The document provides an introduction and roadmap for a course on software engineering fundamentals using C++. It discusses topics like how computers work, number systems, character sets, color models, what programming is, differences between low-level and high-level languages, compilers vs interpreters, and operating systems. The roadmap outlines topics like CPU and memory components, binary, decimal, octal, hexadecimal, and other number systems, ASCII, Unicode, RGB, CMYK, what a program is, reasons for learning C++, and more. Explanations and examples are provided for key concepts.
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This presentation is a part of the COP2271C college level course taught at the Florida Polytechnic University located in Lakeland Florida. The purpose of this course is to introduce Freshmen students to both the process of software development and to the Python language.
The course is one semester in length and meets for 2 hours twice a week. The Instructor is Dr. Jim Anderson.
A video of Dr. Anderson using these slides is available on YouTube at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=ar8cV0ynWAw
hinditutorialspoint.com
<a href="https://hinditutorialspoint.com/">what is java in hindi</a>
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<a href="https://hinditutorialspoint.com/">Java Features in Hindi</a>
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<a href="https://hinditutorialspoint.com/">html attributes in hindi</a>
<a href="https://hinditutorialspoint.com/">Elements in html in hindi</a>
<a href="https://hinditutorialspoint.com/">Formatting in html in hindi</a>
This presentation is a part of the COP2271C college level course taught at the Florida Polytechnic University located in Lakeland Florida. The purpose of this course is to introduce Freshmen students to both the process of software development and to the Python language.
The course is one semester in length and meets for 2 hours twice a week. The Instructor is Dr. Jim Anderson.
A video of Dr. Anderson using these slides is available on YouTube at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=ar8cV0ynWAw
It is a topic related to computer science and many other courses.It will tell you in detail that how a computer transforms data into information and make data meaningful and useful.
In this ppt , you will learn about the evolution of number systems, decimal, binary and hexadecimal and why hexadecima is the most important form of number systems when working with microcontroller programming.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION,
TYPES OF NUMBER SYSTEM,
DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM,
BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM,
OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM,
HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM,
CONVERSION METHOD,
• INTRODUCTION:
A set of values used to represent different quantities is known as NUMBER SYSTEM.
For example-
A number can be used to represent the number of student in a class or number of viewers watching a certain TV program etc.
• TYPES OF NUMBER SYSTEM:
Number systems are four types,
1. DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM,
2. BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM,
3. OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM,
4. HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM,
DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM:
The number system that we used in our day to day life is the decimal number system.
Decimal number system has base 10 as it uses ten digits from 0 to 9.
EXAMPLE-(234)10
BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM:
Binary number system uses two digits 0&1.
Its base is 2.
A combination of binary numbers may be used to represent different quantities like 1001.
Example –
(1001)2,
(100)2,
OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM:
Octal number system consists of eight digits from 0 to 7.
The base of octal system is 8.
Any digit in this system is always less than 8.
It is shortcut method to represent long binary number.
Example –
(34)8,
(235)8,
• HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM:
Hexadecimal number system consist of 16 digits from 0 to 9 and a to f.
Its base is 16.
Each digit of this number system represents a power of 8.
Example-
(6D) 16,
(A3)16,
CONVERSION METHOD:
There are two methods used most frequently to convert a number in a particular base to another base.
Remainder method,
Expansion method,
REMAINDER METHOD:
This method is used to convert a decimal number to its equivalent value in any other base.
The following steps are to be followed by this method:
Divide the number by the base and note the remainder.
Divide the quotient by the base and note the remainder.
Repeat step 2 until the quotient cannot be divided further. That is, the quotient become to smaller than divisor.
The sequence of remainder starting from last generated 1 prefix by undivided quotient is the converted number.
EXPANSION METHOD:
This method can be applied to convert any number in any base to its equivalent in base 10.
During expansion, the base of the number is sequentially raised to start with 0 and is incremented by one for every digit that occurs in the binary number.
THANK YOU!!!!!
Number Systems — Decimal, Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal
Base 10 (Decimal) — Represent any number using 10 digits [0–9]
Base 2 (Binary) — Represent any number using 2 digits [0–1]
Base 8 (Octal) — Represent any number using 8 digits [0–7]
Base 16(Hexadecimal) — Represent any number using 10 digits and 6 characters [0–9, A, B, C, D, E, F]
It is a topic related to computer science and many other courses.It will tell you in detail that how a computer transforms data into information and make data meaningful and useful.
In this ppt , you will learn about the evolution of number systems, decimal, binary and hexadecimal and why hexadecima is the most important form of number systems when working with microcontroller programming.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION,
TYPES OF NUMBER SYSTEM,
DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM,
BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM,
OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM,
HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM,
CONVERSION METHOD,
• INTRODUCTION:
A set of values used to represent different quantities is known as NUMBER SYSTEM.
For example-
A number can be used to represent the number of student in a class or number of viewers watching a certain TV program etc.
• TYPES OF NUMBER SYSTEM:
Number systems are four types,
1. DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM,
2. BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM,
3. OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM,
4. HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM,
DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM:
The number system that we used in our day to day life is the decimal number system.
Decimal number system has base 10 as it uses ten digits from 0 to 9.
EXAMPLE-(234)10
BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM:
Binary number system uses two digits 0&1.
Its base is 2.
A combination of binary numbers may be used to represent different quantities like 1001.
Example –
(1001)2,
(100)2,
OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM:
Octal number system consists of eight digits from 0 to 7.
The base of octal system is 8.
Any digit in this system is always less than 8.
It is shortcut method to represent long binary number.
Example –
(34)8,
(235)8,
• HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM:
Hexadecimal number system consist of 16 digits from 0 to 9 and a to f.
Its base is 16.
Each digit of this number system represents a power of 8.
Example-
(6D) 16,
(A3)16,
CONVERSION METHOD:
There are two methods used most frequently to convert a number in a particular base to another base.
Remainder method,
Expansion method,
REMAINDER METHOD:
This method is used to convert a decimal number to its equivalent value in any other base.
The following steps are to be followed by this method:
Divide the number by the base and note the remainder.
Divide the quotient by the base and note the remainder.
Repeat step 2 until the quotient cannot be divided further. That is, the quotient become to smaller than divisor.
The sequence of remainder starting from last generated 1 prefix by undivided quotient is the converted number.
EXPANSION METHOD:
This method can be applied to convert any number in any base to its equivalent in base 10.
During expansion, the base of the number is sequentially raised to start with 0 and is incremented by one for every digit that occurs in the binary number.
THANK YOU!!!!!
Number Systems — Decimal, Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal
Base 10 (Decimal) — Represent any number using 10 digits [0–9]
Base 2 (Binary) — Represent any number using 2 digits [0–1]
Base 8 (Octal) — Represent any number using 8 digits [0–7]
Base 16(Hexadecimal) — Represent any number using 10 digits and 6 characters [0–9, A, B, C, D, E, F]
Chapter 2Hardware2.1 The System Unit2.2 Data and PEstelaJeffery653
Chapter 2
Hardware
2.1 The System Unit
2.2 Data and Program Representa-
tion
2.2.1 Digital data and numerical data
Most computers are digital computers which use a spe-
cific language to communicate within itself in order to
process information. If there are programs running in
the background or a person is typing up a word docu-
ment for example, the computer needs to be able to in-
terpret the data that is being put into it by the human as
well as communicate to working components within it-
self. This language that digital computers use is called
binary code and is a very basic form of language com-
posed of only two figures; 1 and 0. Whereas the English
language is composed of 26 figures which we commonly
call the alphabet, computers use a language composed of
only two figures, hence its name Binary Code. Binary lit-
erally means two and refers to anything that consists of,
involves, or indicates two. The language known as Binary
Code operates on a system of 1’s and 0’s strung together.
Each 1 or 0 is referred to as a “bit.” “Bits” are the smallest
unit of data that a binary computer can recognize and ev-
ery action, memory, storage, or computation that is done
through a computer is composed of them. From playing
music through your speakers to cropping a photograph, to
typing up a document and preparing an important presen-
tation all the way down the line to browsing the internet
or picking up on a wifi signal in your area, everything
uses “bits” to complete the task needed. “Bits” string
into larger lines of information the way letters string into
words and then sentences. When eight “bits” are com-
pounded in this way they are then referred to as a “byte”.
“Bytes”, which are made up of “bits”, are commonly used
when referring to the size of the information being pro-
vided. For example, a song that is downloaded may con-
tain several kilobytes or perhaps even a few megabytes if
it is a whole c.d. and not just a single track. Likewise, pic-
tures and all other documents in general are stored on the
computer based on their size or amount of bytes they con-
tain. The amount of information that can be stored onto
a computer is also shown or displayed in bytes as is the
amount left on a computer after certain programs or doc-
uments have been stored. Since bytes can be extremely
long, we have come up with prefixes that signify how large
they are. These prefixes increase by three units of ten
so that a Kilobyte represents 1,000 bytes, a Megabyte
represents 1,000,000 bytes or one million bytes, a Giga-
byte represents 1,0000,000,000 or one billion bytes, etc.
Computers components have become so small that we can
now store larger and larger amounts of data bytes in the
same size computers resulting in the use of other larger
prefixes such as Tera, Peta, Exa, Zetta, and Yotta. Be-
low is a chart outlining the name of the prefix used and
powers of ten they symbolize.
0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 1 1 00
1 ...
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
5. Fundamentals
1- How Computer Work?
2- Number Systems ( Decimal, Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal).
3- ASCII & ISCII & Unicode
4- RGB & CMYK
5- What’s a Program?
6 - Why Learn Programming (C++)?
4- Low-level and high-level Language.
8- Compiler VS Interpreter.
9- Operation System.
6. How Computer Work?
Central Process Unit (CPU):
The computer's central processing unit (CPU) is the
part of a computer that retrieves and executes
instructions. The CPU is essentially the brain of a
Computer system.
Arithmetic logic unit(ALU):
- Performs arithmetic and logical operations.
- Arithmetic operations include operations
such as ADD and SUBTRACT.
- Logical operations include operations such as
AND, OR, and NOT.
7. How Computer Work?
Control unit (CU):
- Directs the operation of the other processor
components by providing timing and control
signals.
- It coordinates the input and output devices of
a computer system and decodes the program
instructions that need to be executed by the
CPU.
Cache:
- Is a very fast and small type of memory.
- Cache memory is designed to operate close
to the speed of the processor.
- It is used to keep the instructions and data
that are used most frequently so that they
don’t have to be fetched from the main
memory, which is much slower.
8. How Computer Work?
Hard Disk ( HDD):
- Hard disk, also called hard disk drive or hard
drive, magnetic storage medium for a
computer.
- Hard disks are flat circular plates made of
aluminum or glass and coated with magnetic
material.
- Hard disks for personal computers can store
terabytes (trillions of bytes) of information.
- Data are stored on their surfaces in
concentric tracks.
Data Type that can be stored in hard disk:
- Program files (notepad.exe)
- Data files ( myfile.txt).
9. How Computer Work?
Input/output buffer:
- An area of computer memory is used to
temporarily store data and instructions
transferred into and out of a computer,
permitting several such transfers to take
place simultaneously with the processing of
data.
Data Type that can be stored in hard disk:
- Program files (notepad.exe)
- Data files ( myfile.txt).
10. Number System
Decimal Number System:
- Decimal number system is a base 10 number
system having 10 digits from 0 to 9.
- This means that any numerical quantity can
be represented using these 10 digits.
- The decimal number system is also a
positional value system. This means that the
value of digits will depend on their position.
11. Number System
Decimal Number System:
- Decimal number system is a base 10 number
system having 10 digits from 0 to 9.
- This means that any numerical quantity can
be represented using these 10 digits.
- The decimal number system is also a
positional value system. This means that the
value of digits will depend on their position.
12. Number System
Decimal Number System:
- positional value system: This means that the
value of digits will depend on its position.
- Let us take an example to understand this.
- Say we have three numbers: [734], [971] and
[207]. The value of 7 in all three numbers is
different−
- In 734, value of 7 is 7 hundreds or 700 or 7 ×
100 or 7 × 102
- In 971, value of 7 is 7 tens or 70 or 7 × 10 or 7
× 101
- In 207, value 0f 7 is 7 units or 7 or 7 × 1 or 7 ×
100
13. Number System
Decimal Number System:
- The weightage of each position can be represented
as follows:
- In digital systems, instructions are given through
electric signals.
- variation is done by varying the voltage of the signal.
Having 10 different voltages to implement decimal
number system in digital equipment is difficult.
- So, many number systems that are easier to implement
digitally have been developed. Let’s look at them in
detail.
14. Number System
Binary Number System:
- The easiest way to vary instructions through electric
signals is two-state system.
- ON and OFF. ON is represented as 1 and OFF as 0.
- Though 0 is not actually no signal but signal at a
lower voltage.
- The number system having just these two digits – 0
and 1 – is called binary number system.
- Each binary digit is also called a bit.
- Binary number system is also Positional value
system, where each digit has a value expressed in
powers of 2, as displayed here.
15. Number System
Binary Number System:
- In any binary number, the rightmost digit is called
least significant bit (LSB)
- and leftmost digit is called most significant bit (MSB).
- And decimal equivalent of this number is sum of
product of each digit with its positional value.
- Binary Decimal
110102 = 1×24 + 1×23 + 0×22 + 1×21 + 0×20
= 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0
= 2610
16. Number System
Binary Number System:
- Computer memory is measured in terms of how
many bits it can store. Here is a chart for memory
capacity conversion
- 1 byte (B) = 8 bits
- 1 Kilobytes (KB) = 1024 bytes
- 1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB
- 1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB
- 1 Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB
- 1 Exabyte (EB) = 1024 PB
- 1 Zettabyte = 1024 EB
- 1 Yottabyte (YB) = 1024 ZB
17. Number System
Octal Number System:
- Has eight digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
- Octal number system is also a Positional value
system with where each digit has its value expressed
in powers of 8, as shown here
- Decimal equivalent of any octal number is sum of
product of each digit with its positional value.
- Octal to Decimal
7268 = 7×82 + 2×81 + 6×80
= 448 + 16 + 6
= 47010
18. Number System
Hexadecimal Number System:
- Has 16 symbols : 0 to 9 and A to F where A is equal to
10, B is equal to 11 and so on till F.
- Hexadecimal number system is also a positional
value system with where each digit has its value
expressed in powers of 16, as shown here:
- Decimal equivalent of any hexadecimal number is sum
of product of each digit with its positional value.
- Hexadecimal to Decimal
27FA16 = 2×163 + 7×162 + 15×161 + 10×160
= 8192 + 1792 + 240 +10
= 1023410
19. Number System
Number System Relationship
- The following table depicts the relationship between
decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal number
systems.
20. ASCII
- Besides numerical data, computer must be able to
handle alphabets, punctuation marks, mathematical
operators, special symbols, etc.
- that form the complete character set of English
language. The complete set of characters or symbols
are called alphanumeric codes.
- The complete alphanumeric code typically includes:
- 26 upper case letters
- 26 lower case letters
- 10 digits
- 7 punctuation marks
- 20 to 40 special characters
Alphanumeric System
21. ASCII
- Now a computer understands only numeric values,
whatever the number system used.
- So all characters must have a numeric equivalent
called the alphanumeric code.
- The most widely used alphanumeric code is American
Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII).
ASCII is a 7-bit code that has 128 (27) possible codes.
Alphanumeric System
22. ISCII
- ISCII stands for Indian Script Code for Information
Interchange.
- IISCII was developed to support Indian languages on
computer.
- Language supported by IISCI include Devanagari,
Tamil, Bangla, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Tamil, Telugu, etc.
IISCI is mostly used by government departments and
before it could catch on, a new universal encoding
standard called Unicode was introduced.
Alphanumeric System
23. Unicode
- Unicode is an international coding system designed to be used with different language scripts.
- Each character or symbol is assigned a unique numeric value, largely within the framework of ASCII. Earlier, each
script had its own encoding system, which could conflict with each other.
- In contrast, this is what Unicode officially aims to do − Unicode provides a unique number for every character, no
matter what the platform, no matter what the program, no matter what the language.
For more information about unicode visit this link:
https://unicode-table.com/en/
Alphanumeric System
24. RGB
- RGB (red, green, and blue) refers to a system for representing the
colors to be used on a computer display.
- Red, green, and blue can be combined in various proportions to
obtain any color in the visible spectrum.
- Levels of R, G, and B can each range from 0 to 100 percent of full
intensity.
- Each level is represented by the range of decimal numbers from 0
to 255 (256 levels for each color), equivalent to the range of
binary numbers from 00000000
to 11111111, or hexadecimal 00 to FF.
- The total number of available colors is 256 x 256 x 256, or
16,777,216 possible
Colors.
RGB & CMYK
25. CMYK
- CMYK stands for Cyan Magenta Yellow Key (Black).
- It is the color scheme used for projects including printed
materials.
- This color mode uses the colors cyan, magenta, yellow and black
as primary colors which are combined in different extents to get
different colors.
RGB & CMYK
27. What is Programming?
- A computer is a device that can only read
binary.
- These binaries are produced by over a billion
microscopic-sized transistors packed inside a
CPU.
- Transistor arrangement dictates a CPU's ISA
(Instruction Set Architecture), which provides
hundreds of instructions that a CPU can
readily perform once its opcode is called out
through code.
- Developers mix and match these instructions
sequentially, which creates an entire program
such as game engines, web browsers,
applications, and drivers.
28. What is Programming?
- A CPU executes code through a sequence
known as the fetch, decode, execute cycle.
- Once a piece of code is loaded into RAM, the
CPU will fetch its contents one by one,
decode the contents into binary through the
assembler, and then execute the code.
29. Why Learn Programming (C++)?
> Popular
- Lots of code is still written in c++
- Programming language popularity indexes.
- Active community, Github, stack overflow
> Relevant
- Windows, Linux, Mac OSX, Photoshop, Illustrator, MySQL, MongoDB, Game engines, more…
- Amazon, Apple, Microsoft, Paypal, Google, Facebook
- VR, Unreal Engine, Machine learning, Networking & Telecom, more..
> Powerful
- Fast, flexible, scalable, portable
- Procedural and Object-Oriented
> Good Career Opportunities
- C++ Skills always in demand
- C++ = Salary ++
30. Low-level and high-level Language
- Most programming languages that you will
have heard of are high-level languages.
- Python and C# are examples of high-level
languages that are widely used in education
and in the workplace.
- A high-level language is one that is user-
oriented in that it has been designed to
make it straightforward for a programmer
to convert an algorithm into program code.
- A low-level language is machine-oriented.
- Low-level programs are expressed in terms
of the machine operations that must be
performed to carry out a task.
- This makes writing programs more difficult,
as the algorithm must be specified in terms
of the capabilities and specifications of the
processor.
- Low-level languages are named for the
processor (or processor family) that they
are designed for, and are often referred to
as assembly language or machine code.
31. Low-level and high-level Language
- Low-level languages are specific to the
instruction set of the processor and are
defined by the processor manufacturer.
- This makes code written in low-level
languages non-portable, meaning it can only
be run on a processor of the same type that
it was written for.
- You can describe these languages as
machine-oriented.
- There are two categories of low-level
language:
- machine code
- assembly code.
32. Low-level and high-level Language
- High-level programming languages are
problem-oriented rather than machine-
oriented.
- High-level languages abstract many of the
steps that the computer needs to take to
solve the problem a program addresses.
- This makes them much easier for a wide
range of people to use than assembly
languages.
- High-level programs must be translated
before they can be run (executed).
- There are many different high-level programming
languages, which exist for a variety of reasons.
- Some programming languages were developed to
be particularly suitable to solve a specific type of
problem, and others were developed with specific
goals such as to aid beginner programmers.
- Matlab -> intended for numerical
computing
- Python -> used for lots of different
applications
33. Compiler VS Interpreter
- Compilers and interpreters are programs
that help convert the high level language
(Source Code) into machine codes to be
understood by the computers.
34. Compiler VS Interpreter
- Compilers: A compiler is a computer program
that transforms code written in a high-level
programminglanguage into the machine code.
- It is a program which translates the human-
readable code to a language a computer
processor understands (binary 1 and 0 bits).
- The computer processes the machine code to
perform the corresponding tasks.
- A compiler should comply with the syntax rule
of that programming language in which it is
written.
- However, the compiler is only a program and
can not fix errors found in that program. So, if
you make a mistake, you need to make changes
in the syntax of your program. Otherwise, it will
not compile.
35. Compiler VS Interpreter
- Interpreter: An interpreter is a computer
program, which converts each high-level
program statement into the machine code.
- This includes source code, pre-compiled code,
and scripts.
- Both compiler and interpreters do the same job
which is converting higher level programming
language to machine code.
- However, a compiler will convert the code into
machine code (create an exe) before program
run. Interpreters convert code into machine
code when the program is run.
36. Compiler VS Interpreter
Hybrid language: refer to: A Multi-paradigm programming
language, a programming language that draws on elements
from more than one programming paradigm, in computer
science. In natural language, a mixed language deriving from
several languages simultaneously.
37. What’s an Operating System?
Operating system: An operating system is the most important
software that runs on a computer.
- It manages the computer's memory and processes, as
well as all of its software and hardware. -
- It also allows you to communicate with the computer
without knowing how to speak the computer's language.
- Without an operating system, a computer is useless.
38. What’s an Operating System?
The operating system's job
- Your computer's operating system (OS) manages all of
the software and hardware on the computer.
- Most of the time, there are several different computer
programs running at the same time, and they all need to
access your computer's central processing unit (CPU),
memory, and storage.
- The operating system coordinates all of this to make
sure each program gets what it needs.
39. What’s an Operating System?
Types of operating systems
- Operating systems usually come pre-loaded on any
computer you buy. -
- Most people use the operating system that comes with
their computer, but it's possible to upgrade or even
change operating systems.
- The three most common operating systems for personal
computers are Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Operating systems for mobile devices:
- The operating systems we've been talking about so far
were designed to run on desktop and laptop computers.
- Mobile devices such as phones, tablet computers, and
MP3 players are different from desktop and laptop
computers, so they run operating systems that are
designed specifically for mobile devices.
- Examples of mobile operating systems include Apple
iOS and Google Android. In the screenshot below, you
can see iOS running on an iPad.