2. Outlines
Definition
Assumptions on variables
General example on compound distribution
Properties of compound distribution
Numerical on compound distribution
3. Definition
The random variable Y is said to have a compound distribution
if Y is of the following form
Y=𝑋1+𝑋2+…….+𝑋 𝑁
or Y= 𝑖=1
𝑁
𝑋𝑖
where
The number of terms N is uncertain
The random variable 𝑋𝑖 are independent and identically
distribution
Each 𝑋𝑖 is independent of N
4. Assumption on N and 𝑿𝒊
N will take always discrete value so N follow only
discrete distribution
𝑋𝑖 can takes continuous and discrete both value
𝑋𝑖 follow any distribution with common distribution
of X
5. Example :
In a cricket match for wining team we consider
N ,number of players (participated batsmen) which are
always discrete value
If 𝑋𝑖 is the score of wining team and scores are always
discrete,thus value of compound distribution Y is
also discrete
If 𝑋𝑖’s are overs which are continuous then compound
distribution Y has a mixed distribution (discrete
and continuous)
6. Properties of compound distribution
• Distribution function
• Expected value
• Higher moment
• Variance
• Moment generating function
The random variable Y is a mixture . Thus properties
of Y can be expressed as a weighted average of the
corresponding items for the basic distributions
7. 1. Distribution function
By the total law of probability, the distribution function of Y
is given by
𝐹𝑌(y)= 𝑛=0
∞
𝐺 𝑛(y)P[N=n]
Where
For n=0 ,𝐺0(y) is the distribution function of the point
mass at y=0
For n ≥ 1 , 𝐺 𝑁 (y) is the distribution function of the
independent sum 𝑋1+𝑋2+…….+𝑋 𝑁
8. 2. Expected value
The mean aggregate claim is :
E[Y]=E[N]E[X]
The expected value of the aggregate claims has a natural
interpretation .
It is the product of the expected number of claims and the
expected individual claim amount
9. Expected value (cont…)
proof: E[Y] = 𝐸 𝑁[E(Y|N=n)]
= 𝐸 𝑁[ E[ 𝑖=1
𝑁
𝑋𝑖]]
= 𝐸 𝑁[∑E[X]]
= 𝐸 𝑁[NE[X]]
= E[N]E[X]
The higher moments of the aggregate claims Y
do not have a intuitively clear formula as the
first moment .
10. 3. Higher moment
We can obtain the higher moments by using the first
principle
E[𝑌 𝑛
] = 𝐸 𝑁[E(𝑌 𝑛
|N)]
= 𝐸 𝑁[E({𝑋1+𝑋2+…….+𝑋 𝑁} 𝑛|N)]
=E[𝑍1
𝑛
]P N = 1 +E[𝑍2
𝑛
]P N = 2 +…….
Where
𝑍 𝑛 = 𝑋1+𝑋2+…….+𝑋 𝑁
11. 4. Variance
The variance of the aggregate claims var[Y] is:
var[Y] = E[N] var[X]+ var[N]𝐸[𝑋]2
The variance of the aggregate claims also has a
natural interpretation
It is the sum of two components such that the first
component stems from the variability of the individual
claim amount and the second component stems from
the variability of the number of claims
12. Variance (cont…)
The variance of the aggregate claims ,by using the total
variance formula
var[Y] = 𝐸 𝑁[𝑣𝑎𝑟(Y|N)]+𝑣𝑎𝑟 𝑁 [E(Y|N)]
= 𝐸 𝑁[𝑣𝑎𝑟(𝑋1+𝑋2+…….+𝑋 𝑁|N)]
+ 𝑣𝑎𝑟 𝑁 [E(𝑋1+𝑋2+…….+𝑋 𝑁|N)]
= 𝐸 𝑁[N𝑣𝑎𝑟(X)]+𝑣𝑎𝑟 𝑁 [NE(X)]
var[Y] = E N Var X + Var N 𝐸[𝑋]2
13. 5. Moment generating function
The moment generating function 𝑀 𝑌 t is :
𝑀 𝑌 t = 𝑀 𝑁 ln𝑀 𝑋 t
Where
The function ln is the natural log function .
15. Numerical Problem
𝑋𝑖 = Numbers of the 𝑖 𝑡ℎ patient has
𝑋𝑖 is distributed as a possion
E[𝑋𝑖] = 1.6
N = Number of patients seen by a doctor in an hour
N is also possion distributed
E[N] = 4.7
Problem :
1. What are the expected number of symptoms
diagnosed in an hour by a doctor ?
16. Numerical (cont…)
2. What are the variance value of symptoms
diagnose in an hour by a doctor
Solution
S= Number of symptoms diagnosed in an hour by a
doctor
S= 𝑋1+𝑋2+…….+𝑋 𝑁
1. E[S]=E[N]E[ 𝑋𝑖]
E[S]=7.52
2. var[S] = E[N] var[ 𝑋𝑖]+ var[N]𝐸[ 𝑋𝑖]2
var[S] = 19.552