This document discusses composting and provides details about the process. Composting involves the biological degradation of organic waste by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. It produces a nutrient-rich compost that improves soil quality. The composting process involves different stages as temperatures increase. A variety of microorganisms and enzymes play key roles in breaking down materials. Composting has advantages like improving soil structure and providing plant nutrients, while disadvantages include being time-consuming and potentially contaminating heavy metals.

1. COMPOSTING:USE OF
MICROORGANISMS, PLANTS AND
ENZYMES
 Presented by-
Mahesh Kumar
 Roll.no.-191506
 Department of
BIOTECHNOLOGY,
 Central university of
Haryana

2. Composting: general introduction
Composting -is the process of biological degradation of Organic waste such as food,or plant material by using
microorganisms like bacteria,fungi ,worms and other microorganisms.
 Compost : it is a Organic matter with rich nutrient. It has been decomposed and recycled in this process.it contains a
variety of nutrients Required by healthy growth of plants.
 It improves the quality of soil,so it is known as soil fertilizer.It improves the soil texture and fertility.
 Parameters includes in composting are:
 C-N ratio-25/30:1
 Ideal moisture-50-60 percent.
 Temperature-55-75
 Ph-6-8
 Oxygen availability-5-15 percent.

3. Stages of composting
1.Mesophilic stage-mesophilic microorganisms_survive 30-40
degeree Example –staphylococcus Aureus,e.coli, Streptococcus
pneumoniae etc.
2.Thermophic stage-it can be few days to several months during
which, the temperature increases and development of thermophilic
microorganisms occurs.
Example-bacillus substilis , aspergillus sp.
3.Curang phase or humification-where all the polysaccharide
molecules are transformed into humic acid ,felvic acid and phenolic
compounds.

4.  Reference- http://www.slideshare.net/SadiqPa/Composting-43902961?from_m_app=android

5. Organisms include in
composting
 1..Bacteria-they make up 80-90percent part of composting process .
 Three types based on temperature-
 Mesophilic bacteria-0-40degree centigrate.
 40degree above-thermophilus bacteria.
 High temperature-thermus dominates (genus of bacteria).
 eg.bacilus brevis ,b.substilus.
 2.Fungi-they are responsible for the decomposition of many complexes Plant polymer in soil and compost.
 Most fungi live in outer layer of compact when temperature is high .
 eg. Aspergillus fumigatus.humicola grisea.
 3.Plant-plants use enzymes and harmone to grow properly so there is no doubt they are important plants.
 Example –legume plants that Fix nitrogen Like clover and alfalfa.
 4.Enzymes-an enzymes is a special protein that causes chemical reactions to take place.
 They are also key to breaking down compost.
 Examples: cellulase that breaks cellulose,bita glucocidase- It hydrolyse the Glucocide,
 Phospatase and aryl sulphatase remove the phosphate ant and sulphate into organic matter.

6. Advantages of composting
 1.it improves the quality of the soil and for this reason it is considered as a
soil conditioner.
 It also improves the structure of the soil.
 2.it contains a variety of the basic nutrients required for healthy growth of
plants.
 3.protection provides against erosion.
 Erosion – it is the process where remove of soils By rivers and distruction of
rocks occurs.
 4.cheapest way of degrading compost.
 5.reduce the water need during composting.

7. Disadvantages
 1.time consuming process.
 2.need of high maintenance technology.
 3.it has low nutrient value as compared to commercial fertilizer.
 4.low possible heavy metal contamination.
 5.more Landed is needed.

8. APPLICATION
 Improving the soil.
 Providing a substrate for potted Christmas tree.
 Soil conditions for flowers.
 Remediation of contaminated soil.
 Substrate preparation for new sports field.
 Growing media in earth retained structure.

9. COMPOSTING IMPACT ON
INVIRONMENT
 Reference:http://images.app.google/mHiFEb9Dc4cJZObA

10. Thankyou