of instructions or data
Microprocessor and Memory and
Peripheral

9. Memory
 It stores the binary information such as
instructions and data, and provide this
information to the microprocessor
whenever it require
 During execution of program the
microprocessor reads instruction and data
form the memory and perform operation in
its ALU Section
 The result is either stores in memory for
later use or either send it to output devices

10. Input ad output
 This section communicate with the outside
world
 It is also know as peripheral devices
 The input devices keyboard, analog to digital
converter devices used to transfer data from
outside world to microprocessor
 The output devices LED’s, CRT’s, printer,
plotter, or digital to analog converter these
devices used to transfer data microprocessor to
outside world

11. System Bus
 The system bus used to communication
between microprocessor and
peripherals and memory
 It is the group of wires to carry the bits.
 In microcomputer we use several
system buses to travel data

12. Primary functions of CPU
 To fetch, decode and execute the
instruction of program in proper order
 Transfer data to or from memory as well
as I/O devices
 Responds to external interrupts.
 Provide overall time and control signals
to entire system
 All processing and data flow is done in
the system with mpu chip