This document outlines the concept of compound distributions. It defines a compound distribution as a random variable Y that is the sum of random variables X1 + X2 + ... + XN, where N is a random variable representing the number of terms. The document discusses the assumptions about N and the Xi, provides an example, and outlines the key properties of compound distributions including distribution function, expected value, variance, and moment generating function. It also includes a numerical example to demonstrate calculating the expected value and variance of a compound distribution.

1. COMPOUND DISTRIBUTION
Just intro
A seminar on

2. Outlines
 Definition
 Assumptions on variables
 General example on compound distribution
 Properties of compound distribution
 Numerical on compound distribution

3. Definition
The random variable Y is said to have a compound distribution
if Y is of the following form
Y=𝑋1+𝑋2+…….+𝑋 𝑁
or Y= 𝑖=1
𝑁
𝑋𝑖
where
 The number of terms N is uncertain
 The random variable 𝑋𝑖 are independent and identically
distribution
 Each 𝑋𝑖 is independent of N

4. Assumption on N and 𝑿𝒊
 N will take always discrete value so N follow only
discrete distribution
 𝑋𝑖 can takes continuous and discrete both value
 𝑋𝑖 follow any distribution with common distribution
of X

5. Example :
In a cricket match for wining team we consider
 N ,number of players (participated batsmen) which are
always discrete value
 If 𝑋𝑖 is the score of wining team and scores are always
discrete,thus value of compound distribution Y is
also discrete
 If 𝑋𝑖’s are overs which are continuous then compound
distribution Y has a mixed distribution (discrete
and continuous)

6. Properties of compound distribution
• Distribution function
• Expected value
• Higher moment
• Variance
• Moment generating function
The random variable Y is a mixture . Thus properties
of Y can be expressed as a weighted average of the
corresponding items for the basic distributions

7. 1. Distribution function
By the total law of probability, the distribution function of Y
is given by
𝐹𝑌(y)= 𝑛=0
∞
𝐺 𝑛(y)P[N=n]
Where
 For n=0 ,𝐺0(y) is the distribution function of the point
mass at y=0
 For n ≥ 1 , 𝐺 𝑁 (y) is the distribution function of the
independent sum 𝑋1+𝑋2+…….+𝑋 𝑁

8. 2. Expected value
The mean aggregate claim is :
E[Y]=E[N]E[X]
 The expected value of the aggregate claims has a natural
interpretation .
 It is the product of the expected number of claims and the
expected individual claim amount

9. Expected value (cont…)
proof: E[Y] = 𝐸 𝑁[E(Y|N=n)]
= 𝐸 𝑁[ E[ 𝑖=1
𝑁
𝑋𝑖]]
= 𝐸 𝑁[∑E[X]]
= 𝐸 𝑁[NE[X]]
= E[N]E[X]
The higher moments of the aggregate claims Y
do not have a intuitively clear formula as the
first moment .

10. 3. Higher moment
We can obtain the higher moments by using the first
principle
E[𝑌 𝑛
] = 𝐸 𝑁[E(𝑌 𝑛
|N)]
= 𝐸 𝑁[E({𝑋1+𝑋2+…….+𝑋 𝑁} 𝑛|N)]
=E[𝑍1
𝑛
]P N = 1 +E[𝑍2
𝑛
]P N = 2 +…….
Where
𝑍 𝑛 = 𝑋1+𝑋2+…….+𝑋 𝑁

11. 4. Variance
The variance of the aggregate claims var[Y] is:
var[Y] = E[N] var[X]+ var[N]𝐸[𝑋]2
 The variance of the aggregate claims also has a
natural interpretation
 It is the sum of two components such that the first
component stems from the variability of the individual
claim amount and the second component stems from
the variability of the number of claims

12. Variance (cont…)
The variance of the aggregate claims ,by using the total
variance formula
var[Y] = 𝐸 𝑁[𝑣𝑎𝑟(Y|N)]+𝑣𝑎𝑟 𝑁 [E(Y|N)]
= 𝐸 𝑁[𝑣𝑎𝑟(𝑋1+𝑋2+…….+𝑋 𝑁|N)]
+ 𝑣𝑎𝑟 𝑁 [E(𝑋1+𝑋2+…….+𝑋 𝑁|N)]
= 𝐸 𝑁[N𝑣𝑎𝑟(X)]+𝑣𝑎𝑟 𝑁 [NE(X)]
var[Y] = E N Var X + Var N 𝐸[𝑋]2

13. 5. Moment generating function
The moment generating function 𝑀 𝑌 t is :
𝑀 𝑌 t = 𝑀 𝑁 ln𝑀 𝑋 t
Where
The function ln is the natural log function .

14. Steps for m.g.f.
𝑀 𝑌 t = E[𝑒 𝑡𝑌 ]
= 𝐸 𝑁[E𝑒 𝑡( 𝑋1+ 𝑋2+…….+ 𝑋 𝑁) |N]
= 𝐸 𝑁[E(𝑒 𝑡𝑋1…….. 𝑒 𝑡𝑋 𝑁)|N]
= 𝐸 𝑁[E(𝑒 𝑡𝑋1)…….. E(𝑒 𝑡𝑋 𝑁)|N]
= 𝐸 𝑁[𝑀 𝑋(𝑡) 𝑁
]
= 𝐸 𝑁[𝑒 𝑁𝑙𝑛𝑀 𝑋(𝑡)
]
𝑀 𝑌 t = 𝑀 𝑁[ln𝑀 𝑋(t)]

15. Numerical Problem
 𝑋𝑖 = Numbers of the 𝑖 𝑡ℎ patient has
 𝑋𝑖 is distributed as a possion
E[𝑋𝑖] = 1.6
 N = Number of patients seen by a doctor in an hour
 N is also possion distributed
E[N] = 4.7
Problem :
1. What are the expected number of symptoms
diagnosed in an hour by a doctor ?

16. Numerical (cont…)
2. What are the variance value of symptoms
diagnose in an hour by a doctor
Solution
S= Number of symptoms diagnosed in an hour by a
doctor
S= 𝑋1+𝑋2+…….+𝑋 𝑁
1. E[S]=E[N]E[ 𝑋𝑖]
E[S]=7.52
2. var[S] = E[N] var[ 𝑋𝑖]+ var[N]𝐸[ 𝑋𝑖]2
var[S] = 19.552

17. Thanks…..