1. COMPOSTING:USE OF
MICROORGANISMS, PLANTS AND
ENZYMES
Presented by-
Mahesh Kumar
Roll.no.-191506
Department of
BIOTECHNOLOGY,
Central university of
Haryana
2. Composting: general introduction
Composting -is the process of biological degradation of Organic waste such as food,or plant material by using
microorganisms like bacteria,fungi ,worms and other microorganisms.
Compost : it is a Organic matter with rich nutrient. It has been decomposed and recycled in this process.it contains a
variety of nutrients Required by healthy growth of plants.
It improves the quality of soil,so it is known as soil fertilizer.It improves the soil texture and fertility.
Parameters includes in composting are:
C-N ratio-25/30:1
Ideal moisture-50-60 percent.
Temperature-55-75
Ph-6-8
Oxygen availability-5-15 percent.
3. Stages of composting
1.Mesophilic stage-mesophilic microorganisms_survive 30-40
degeree Example –staphylococcus Aureus,e.coli, Streptococcus
pneumoniae etc.
2.Thermophic stage-it can be few days to several months during
which, the temperature increases and development of thermophilic
microorganisms occurs.
Example-bacillus substilis , aspergillus sp.
3.Curang phase or humification-where all the polysaccharide
molecules are transformed into humic acid ,felvic acid and phenolic
compounds.
5. Organisms include in
composting
1..Bacteria-they make up 80-90percent part of composting process .
Three types based on temperature-
Mesophilic bacteria-0-40degree centigrate.
40degree above-thermophilus bacteria.
High temperature-thermus dominates (genus of bacteria).
eg.bacilus brevis ,b.substilus.
2.Fungi-they are responsible for the decomposition of many complexes Plant polymer in soil and compost.
Most fungi live in outer layer of compact when temperature is high .
eg. Aspergillus fumigatus.humicola grisea.
3.Plant-plants use enzymes and harmone to grow properly so there is no doubt they are important plants.
Example –legume plants that Fix nitrogen Like clover and alfalfa.
4.Enzymes-an enzymes is a special protein that causes chemical reactions to take place.
They are also key to breaking down compost.
Examples: cellulase that breaks cellulose,bita glucocidase- It hydrolyse the Glucocide,
Phospatase and aryl sulphatase remove the phosphate ant and sulphate into organic matter.
6. Advantages of composting
1.it improves the quality of the soil and for this reason it is considered as a
soil conditioner.
It also improves the structure of the soil.
2.it contains a variety of the basic nutrients required for healthy growth of
plants.
3.protection provides against erosion.
Erosion – it is the process where remove of soils By rivers and distruction of
rocks occurs.
4.cheapest way of degrading compost.
5.reduce the water need during composting.
7. Disadvantages
1.time consuming process.
2.need of high maintenance technology.
3.it has low nutrient value as compared to commercial fertilizer.
4.low possible heavy metal contamination.
5.more Landed is needed.
8. APPLICATION
Improving the soil.
Providing a substrate for potted Christmas tree.
Soil conditions for flowers.
Remediation of contaminated soil.
Substrate preparation for new sports field.
Growing media in earth retained structure.
